4.
The Chapter on the Immovable
1.
The Discourse on Killing Living Beings
81. "Monks, one possessed of four qualities is deposited in hell as if carried there. Which four? One is a killer of living beings, one is a taker of what is not given, one is one who engages in sexual misconduct, one is a liar - Monks, one possessed of these four qualities is deposited in hell as if carried there.
"Monks, one possessed of four qualities is deposited in heaven as if carried there. Which four? One abstains from killing living beings, one abstains from taking what is not given, one abstains from sexual misconduct, one abstains from lying - Monks, one possessed of these four qualities is deposited in heaven as if carried there." The first.
2.
The Discourse on Lying
82. "Monks, one possessed of four qualities is deposited in hell as if carried there. Which four? One is a liar, one speaks divisive speech, one speaks harsh speech, one engages in idle chatter - Monks, one possessed of these four qualities is deposited in hell as if carried there.
"Monks, one possessed of four qualities is deposited in heaven as if carried there. Which four? One abstains from lying, one abstains from divisive speech, one abstains from harsh speech, one abstains from idle chatter - Monks, one possessed of these four qualities is deposited in heaven as if carried there." The second.
3.
The Discourse on One Who Deserves Dispraise
83. "Monks, one possessed of four qualities is deposited in hell as if carried there. Which four? Without investigating and without scrutinising, he praises one who deserves dispraise; without investigating and without scrutinising, he dispraises one who deserves praise; without investigating and without scrutinising, he displays confidence in a matter not inspiring confidence; without investigating and without scrutinising, he displays distrust in a matter inspiring confidence - Monks, one possessed of these four qualities is deposited in hell as if carried there.
"Monks, one possessed of four qualities is deposited in heaven as if carried there. Which four? Having investigated and scrutinised, he dispraises one who deserves dispraise; having investigated and scrutinised, he praises one who deserves praise; having investigated and scrutinised, he displays distrust in a matter not inspiring confidence; having investigated and scrutinised, he displays confidence in a matter inspiring confidence - Monks, one possessed of these four qualities is deposited in heaven as if carried there." The third.
4.
The Discourse on Wrath as Weighty
84. "Monks, one possessed of four qualities is deposited in hell as if carried there. Which four? One who reveres wrath but not the Good Teaching, one who reveres contempt but not the Good Teaching, one who reveres material gain but not the Good Teaching, one who reveres honour but not the Good Teaching - Monks, one possessed of these four qualities is deposited in hell as if carried there.
"Monks, one possessed of four qualities is deposited in heaven as if carried there. Which four? One who reveres the Good Teaching but not wrath, one who reveres the Good Teaching but not contempt, one who reveres the Good Teaching but not material gain, one who reveres the Good Teaching but not honour - Monks, one possessed of these four qualities is deposited in heaven as if carried there." The fourth.
5.
The Discourse on From Darkness to Darkness
85. "Monks, there are these four persons existing and found in the world. Which four? One heading from darkness to darkness, one heading from darkness to light, one heading from light to darkness, one heading from light to light.
And how, monks, is a person one in darkness heading for darkness? Here, monks, a certain person is reborn in a low family - in an outcast family or a basket-maker's family or a hunter's family or a chariot-maker's family or a refuse-scavenger's family, poor, with little food and drink, with a difficult livelihood, where food and clothing are obtained with difficulty. And he is ugly, unsightly, dwarfish, sickly, blind or crippled or lame or paralysed, not an obtainer of food, drink, clothing, vehicles, garlands, perfumes and ointments, bedding, lodging and lighting. He practises misconduct by body, he practises misconduct by speech, he practises misconduct by mind. He, having practised misconduct by body, having practised misconduct by speech, having practised misconduct by mind, upon the body's collapse at death, is reborn in a realm of misery, an unfortunate realm, a nether world, in hell. Thus, monks, a person is one in darkness heading for darkness.
And how, monks, is a person one in darkness heading for light? Here, monks, a certain person is reborn in a low family - in an outcast family or a basket-maker's family or a hunter's family or a chariot-maker's family or a refuse-scavenger's family, poor, with little food and drink, with a difficult livelihood, where food and clothing are obtained with difficulty; and he is ugly, unsightly, dwarfish, sickly, blind or crippled or lame or paralysed, not an obtainer of food, drink, clothing, vehicles, garlands, perfumes and ointments, bedding, lodging and lighting. He practises good conduct by body, he practises good conduct by speech, he practises good conduct by mind. He, having practised good conduct by body, having practised good conduct by speech, having practised good conduct by mind, upon the body's collapse at death, is reborn in a fortunate realm, in a heavenly world. Thus, monks, a person is one in darkness heading for light.
And how, monks, is a person one in light heading for darkness? Here, monks, a certain person is reborn in a high family - in a wealthy warrior family or a wealthy brahmin family or a wealthy householder family, rich, of great wealth, of great possessions, with abundant gold and silver, with abundant means and provisions, with abundant wealth and grain; and he is handsome, good-looking, pleasing, endowed with the highest beauty of complexion, an obtainer of food, drink, clothing, vehicles, garlands, perfumes and ointments, bedding, lodging and lighting. He practises misconduct by body, he practises misconduct by speech, he practises misconduct by mind. He, having practised misconduct by body, having practised misconduct by speech, having practised misconduct by mind, upon the body's collapse at death, is reborn in a realm of misery, an unfortunate realm, a nether world, in hell. Thus, monks, a person is one in light heading for darkness.
And how, monks, is a person one in light heading for light? Here, monks, a certain person is reborn in a high family - in a wealthy warrior family or a wealthy brahmin family or a wealthy householder family, rich, of great wealth, of great possessions, with abundant gold and silver, with abundant means and provisions, with abundant wealth and grain; and he is handsome, good-looking, pleasing, endowed with the highest beauty of complexion, an obtainer of food, drink, clothing, vehicles, garlands, perfumes and ointments, bedding, lodging and lighting. He practises good conduct by body, he practises good conduct by speech, he practises good conduct by mind. He, having practised good conduct by body, having practised good conduct by speech, having practised good conduct by mind, upon the body's collapse at death, is reborn in a fortunate realm, in a heavenly world. Thus, monks, a person is one in light heading for light. These, monks, are the four persons existing and found in the world." The fifth.
6.
The Discourse on From Bent to Bent
86. "Monks, there are these four persons existing and found in the world. Which four? The low to low, the low to high, the high to low, the high to high. These, monks, are the four persons existing and found in the world." The sixth.
7.
The Son Discourse
87. "Monks, there are these four persons existing and found in the world. Which four? The unshakeable ascetic, the white lotus ascetic, the lotus ascetic, the delicate ascetic among ascetics.
"And how, monks, is a person an unshakeable ascetic? Here, monks, a monk is a learner, one who practises; he dwells aspiring for the unsurpassed freedom from bondage. Just as, monks, the eldest son of a king of the warrior caste, anointed on the head, is fit for consecration, unconsecrated, having attained stability; just so, monks, a monk is a learner, one who practises, dwelling aspiring for the unsurpassed freedom from bondage. Thus, monks, a person is an unshakeable ascetic.
"And how, monks, is a person a white lotus ascetic? Here, monks, a monk, with the elimination of the mental corruptions, in this very life, having realised by direct knowledge himself, having attained, dwells in the liberation of mind and liberation by wisdom that are without mental corruptions, but he does not dwell having touched the eight deliverances with the body. Thus, monks, a person is a white lotus ascetic.
"And how, monks, is a person a lotus ascetic? Here, monks, a monk, with the elimination of the mental corruptions, in this very life, having realised by direct knowledge himself, having attained, dwells in the liberation of mind and liberation by wisdom that are without mental corruptions, and he dwells having touched the eight deliverances with the body. Thus, monks, a person is a lotus ascetic.
"And how, monks, is a person a delicate ascetic among ascetics? Here, monks, a monk mostly uses robes that are requested, little that is unrequested; he mostly uses almsfood that is requested, little that is unrequested; he mostly uses lodging that is requested, little that is unrequested; he mostly uses requisites of medicines for the sick that are requested, little that is unrequested. Those fellows in the holy life with whom he dwells, they mostly behave towards him with agreeable bodily action, little with disagreeable; they mostly behave towards him with agreeable verbal action, little with disagreeable; they mostly behave towards him with agreeable mental action, little with disagreeable; they mostly offer him agreeable offerings, little that is disagreeable. Whatever feelings there are - those originating from bile, or those originating from phlegm, or those originating from wind, or those resulting from the combination of humours, or those born of change of season, or those born of irregular care, or those caused by assault, or those born of the result of action - those do not arise much for him. He is free from illness. He is one who obtains at will, obtains without difficulty, obtains without trouble, the four meditative absorptions pertaining to the higher mind, which are pleasant abidings in the present life; with the elimination of the mental corruptions, in this very life, having realised by direct knowledge himself, having attained, he dwells in the liberation of mind and liberation by wisdom that are without mental corruptions. Thus, monks, a person is a delicate ascetic among ascetics.
"If anyone, monks, speaking rightly would say 'the delicate ascetic among ascetics', it is of me indeed, monks, that one speaking rightly would say 'the delicate ascetic among ascetics'. For I, monks, mostly use robes that are requested, little that is unrequested; I mostly use almsfood that is requested, little that is unrequested; I mostly use lodging that is requested, little that is unrequested; I mostly use requisites of medicines for the sick that are requested, little that is unrequested. Those monks with whom I dwell, they mostly behave towards me with agreeable bodily action, little with disagreeable; they mostly behave towards him with agreeable verbal action, little with disagreeable; they mostly behave towards him with agreeable mental action, little with disagreeable; they mostly offer him agreeable offerings, little that is disagreeable. Whatever feelings there are - those originating from bile, or those originating from phlegm, or those originating from wind, or those resulting from the combination of humours, or those born of change of season, or those born of irregular care, or those caused by assault, or those born of the result of action - those do not arise much for me. I am free from illness. I am one who obtains at will, obtains without difficulty, obtains without trouble, the four meditative absorptions pertaining to the higher mind, which are pleasant abidings in the present life; with the elimination of the mental corruptions, in this very life, having realised by direct knowledge myself, having attained, I dwell in the liberation of mind and liberation by wisdom that are without mental corruptions.
"If anyone, monks, speaking rightly would say 'the delicate ascetic among ascetics', it is of me indeed, monks, that one speaking rightly would say 'the delicate ascetic among ascetics'. These, monks, are the four persons existing and found in the world." The seventh.
8.
The Discourse on Mental Fetters
88. "Monks, there are these four persons existing and found in the world. Which four? The unshakeable ascetic, the white lotus ascetic, the lotus ascetic, the delicate ascetic among ascetics.
"And how, monks, is a person an unshakeable ascetic? Here, monks, a monk, with the utter elimination of the three mental fetters, becomes a stream-enterer, no longer subject to fall into lower realms, fixed in destiny, heading for the highest enlightenment. Thus, monks, a person is an unshakeable ascetic.
"And how, monks, is a person a white lotus ascetic? Here, monks, a monk, with the utter elimination of the three mental fetters and with the reduction of lust, hate, and delusion, becomes a once-returner, who, having come to this world only once more, makes an end of suffering. Thus, monks, a person is a white lotus ascetic.
"And how, monks, is a person a lotus ascetic? Here, monks, a monk, with the utter elimination of the five lower mental fetters, becomes one of spontaneous birth, attaining final nibbāna there, not subject to return from that world. Thus, monks, a person is a lotus ascetic.
"And how, monks, is a person a delicate ascetic among ascetics? Here, monks, a monk, with the elimination of the mental corruptions, in this very life, having realised by direct knowledge himself, having attained, dwells in the liberation of mind and liberation by wisdom that are without mental corruptions. Thus, monks, a person is a delicate ascetic among ascetics. These, monks, are the four persons existing and found in the world." The eighth.
9.
The Discourse on Right View
89. "Monks, there are these four persons existing and found in the world. Which four? The unshakeable ascetic, the white lotus ascetic, the lotus ascetic, the delicate ascetic among ascetics.
"And how, monks, is a person an unshakeable ascetic? Here, monks, a monk holds right view, holds right thought, holds right speech, holds right action, holds right livelihood, holds right effort, holds right mindfulness, holds right concentration. Thus, monks, a person is an unshakeable ascetic.
"And how, monks, is a person a white lotus ascetic? Here, monks, a monk holds right view, holds right thought, holds right speech, holds right action, holds right livelihood, holds right effort, holds right mindfulness, holds right concentration, holds right knowledge, holds right liberation, but he does not dwell having touched the eight deliverances with the body. Thus, monks, a person is a white lotus ascetic.
"And how, monks, is a person a lotus ascetic? Here, monks, a monk holds right view, etc. holds right liberation, and he dwells having touched the eight deliverances with the body. Thus, monks, a person is a lotus ascetic.
"And how, monks, is a person a delicate ascetic among ascetics? Here, monks, a monk mostly uses robes that are requested, little that is unrequested, etc. If anyone, monks, speaking rightly would say 'the delicate ascetic among ascetics', it is of me indeed, monks, that one speaking rightly would say 'the delicate ascetic among ascetics'. These, monks, are the four persons existing and found in the world." The ninth.
10.
The Discourse on Aggregates
90. "Monks, there are these four persons existing and found in the world. Which four? The unshakeable ascetic, the white lotus ascetic, the lotus ascetic, the delicate ascetic among ascetics.
"And how, monks, is a person an unshakeable ascetic? Here, monks, a monk is a learner who has not attained his goal, dwelling aspiring for the unsurpassed freedom from bondage. Thus, monks, a person is an unshakeable ascetic.
"And how, monks, is a person a white lotus ascetic? Here, monks, a monk dwells observing the rise and fall in the five aggregates of clinging - 'Such is matter, such is the origin of matter, such is the passing away of matter; such is feeling... etc. such is perception... etc. such are activities... etc. such is consciousness, such is the origin of consciousness, such is the passing away of consciousness.' but he does not dwell having touched the eight deliverances with the body. Thus, monks, a person is a white lotus ascetic.
"And how, monks, is a person a lotus ascetic? Here, monks, a monk dwells observing the rise and fall in the five aggregates of clinging - 'Such is matter, such is the origin of matter, such is the passing away of matter; such is feeling... etc. such is perception... etc. such are activities... etc. such is consciousness, such is the origin of consciousness, such is the passing away of consciousness.' and he dwells having touched the eight deliverances with the body. Thus, monks, a person is a lotus ascetic.
"And how, monks, is a person a delicate ascetic among ascetics? Here, monks, a monk mostly uses robes that are requested, little that is unrequested, etc. It is of me indeed, monks, that one speaking rightly would say 'the delicate ascetic among ascetics'. These, monks, are the four persons existing and found in the world." The tenth.
The Macala Chapter is the fourth.
Its summary:
Son and mental fetter, view, with aggregate - these are ten.