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Homage to the Blessed One, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One

The Collection of Minor Texts

Verses of the Elder Monks

Introductory Verses

Like lions roaring, with tusks, in mountain caves;

Listen to the verses leading to the goal of those with developed selves.

According to their names, their clans, their dwelling in the Teaching;

According to their dispositions, the wise ones dwelt diligently.

Having seen with insight here and there, having touched the deathless state;

Reviewing what was done, they spoke about this matter.

1.

The Book of Ones

1.

The First Chapter

1.

Verses of Elder Subhūti

1.

"My hut is well-thatched, pleasant, sheltered from the wind; rain, O deity, as you wish;

My mind is well-concentrated, liberated; I dwell ardently, rain, O deities."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Subhūti speak this verse.

2.

Verses of Elder Mahākoṭṭhika

2.

"Peaceful, serene, speaking wisely, not agitated;

He shakes off evil states, as wind shakes off tree leaves."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Mahākoṭṭhika speak this verse.

3.

Verses of Elder Kaṅkhārevata

3.

"Behold this wisdom of the Truth Finders, like a fire blazing at midnight;

They become givers of light, givers of vision, those who remove perplexity from those who come."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Kaṅkhārevata speak this verse.

4.

Verses of Elder Puṇṇa

4.

"One should associate only with the wise, with those who see what is beneficial;

A great, deep meaning, difficult to see, subtle and refined;

The wise ones attain it, being diligent and discerning."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Puṇṇa Mantāṇiputta speak this verse.

5.

Verses of Elder Dabba

5.

"One who was difficult to tame is tamed through taming, the wise one is content, gone beyond perplexity;

The victor, indeed free from terror, that wise one has attained final Nibbāna, stable in self."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Dabba speak this verse.

6.

Verse of the Elder Sītavaniya

6.

"The monk who went to the cool forest, solitary, content, concentrated in self;

The victor, free from terror, resolute, maintaining mindfulness of body."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Sītavaniya speak this verse.

7.

Verse of the Elder Bhalliya

7.

"One who drove away the army of the King of Death, as a great flood a weak bridge of reeds;

The victor, indeed free from terror, tamed, he has attained final Nibbāna, stable in self."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Bhalliya speak this verse.

8.

Verse of the Elder Vīra

8.

"One who was difficult to tame is tamed through taming, the hero is content, gone beyond perplexity;

The victor, free from terror, that hero has attained final Nibbāna, stable in self."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Vīra speak this verse.

9.

Verses of Elder Pilindavaccha

9.

"It is well-come not ill-come, this is not badly counselled for me;

Among the distributed teachings, I have attained to what is best."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Pilindavaccha speak this verse.

10.

Verses of Elder Puṇṇamāsa

10.

"Who dwells without longing here or beyond, who has attained inspiration, is peaceful, self-controlled;

Unsullied among all things, he should know the rise and fall of the world."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Puṇṇamāsa speak this verse.

The First Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Subhūti, Koṭṭhika the elder, and Kaṅkhārevata the wise;

Mantāṇi's son and Dabba, and Sītavaniya and Bhalliya;

The hero Pilindavaccha, and Puṇṇamāsa who dispels darkness.

2.

The Second Chapter

1.

Verses of the Elder Cūḷavaccha

11.

"A monk full of gladness in the Teaching proclaimed by the Buddha;

One should attain the peaceful state, happiness in the calming of formations."

... The elder Cūḷavaccha...

2.

Verses of the Elder Mahāvaccha

12.

"Strong in wisdom, endowed with virtue, concentrated, delighting in meditation, and mindful;

"When eating food for the purpose, the one free from lust here should await the time."

... The elder Mahāvaccha...

3.

Verses of the Elder Vanavaccha

13.

"Dark blue in colour and beautiful, with cool waters and pure summits;

Covered with indagopaka insects, those rocks delight me."

... The elder Vanavaccha...

4.

Verses of the Novice Sivaka

14.

"My preceptor told me, 'Let us go from here, Sivaka;

My body dwells in the village, my mind has gone to the forest;

Even while lying down I shall go, for one who cognizes there is no tie.'"

... The novice Sivaka...

5.

Verses of the Elder Kuṇḍadhāna

15.

"Five one should cut off, five one should abandon, five more one should develop;

A monk who has transcended five ties is called one who has crossed the flood."

... The elder Kuṇḍadhāna...

6.

Verses of the Elder Belaṭṭhasīsa

16.

"Just as a thoroughbred horse, with arched neck and crest, goes around the plough;

Goes with little difficulty, so for me day and night;

Go with little difficulty, having gained unworldly happiness."

... The elder Belaṭṭhasīsa...

7.

Verses of the Elder Dāsaka

17.

"When one is torpid and a great eater, given to sleeping and rolling around in bed;

Like a great pig fattened on fodder, the fool returns again and again to the womb."

... The elder Dāsaka...

8.

Verses of the Elder Siṅgālapitu

18.

"There was in Bhesakaḷā Grove, a monk who was heir to the Buddha;

With just the perception of bones, he pervaded this earth;

I think he will quickly abandon sensual lust."

... The elder Siṅgālapitā...

9.

Verses of the Elder Kula

19.

"Irrigators lead the water, fletchers straighten the arrow shaft;

Carpenters bend wood, those of good vows tame themselves."

... The elder Kula...

10.

Verses of the Elder Ajita

20.

"I have no fear of death, no inclination for life;

I shall lay down this body, clearly comprehending and mindful."

... The elder Ajita...

The Second Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Cūḷavaccha, Mahāvaccha, Vanavaccha and Sīvaka;

Kuṇḍadhāna and Belaṭṭhi, and above that is Dāsaka;

The elder Siṅgālapitika, and Kula and Ajita make ten.

3.

The Third Chapter

1.

Verses of the Elder Nigrodha

21.

"I do not fear what is fearful, our Teacher is skilled in the Deathless;

Where fear does not remain, by that path the monks go."

... The Elder Nigrodha...

2.

Verses of the Elder Cittaka

22.

"Blue-necked and crested, peacocks cry out in Kārambhiya;

Stirred by the cool wind, they awaken me as I meditate on what is heard."

... The Elder Cittaka...

3.

Verses of the Elder Gosāla

23.

"In a bamboo thicket, having eaten milk-rice,

Exploring methodically the rise and fall of the aggregates;

"I will return to Sānu, cultivating seclusion."

... The elder Gosāla...

4.

Verses of the Elder Sugandha

24.

"Ordained for the rains, behold the excellence of the Teaching;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done."

... The elder Sugandha...

5.

Verses of the Elder Nandiya

25.

"Whose mind repeatedly goes to the light and fruition;

Having attacked such a monk, Dark One, you will come to suffering."

... The elder Nandiya...

6.

Verses of the Elder Abhaya

26.

"Having heard the well-spoken speech of the Buddha, the Kinsman of the Sun;

"I pierced the subtle, like an arrow through a hair-tip."

... The elder Abhaya...

7.

Verses of the Elder Lomasakaṅgiya

27.

"Dabbha grass, kusa grass, potakila grass, usīra grass, muñja grass and pabbaja grass;

I will push them aside with my chest, developing seclusion."

... The elder Lomasakaṅgiya...

8.

Verses of the Elder Jambugāmikaputta

28.

"Are you not devoted to clothing, are you not delighting in ornaments?

Are you not wearing the fragrance made of virtue, unlike other generations?"

... The elder Jambugāmikaputta...

9.

Verses of the Elder Hārita

29.

"Raise up yourself, like a fletcher an arrow shaft;

Having made the mind straight, break ignorance, Hārita!"

... The elder Hārita...

10.

Verses of the Elder Uttiya

30.

"When affliction arose in me, mindfulness arose in me;

"An affliction has arisen in me, it is not time for me to be negligent."

... The elder Uttiya...

The Third Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

The elder Nigrodha, Cittaka, the elder Gosāla, Sugandha;

Nandiya, the elder Abhaya, the elder Lomasakaṅgiya;

And Jambugāmika's son, Hārita and the sage Uttiya.

4.

The Fourth Chapter

1.

Verses of the Elder Gahvaratīriya

31.

"Touched by gadflies and mosquitoes, in a forest wilderness;

Like a bull elephant at the head of battle, mindful, one should endure there."

... The elder Gahvaratīriya...

2.

Verses of the Elder Suppiya

32.

"While aging towards the unaging, while burning towards quenching;

Having measured supreme peace, the unsurpassed security from bondage."

... The elder Suppiya...

3.

Verses of the Elder Sopāka

33.

"Just as one would be wholesome towards an only child, a dear one;

So towards all living beings, everywhere one should be wholesome."

... The elder Sopāka...

4.

Verses of the Elder Posiya

34.

"These are not close, thus one who understands always;

Having come from the village to the forest, then entered the house;

Then Posiya rose and departed, without taking leave."

... The elder Posiya...

5.

Verses of the Elder Sāmaññakāni

35.

"One seeking happiness obtains happiness practising thus, and gains fame and glory increases;

One who develops the noble eightfold straight path, the path for the attainment of the Deathless.

... Elder Sāmaññakāni...

6.

Verses of Elder Kumāputta

36.

"Good is learning, good is conduct, good is always dwelling without a fixed abode;

Asking about the goal is a righteous action, this is the life of an ascetic who owns nothing."

... Elder Kumāputta...

7.

Verses of Elder Kumāputta's Companion

37.

"They wander through various countries, unrestrained;

They fail in concentration, what can wandering in the country do?

Therefore, having removed rivalry, one should meditate without being honoured.

... The elder who was a friend of the elder Kumāputta...

8.

Verses of the Elder Gavampati

38.

"He who by spiritual power established Sarabhu, that Gavampati with sickle, unstirred;

That great sage who has gone beyond all bonds, deities pay homage to one who has gone beyond existence."

... The Elder Gavampati...

9.

Verses of the Elder Tissa

39.

"As if struck by a spear, as if burning on the head;

"For abandoning sensual lust, a mindful monk should wander forth."

... The Elder Tissa...

10.

Verses of the Elder Vaḍḍhamāna

40.

"As if struck by a spear, as if burning on the head;

For abandoning lust for existence, a mindful monk should wander forth."

... The elder Vaḍḍhamāna...

The Fourth Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Gahvaratīriya and Suppiya, and Sopāka and Posiya;

Sāmaññaka and Kumāputta, and Kumāputta's companion;

Gavampati and elder Tissa, and Vaḍḍhamāna of great fame.

5.

The Fifth Chapter

1.

Verses of the Elder Sirivaḍḍha

41.

"Lightning strikes through the openings of Vebhāra and Paṇḍava;

And gone to a mountain cave he meditates, the son of the Incomparable One, such a one."

... The elder Sirivaḍḍha...

2.

Verses of the Elder Khadiraniya

42.

"Cālā, Upacālā, Sīsūpacālā, are you dwelling mindfully?

The strainer has come to pierce you."

... The elder Khadiraniya...

3.

Verses of the Elder Sumaṅgala

43.

"Well freed indeed, well freed indeed, ah, I am well freed from three crooked things:

From sickles, from ploughs, and from little spades.

Even if it is just this, just this, then surely it is enough, it is enough;

"Meditate, Sumaṅgala, meditate, Sumaṅgala, dwell diligently, Sumaṅgala."

... The Elder Sumaṅgala...

4.

Verses of the Elder Sānu

44.

"Mother, they weep for one who is dead, or for one who lives but is not seen;

Mother, seeing me alive, why do you weep for me, mother?"

... The Elder Sānu...

5.

Verses of the Elder Ramaṇīyavihāri

45.

"Just as a thoroughbred horse, when stumbling stands up again;

So too one endowed with vision, a disciple of the Fully Enlightened One."

... The Elder Ramaṇīyavihāri...

6.

Verses of the Elder Samiddhi

46.

"Out of faith I went forth, from home into homelessness;

Mindfulness and wisdom have grown in me, and my mind is well concentrated;

Create forms as you wish, you will never afflict me."

... The elder Samiddhi...

7.

Verses of the Elder Ujjaya

47.

"Homage to you, O Buddha, hero you are, you are fully freed in every way;

Dwelling in your attribute, I dwell taintless."

... The elder Ujjaya...

8.

Verses of the Elder Sañjaya

48.

"Since I went forth from the household life into homelessness;

I do not recall any intention connected with hatred that is ignoble."

... The elder Sañjaya...

9.

Verses of the Elder Rāmaṇeyyaka

49.

"Among the chirping and twittering, and the sounds of shellfish;

My mind does not waver, for I delight in unity."

... The elder Rāmaṇeyya...

10.

Verses of the Elder Vimala

50.

"The earth is sprinkled and the wind blows, lightning moves across the sky;

My thoughts are stilled, my mind is well concentrated."

... The elder Vimala...

The Fifth Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Sirīvaḍḍha, the elder Revata, Sumaṅgala called Sānu;

The one who dwells pleasantly, and Samiddhi, Ujjaya, Sañjaya;

That elder Rāmaṇeyya, and Vimala who abandoned conflict.

6.

The Sixth Chapter

1.

Verses of the Elder Godhika

51.

"The deity rains as if singing sweetly, my hut is well-thatched, pleasant, sheltered from the wind;

And my mind is well concentrated, so if you wish, deity, you may rain."

... The elder Godhika...

2.

Verses of the Elder Subāhu

52.

"The deity rains as if singing sweetly, my hut is well-thatched, pleasant, sheltered from the wind;

My mind is well-concentrated in the body, so if you wish, deity, you may rain."

... The elder Subāhu...

3.

Verses of the Elder Valliya

53.

"The deity rains as if singing sweetly, my hut is well-thatched, pleasant, sheltered from the wind;

I dwell in it diligently, so if you wish, deity, you may rain."

... The elder Valliya...

4.

Verses of the Elder Uttiya

54.

"The deity rains as if singing sweetly, my hut is well-thatched, pleasant, sheltered from the wind;

I dwell in it alone, so if you wish, deity, you may rain."

... The elder Uttiya...

5.

Verses of the Elder Añjanavana

55.

"Having made a chair and a hut, having entered the Añjana forest;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done."

... The elder Añjanavani...

6.

Verses of the Elder Dwelling in a Hut

56.

"Who is the monk in the hut, in the hut, free from lust, well concentrated in mind;

Know thus, friend, your hut has not been made in vain."

... The elder Dwelling in a Hut...

7.

Verses of the Second Elder Dwelling in a Hut

57.

"This they say is an old hut, you desire another new hut;

Remove desire for a hut, monk, a new hut again is suffering."

... The Second Elder Dwelling in a Hut...

8.

Verses of the Elder with a Delightful Hut

58.

"Delightful is my hut, given in faith, enchanting;

I have no need for young women, women, go to those who have need of you."

... The elder with a delightful hut...

9.

Verses of the Elder Dwelling in Kosala

59.

"Out of faith I went forth, my hut was made in the forest;

And diligent and ardent, clearly comprehending and mindful."

... The Elder Dwelling in Kosala...

10.

Verses of the Elder Sīvali

60.

"Those intentions of mine succeeded, for which purpose I entered the hut;

I sought true knowledge and liberation, abandoning the underlying tendency to conceit."

... The Elder Sīvali...

The Sixth Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Godhika and Subāhu, Valliya, the sage Uttiya;

The elder from Añjanavana, two dwelling in huts;

One with a delightful hut, and Sīvali of Kosala.

7.

The Seventh Chapter

1.

Verses of the Elder Vappa

61.

"One who sees sees one who sees, and sees one who does not see;

Not seeing one who does not see, and one who sees one does not see."

... The elder Vappo...

2.

Verses of the Elder Vajjiputta

62.

"Alone we dwell in the forest, like a piece of wood cast away in the forest;

Many envy me for that, like those in hell envy those going to heaven."

... The elder Vajjiputta...

3.

Verses of the Elder Pakkha

63.

"Those who have passed away fall, having fallen they return, being greedy they come back again;

What was to be done has been done, delight has been delighted in, happiness has followed upon happiness."

... The elder Pakkha...

4.

Verses of the Elder Vimalakoṇḍañña

64.

"Born in Dumavhaya, born under the white banner;

By the banner itself, he destroyed the great banner."

... The elder Vimalakoṇḍañña...

5.

Verses of the Elder Ukkhepakatavaccha

65.

"Of Ukkhepakatavaccha, accumulated over many years;

He speaks that to householders, well seated, with sublime gladness."

... The elder Ukkhepakatavaccha...

6.

Verses of the Elder Meghiya

66.

"The great hero instructed me, gone beyond all teachings;

Having heard his Teaching, I dwelt near him mindfully;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done."

... The elder Meghiya...

7.

Verses of the Elder Ekadhammasavanīya

67.

"My defilements are burnt up, all existences are destroyed;

The round of births is destroyed, now there is no renewed existence."

... The elder who heard one Teaching...

8.

Verses of Elder Ekudāniya

68.

"For one of higher mind who is diligent, a sage training in the paths of wisdom;

For such a one there are no sorrows, who is peaceful and always mindful."

... Elder Ekudāniya...

9.

Verses of Elder Channa

69.

"Having heard the Teaching of great taste from the great one, taught by one with supreme knowledge of omniscience;

I entered upon the path for the attainment of the Deathless, skilled in the path of security from bondage."

... Elder Channa...

10.

Verses of Elder Puṇṇa

70.

"Virtuous behavior is supreme here, but one with wisdom is highest;

Among human beings and deities, victory comes from virtuous behavior and wisdom."

... The Elder Puṇṇa...

The Seventh Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Vappa and Vajjiputta, Pakkha and Vimalakoṇḍañña;

Ukkhepakatavaccha and Meghiya and Ekadhammika;

Ekudāniya and Channa, and the Elder Puṇṇa of great strength.

8.

The Eighth Chapter

1.

Verses of the Elder Vacchapāla

71.

"By one who sees subtle and refined meanings, who is skilled in the codes and of humble conduct;

Who has associated with those of mature virtue, for such a one Nibbāna is not hard to gain."

... The Elder Vacchapāla...

2.

Verses of the Elder Ātuma

72.

"Just as a bamboo shoot when fully grown at the top, is hard to bend due to its many branches;

Thus with my wife's consent, I am now gone forth."

... The elder Ātumo...

3.

Verses of the Elder Māṇava

73.

"Having seen the aged, the suffering and the sick, and having seen the dead gone to the end of life's term;

Then I departed and went forth, abandoning sensual pleasures that delight the mind."

... The elder Māṇava...

4.

Verses of the Elder Suyāmana

74.

"Sensual desire and ill will, sloth and torpor of a monk;

Restlessness and doubt, all these are not found in him."

... The elder Suyāmana...

5.

Verses of the Elder Susārada

75.

"Good is the sight of the well-disciplined, perplexity is cut off and wisdom increases;

"They make even a fool into a wise person, therefore good is the company of the good."

... The elder Susārada...

6.

Verses of the Elder Piyañjaha

76.

"When they rise up, descend; when they descend, rise up;

When they are uncontrolled, be controlled; when they delight, do not delight."

... The elder Piyañjaha...

7.

Verses of the Elder Hatthāroha's Son

77.

"Formerly this mind wandered where it wished, where it desired, as it pleased;

Today I shall thoroughly restrain it, as a mahout controls a rutting elephant."

... The elder Hatthāroha's Son...

8.

Verses of the Elder Meṇḍasira

78.

"Through many births in the round of rebirths, I wandered without finding;

For me who was born to suffering, the mass of suffering has failed."

... The elder Meṇḍasira...

9.

Verses of the Elder Rakkhita

79.

"All lust is abandoned by me, all hatred is eliminated;

All delusion has gone from me, I am cooled, quenched."

... Elder Rakkhita...

10.

Verses of Elder Ugga

80.

"Whatever action was done by me, whether little or much;

All of this is completely destroyed, now there is no renewed existence."

... Elder Ugga...

The Eighth Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Elder Vacchapāla, Ātuma the brahmin student, the sage;

Suyāmana, Susārada, and Elder Piyañjaha;

Ārohaputta, Meṇḍasira, and one named Ugga.

9.

The Ninth Chapter

1.

Verses of the Elder Samitigutta

81.

"Whatever evil was done by me in previous births;

It is to be experienced right here, there exists no other ground."

... The Elder Samitigutta...

2.

Verses of the Elder Kassapa

82.

"Wherever there is good alms, peaceful and free from fear;

Go there, dear son, do not be overcome by sorrow."

... The Elder Kassapa...

3.

Verses of the Elder Sīha

83.

"Dwell mindful like a lion, untiring day and night;

Develop wholesome Teaching, quickly abandon this body."

... The elder Sīha...

4.

Verses of the Elder Nīta

84.

"Having slept all night, delighting in society during the day;

When indeed will the foolish one make an end of suffering?"

... The elder Nīta...

5.

Verses of the Elder Sunāga

85.

"Skilled in the sign of mind, having known the taste of seclusion;

Meditating, alert and mindful, one would attain unworldly happiness."

... The elder Sunāga...

6.

Verses of the Elder Nāgita

86.

"Outside of this, among the many of other doctrines, there is no path leading to Nibbāna like this one;

Thus the Blessed One instructs the Community, the Teacher himself showing it as if in the palm of his hand."

... The elder Nāgita...

7.

Verses of the Elder Paviṭṭha

87.

"The aggregates have been seen as they really are, all existences have been shattered;

The round of births is destroyed, now there is no renewed existence."

... The elder Paviṭṭha...

8.

Verses of the Elder Ajjuna

88.

"I was indeed able to lift myself from water onto land;

Being carried along as if by a great flood, I penetrated the truths."

... The elder Ajjuna...

9. The Verses of the Elder Devasabha (First)

89.

"Crossed over the mud and mire, avoided the abyss;

Free from floods and knots, all conceits destroyed."

... The Elder Devasabha...

10.

The Verses of the Elder Sāmidatta

90.

"The five aggregates are fully understood, they remain with roots cut off;

The round of births is destroyed, now there is no renewed existence."

... The Elder Sāmidatta...

The Ninth Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

The Elder Samitigutta and Kassapa called Lion,

Nīta, Sunāga, Nāgita, Paviṭṭha, Ajjuna the sage;

And the Elder Devasabha, Sāmidatta of great strength.

10.

The Tenth Chapter

1.

Verses of the Elder Paripuṇṇaka

91.

"Not even a hundred flavours of food, however well prepared, which I ate today;

Is worth the Teaching taught by Gotama, the Enlightened One, who has seen the unlimited."

... The Elder Paripuṇṇaka...

2.

Verses of the Elder Vijaya

92.

"One whose taints are destroyed, who is not dependent on nutriment;

The void and the signless deliverance are his range;

Like birds in the sky, his track is hard to trace."

... The Elder Vijaya...

3.

Verses of the Elder Eraka

93.

"Sensual pleasures are suffering, Eraka, sensual pleasures are not happiness, Eraka;

Whoever desires sensual pleasures, desires suffering, Eraka;

Whoever does not desire sensual pleasures, does not desire suffering, Eraka."

... The elder Eraka...

4.

Verses of the Elder Mettajit

94.

"Homage indeed to that Blessed One, the glorious son of the Sakyans;

By him who has attained the highest, the highest Teaching was well taught."

... The elder Mettajit...

5.

Verses of the Elder Cakkhupāla

95.

"I am blind, my eyes destroyed, set out on a difficult course;

Even crawling I shall go, not with an evil companion."

... The elder Cakkhupāla...

6.

Verses of the Elder Khaṇḍasumana

96.

"Having offered just one flower, for eighty million years;

Having enjoyed myself in the heavens, with what remains I am quenched."

... The Elder Khaṇḍasumana...

7.

Verses of the Elder Tissa

97.

"Having abandoned a bronze bowl worth a hundred, and one of gold with a hundred lines,

I took an earthen bowl, this is the second consecration."

... The Elder Tissa...

8.

Verses of the Elder Abhaya

98.

"Having seen form, mindfulness is lost, attending to a pleasing sign;

With impassioned mind one feels, and remains holding to that;

His taints increase, leading to the root of existence."

... The elder Abhaya...

9.

Verses of the Elder Uttiya

99.

"Having heard a sound, mindfulness is lost, attending to a pleasing sign;

With impassioned mind one feels, and remains holding to that;

His taints increase, leading to the round of rebirths."

... The elder Uttiya...

10. Verses of the Elder Devasabha (Second)

100.

"Endowed with right striving, with establishment of mindfulness as resort;

Covered with the flower of liberation, the taintless one will attain final Nibbāna."

... The Elder Devasabha...

The Tenth Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Paripuṇṇaka and Victory, Eraka, Mettajī the sage;

Cakkhupāla, Khaṇḍasumana, and Tissa and Abhaya likewise;

And Uttiya of great wisdom, and the Elder Devasabha.

11.

The Eleventh Chapter

1.

Verses of the Elder Belaṭṭhānika

101.

"Having left the household life but unsatisfied, ploughing with his mouth, gluttonous and lazy;

Like a great pig fattened on fodder, the fool returns again and again to the womb."

... The Elder Belaṭṭhānika...

2.

Verses of the Elder Setuccha

102.

"Deceived by conceit, they are defiled among formations;

Shaken by gain and loss, they do not attain concentration."

... The elder Setuccha...

3.

Verses of the Elder Bandhura

103.

"I am not interested in that, happy and satisfied with the taste of the Teaching;

Having drunk the highest supreme taste, I will not make acquaintance with poison."

... The elder Bandhura...

4.

Verses of the Elder Khitaka

104.

"Indeed my body is light, touched by abundant rapture and happiness;

Like cotton blown by the wind, my body seems to float."

... The elder Khitaka...

5.

Verses of the Elder Malitavambha

105.

"Even when discontented one should not dwell, even when delighting one should depart;

A discerning one should never dwell in a dwelling connected with harm."

... The elder Malitavambha...

6.

Verses of the Elder Suhemanta

106.

"Of meaning with a hundred characteristics, bearing a hundred marks;

The unwise sees one factor, while the wise person sees a hundred."

... The Elder Suhemanta...

7.

Verses of the Elder Dhammasava

107.

"Having weighed it up, I went forth from the household life into homelessness;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done."

... The Elder Dhammasava...

8.

Verses of the Elder Dhammasava's Father

108.

"At one hundred and twenty years old, I went forth into homelessness;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done."

... The Elder Dhammasava's Father...

9.

Verses of the Elder Saṅgharakkhita

109.

"Surely this one, with highest compassion for welfare, gone to seclusion, does not examine the teaching;

For thus he lives with unguarded faculties, like a young deer in the forest."

... Elder Saṅgharakkhita...

10.

Verses of Elder Usabha

110.

"Dragons grow well on mountain peaks, sprinkled by fresh rain clouds;

For one who desires seclusion and perceives the forest, it generates even more virtue for the bull."

... Elder Usabha...

The Eleventh Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Belaṭṭhānika, Setuccha, Bandhura, sage Khitaka;

Malitavambha, Suhemanta, Dhammasava, father of Dhammasava;

Elder Saṅgharakkhita, and Usabha the great sage.

12.

The Twelfth Chapter

1.

Verses of Elder Jenta

111.

"Going forth is difficult indeed, hard to live away from home, the Teaching is profound, wealth is hard to achieve;

Living is difficult for us not in one way or another, it is fitting to reflect constantly on impermanence."

... Elder Jenta...

2.

Verses of the Elder Vacchagotta

112.

"I am one with the three true knowledges, a great meditator, skilled in the serenity of mind;

My own goal has been attained, the Buddha's Teaching has been done."

... The elder Vacchagotta...

3.

Verses of the Elder Vanavaccha

113.

"With clear waters and broad rocks, frequented by red deer and wild cattle;

Covered with water moss, those rocks delight me."

... The elder Vanavaccha...

4.

Verses of the Elder Adhimutta

114.

"For one weighed down by bodily inertia, when life is diminishing;

For one greedy for bodily pleasure, how can there be excellence of an ascetic?"

... The elder Adhimutta...

5.

Verses of the Elder Mahānāma

115.

"This you are surrounded by the mountain, with many mountain ebony and sal trees;

By the hunter's mountain, glorious with its covering."

... The elder Mahānāma...

6.

Verses of the Elder Pārāpariya

116.

"Having abandoned the six sense bases, guarded in the doors, well restrained;

Having vomited the root of misery, I attained the destruction of taints."

... The elder Pārāpariya...

7.

Verses of the Elder Yasa

117.

"Well anointed, well dressed, adorned with all ornaments;

I attained the three true knowledges, the Buddha's Teaching has been done."

... The elder Yasa...

8.

Verses of the Elder Kimila

118.

"Like one who is cursed it falls down, the air element changes form though it remains the same;

Even while being mindful and not separated, I remember myself as if another."

... The elder Kimila...

9.

Verses of the Elder Vajjiputta

119.

"Having gone to a secluded tree root, having placed Nibbāna in your heart;

"Meditate, Gotama, do not be heedless, what can your idle chatter do?"

... The elder Vajjiputta...

10.

Verses of the Elder Isidatta

120.

"The five aggregates are fully understood, they remain with roots cut off;

The destruction of suffering is attained, I attained the destruction of taints."

... The elder Isidatta...

The Twelfth Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Jenta and Vacchagotta, and Vaccha named after the forest;

Adhimutta, Mahānāma, Pārāpariya and also Yasa;

Kimila, Vajjiputta, Isidatta and one of great fame.

The Book of Ones is concluded.

Here is the summary:

One hundred and twenty elders, task done, taintless;

In the Book of Ones, well chanted by the seers.

2.

The Book of Twos

1.

The First Chapter

1.

Verses of Elder Uttara

121.

"There is no existence that is permanent, nor are formations eternal;

Those aggregates arise and pass away again and again.

122.

"Having known this danger, I am disinterested in existence;

Released from all sensual pleasures, I attained the destruction of taints."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Uttara speak these verses.

2.

Verses of the Elder Piṇḍolabhāradvāja

123.

"This life is not lived by a wrong course, food is not close to the heart;

The body is maintained by food," having seen thus, I live seeking.

124.

"For they declare it to be mud, this homage and veneration in families;

A subtle dart hard to extract, honour is difficult for a bad person to give up."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Piṇḍolabhāradvāja speak these verses.

3.

Verses of the Elder Valliya

125.

"A monkey having gone to a five-doored hut,

Goes around through the doors, knocking again and again.

126.

"Stop monkey, do not run, it is not for you as before;

You are restrained by wisdom, you will not go far."

... The elder Valliya...

4.

Verses of the Elder Living by the Ganges

127.

"From three palm leaves, on the bank of the Ganges my hut was made;

Like a corpse's is my bowl, and a rag-robe my robe.

128.

"During two rains retreats, one word I spoke;

In the third rains retreat, the mass of darkness was split open."

... The elder Living by the Ganges...

5.

Verses of the Elder Ajina

129.

"Even if one has the three true knowledges, has abandoned death, is taintless;

The foolish who do not know consider him unknown.

130.

"And when an individual here becomes one who gains food and drink;

Even if he is of evil nature, he becomes honoured by them."

... The Elder Ajina...

6.

Verses of the Elder Meḷajina

131.

"When I heard the Teaching from the Teacher speaking,

I do not directly know perplexity regarding the omniscient undefeated one.

132.

"Regarding the caravan leader, the great hero, supreme among charioteers;

In the path or in the way of practice, perplexity is not found in me."

... The Elder Meḷajina...

7.

Verses of the Elder Rādha

133.

"Just as rain penetrates a badly thatched house;

So lust penetrates an undeveloped mind.

134.

"Just as rain does not penetrate a well-thatched house;

So lust does not penetrate a well-developed mind."

... The Elder Rādha...

8.

Verses of the Elder Surādha

135.

"My birth is destroyed, the Teacher's Dispensation has been lived;

The reckoning as a net is abandoned, the cord of existence is destroyed.

136.

"For the purpose of which I went forth from the household life into homelessness;

That goal has been attained by me, the destruction of all fetters.

... The Elder Surādha...

9.

Verses of the Elder Gotama

137.

"Sages sleep happily, who are not bound to women;

Those who must always be guarded, in whom truth is very hard to find.

138.

"We have slain you, sensual pleasures, now we are free from debt to you;

We now go to Nibbāna, where having gone one does not sorrow."

... The Elder Gotama...

10.

Verses of the Elder Vasabha

139.

"First he kills himself, afterwards he kills others;

He kills himself well, like a bird with a snare.

140.

"A brahmin is not beautiful outside, for a brahmin is beautiful inside;

In whom there are evil actions, he indeed is dark, O Lord of Deities."

... The elder Vasabha...

The First Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Uttara and Piṇḍola, Valliya, Tīriya the sage;

Ajina and Meḷajina, Rādha, Surādha, Gotama;

With Vasabha these are the ten elders of great spiritual power.

2.

The Second Chapter

1.

Verses of the Elder Mahācunda

141.

"Willingness to listen increases learning, learning increases wisdom;

Through wisdom one knows the good, and known good brings happiness.

142.

"One should resort to remote lodgings, one should live for release from the fetters;

If one does not find delight there, one should dwell in the Community, self-guarded and mindful."

... The elder Mahācunda...

2.

Verses of the Elder Jotidāsa

143.

"Those who through twisted and diverse actions;

Oppress human beings, people of harsh conduct;

They too are affected right there, for action does not perish.

144.

"Whatever action a person does, whether good or evil;

Of that very action one becomes the heir, whatever action one performs."

... The elder Jotidāsa...

3.

Verses of the Elder Heraññakāni

145.

"Days and nights pass by, life comes to an end;

The life span of mortals is exhausted, like the water in small streams.

146.

"When doing evil actions, the fool does not understand;

Later it becomes bitter, for its result is evil."

... The elder Heraññakāni...

4.

Verses of the Elder Somamitta

147.

"Just as one would sink in the great ocean, having mounted a small piece of wood;

Even so, associating with a lazy person, one living well also sinks;

Therefore one should avoid that lazy person of low energy.

148.

With the secluded noble ones, the resolute meditators;

Always with those of stirred up energy, with the wise ones one should dwell."

... Elder Sommitta...

5.

Verses of Elder Sabbamitta

149.

"A person is bound to people, a person depends on people;

A person is harmed by people, and a person harms people.

150.

"What use are people to him, or those born of people?

Leaving people behind, I go, having harmed many people."

... Elder Sabbamitta...

6.

Verses of Elder Mahākāḷa

151.

"A black woman, tall, of crow-like form, breaking one thigh and then another thigh;

Breaking one arm and then another arm, and breaking the head like a bowl of curds;

She sits having concentrated.

152.

"One who is ignorant creates acquisition, the fool comes upon suffering again and again;

Therefore, understanding one should not create acquisition, lest I lie again with a broken head."

... The Elder Mahākāḷa...

7.

Verses of the Elder Tissa

153.

"One gets many enemies, with shaven head, wearing an outer robe;

I am a receiver of food and drink, clothing and bedding.

154.

"Having known thus the danger, great peril in honours;

With little gain, uncorrupted, a mindful monk should wander forth."

... The Elder Tissa...

8.

Verses of the Elder Kimila

155.

"In the Eastern Bamboo Grove, companions of the son of the Sakyans;

Having abandoned no small wealth, delighting in what comes to the bowl through gleaning.

156.

"Of aroused energy, resolute, constantly of firm exertion;

They delight in the delight of the Teaching, having abandoned worldly delight."

... The elder Kimila...

9.

Verses of the Elder Nanda

157.

"Through unwise attention, I pursued adornment;

I was agitated and fickle, afflicted with sensual lust.

158.

"Through the Buddha, kinsman of the sun, skilled in engagement;

Having practised carefully, I uprooted the mind from existence."

... The elder Nanda...

10.

Verses of the Elder Sirima

159.

"Others praise one, if oneself is unconcentrated;

In vain do others praise, for oneself is unconcentrated.

160.

"Others blame one, if oneself is well concentrated;

In vain do others blame, for oneself is well concentrated."

... The elder Sirima...

The Second Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Cunda and Jotidāsa, and the Elder and Heraññakāni;

Somamitto and Sabbamitto, Kāla and Tissa and Kimila;

And Nanda and Sirimā, these are the ten elders of great spiritual power.

3.

The Third Chapter

1.

Verses of Elder Uttara

161.

"The aggregates have been fully understood by me, my craving has been well removed;

I have developed the enlightenment factors, I attained the destruction of taints.

162.

"Having fully understood the aggregates, having pulled out the net;

Having developed the enlightenment factors, I will attain nibbāna, taintless."

... The elder Uttara...

2.

Verses of the Elder Bhaddajit

163.

"There was a king named Panāda, whose sacrificial post was golden;

Sixteen cubits across, they say it rose up a thousand-fold.

164.

"With a thousand sections and a hundred knots, with flags, made of green gems;

Six thousand deities in seven groups danced there."

... The elder Bhaddajit...

3.

Verses of the Elder Sobhita

165.

"A mindful and wise monk, with energy and strength aroused;

I recollected five hundred aeons in a single night.

166.

"Developing the four foundations of mindfulness, and seven and eight;

I recollected five hundred aeons in a single night."

... The elder Sobhita...

4.

Verses of the Elder Valliya

167.

"What should be done with firm energy, what should be done by one wishing to understand;

I will act and not fail, see the energy and exertion.

168.

"And you explain to me the path, the direct way grounded upon the Deathless;

I will be sage-like through sageship, like the Ganges stream to the ocean."

... The elder Valliya...

5.

Verses of Elder Vītasoka

169.

"The barber came to shave my hair;

Then taking up a mirror, I examined the body.

170.

"The hollow body was seen, darkness and gloom departed;

All wrappings are cut off, now there is no renewed existence."

... The elder Vītasoka...

6.

Verses of Elder Puṇṇamāsa

171.

"Having abandoned the five hindrances, for the attainment of security from bondage;

Taking up the mirror of the Teaching, and the knowledge-vision of oneself.

172.

"I examined this body, all inside and out;

Internally and externally, the body was seen as hollow."

... The elder Puṇṇamāsa...

7.

Verses of the Elder Nandaka

173.

"Just as a thoroughbred horse, when stumbling stands up again;

Having gained even more sense of urgency, undaunted it carries the burden.

174.

"So too one endowed with vision, a disciple of the Fully Enlightened One;

"Know me as a thoroughbred, a son born of the Enlightened One's breast."

... Elder Nandaka...

8.

Verses of Elder Bharata

175.

"Come Nandaka, let us go to the presence of our preceptor;

We shall roar the lion's roar in front of the supreme Buddha.

176.

"Out of that compassion for us, the sage ordained us;

That goal has been attained by us, the destruction of all fetters."

... Elder Bharata...

9.

Verses of Elder Bhāradvāja

177.

"Thus do the wise roar, like lions in mountain caves;

Heroes who have won the battle, having conquered Māra with his army.

178.

"The Teacher has been attended by me, the Teaching and Community have been honoured;

And I am prosperous and happy, seeing my son who is taintless."

... The elder Bhāradvāja...

10.

Verses of the Elder Kaṇhadinna

179.

"Superior persons have been attended, teachings have been heard repeatedly;

Having heard, I will practise the direct path grounded upon the Deathless.

180.

"When I had been overcome by lust for existence, now lust for existence is not found in me;

It never was and it will not be mine, and it is not found in me now."

... The elder Kaṇhadinna...

The Third Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Elder Uttara Bhaddajit, Sobhita, Valliya the sage;

And the Elder Vītasoka, Puṇṇamāsa and Nandaka;

Bharata and Bhāradvāja, Kaṇhadinna the great sage.

4.

The Fourth Chapter

1.

Verses of Elder Migasira

181.

"Since I went forth in the Dispensation of the Fully Enlightened One;

Being liberated I rose up, I transcended the sensual realm.

182.

"While Brahmā was watching, then my mind was liberated;

'Unshakable is my liberation', with the destruction of all fetters."

... The elder Migasira...

2.

Verses of the Elder Sivaka

183.

"Houses are impermanent, here and there repeatedly;

While seeking the house-builder; painful is birth again and again.

184.

"House-builder, you are seen! You will not build a house again;

All your rafters are broken, and the ridge-pole is split;

The mind made boundless will be destroyed right here."

... The elder Sivaka...

3.

Verses of the Elder Upavāṇa

185.

"The Arahant, the Fortunate One in the world, the sage is afflicted by winds;

If you have warm water, brahmin, give it to the sage.

186.

"Venerated by those worthy of veneration, honoured by those worthy of honour;

Respected by those worthy of respect, for him I wish to take away."

... The elder Upavāṇa...

4.

Verses of the Elder Isidinna

187.

"I have seen male lay followers who uphold the Teaching, saying 'sensual pleasures are impermanent';

Far stronger is their infatuation with jewels and earrings, and the longing for children and wives.

188.

"Truly they do not understand the Teaching as it is, though they say 'sensual pleasures are impermanent';

They have no strength to cut off their lust, therefore they cling to children, wives and wealth."

... The elder Isidinna...

5.

Verses of the Elder Sambulakaccāna

189.

"The sky rains, the sky thunders,

Alone I dwell in a fearsome cave;

As I dwell alone in a fearsome cave,

There is no fear, trepidation, or terror.

190.

"This is my nature, who dwelling alone in a fearsome cave;

There is no fear, trepidation, or terror."

... The elder Sambulakaccāna...

6.

Verses of the Elder Nitaka

191.

"Whose mind is like a rock, stable, does not waver;

Dispassionate towards things that arouse passion, does not become angry at things that provoke anger;

When one's mind is developed thus, from where will suffering come to one.

192.

"My mind is like a rock, stable, does not waver;

Dispassionate towards things that arouse passion, does not become angry at things that provoke anger;

When my mind is developed thus, from where will suffering come to me?"

... The elder Nitaka...

7.

Verses of the Elder Soṇapoṭiriya

193.

"The night adorned with stars is not yet for sleeping;

This night is for keeping watch by one who understands.

194.

"If an elephant were to trample one fallen from an elephant's back;

Better for me to die in battle than to live defeated."

... The Elder Soṇa Poṭiriya ...

8.

Verses of Elder Nisabha

195.

Having abandoned the five cords of sensual pleasure, dear and delightful to the mind;

Having gone forth from home out of faith, be one who makes an end of suffering.

196.

"I do not seek delight in death, I do not seek delight in life;

I await my time, clearly comprehending and mindful."

... The Elder Nisabha...

9.

Verses of Elder Usabha

197.

"Having placed on my shoulder the robe, the colour of young mango leaves;

Seated on the elephant's neck, I entered the village for alms.

198.

"Having descended from the elephant's back, I gained a sense of urgency then;

Being thus enlightened then, I attained the destruction of taints."

... Elder Usabha...

10.

Verses of Elder Kappaṭakura

199.

"This Kappaṭa, Kappaṭakura, with a very heavy drowsiness;

Intoxicated with the nectar pot of the Teaching, having made his mark to enter the meditative absorptions.

200.

"Do not nod, Kappaṭa, lest I strike you near the ear;

For you do not know the measure, Kappaṭa, while nodding in the midst of the Community."

... The elder Kappaṭakura...

The Fourth Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Migasira and Sivaka, and the wise Upavāna;

And Isidinna and Kaccāna, Nitaka of great control;

Poṭiriya's son Nisabha, Usabha and Kappaṭakura.

5.

The Fifth Chapter

1.

Verses of the Elder Kumārakassapa

201.

"Oh, the Buddhas! Oh, the Teachings! Oh, the perfection of our Teacher!

Where such a Teaching, a disciple has realized."

202.

"In incalculable aeons, I had attained personal existence;

This is their final existence, this is their last body;

The round of birth and death, now there is no renewed existence."

... The Elder Kumārakassapa...

2.

Verses of the Elder Dhammapāla

203.

"When indeed a young monk applies himself to the Buddha's teaching;

He who is vigilant in learning, that one's life is not in vain.

204.

"Therefore faith and virtue, confidence and vision of the Teaching;

The wise should pursue, remembering the Buddha's Dispensation."

... The elder Dhammapāla...

3.

Verses of the Elder Brahmāli

205.

"Whose faculties are stilled, like horses well tamed by the charioteer;

Who has abandoned conceit and is taintless - even deities envy such a one."

206.

"My faculties are stilled, like horses well tamed by the charioteer;

Having abandoned conceit and being taintless - even deities envy one such as me."

... The elder Brahmāli...

4.

Verses of the Elder Mogharāja

207.

"Ugly in appearance but beautiful in mind, Mogharāja is always concentrated;

"In the wintry cold nights, monk, what will you do?"

208.

"The Magadhan fields are abundant with harvest, so I have heard;

I will make my bed covered with straw, just like other happy living beings."

... The elder Mogharāja...

5.

Verses of the Elder Visākha, Son of Pañcāla

209.

"One should neither exalt nor disparage others, should not reproach one who has gone beyond, should not speak praise in assemblies;

unagitated, speaking measuredly, of good conduct.

210.

"By one who sees subtle and refined meanings, who is skilled in the codes and of humble conduct;

Who has associated with those of mature virtue, for such a one Nibbāna is not hard to gain."

... The elder Visākha Pañcālaputta...

6.

Verses of the Elder Cūḷaka

211.

"The peacocks cry with beautiful crests and beautiful tail-feathers, with beautiful blue necks, beautiful faces and beautiful calls;

This great earth too has beautiful grass, and the sky has well-spread waters and beautiful clouds.

212.

"For one meditating with a good mind, the form is beautifully pliant, with good endeavour in the good Buddha's Dispensation;

Touch that supreme deathless state - pure white, subtle and very hard to see."

... The elder Cūḷaka...

7.

Verses of the Elder Anūpama

213.

"The mind delighting in the future, conceiving conceit like a stake;

You go in whatever direction, where the stake is like a log.

214.

"I declare you to be a deceiver of the mind, I declare you to be a betrayer of the mind;

Having gained a Teacher who is hard to find, do not engage me in the purpose of conceit."

... The elder Anūpama...

8.

Verses of the Elder Vajjita

215.

"Wandering for a long course, I revolved through destinations;

Not seeing the noble truths, a worldling who was blind.

216.

"Being diligent, I have made the rounds of births powerless;

All destinations are cut off, now there is no renewed existence."

... The elder Vajjita...

9.

Verses of the Elder Sandhita

217.

"At the fig tree with green light, at the well-grown tree;

I gained one perception of the Enlightened One, being mindful.

218.

"Thirty-one aeons ago from now, when I gained that perception;

Through the power of that perception, I attained the destruction of taints."

... The elder Sandhita...

The Fifth Chapter is concluded.

Here is its summary -

Kumārakassapa the elder, and Dhammapāla and Brahmāli;

Mogharāja and Visākha, and Cūḷaka the incomparable;

Vajjita and Sandhita the elder, and the remover of the dust of defilements.

The Book of Twos is concluded.

Here is the summary:

In the Book of Two Verses, there are ninety-eight

Elders, forty-nine, skilled in method, have spoken.

3.

The Book of Threes

1.

Verses of Elder Aṅgaṇika Bhāradvāja

219.

"Seeking purity wrongly, I tended the fire in the forest;

Not knowing the path of purity, I practised immortal austerity.

220.

"That happiness through happiness obtained, see the true nature of the Teaching;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done.

221.

"Formerly I was a brahmin's kinsman, now indeed I am a true brahmin;

"I am one of triple knowledge, a ritual bather, a true brahmin and a master of knowledge."

... The elder Angaṇika Bhāradvāja...

2.

Verses of the Elder Paccaya

222.

"Five days had I been gone forth, a trainee with mind not yet attained,

Having entered my dwelling, there was a wish in my mind.

223.

'I will not eat, I will not drink, I will not leave the dwelling;

I will not bow down while seeing, when the dart of craving is not removed.

224.

"As I dwell thus, see my energy and exertion;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done."

... The elder Paccaya...

3.

Verses of the Elder Bākula

225.

"One who wishes to do later, what should have been done before;

Falls away from the state of happiness, and later regrets.

226.

"One should say what one would do, one should not say what one would not do;

The wise understand those who speak without doing.

227.

"How truly happy is Nibbāna, taught by the Perfectly Enlightened One;

Sorrowless, stainless, secure, where suffering ceases."

... The elder Bākula...

4.

Verses of the Elder Dhaniya

228.

"If one wishes to live happily, longing for the ascetic life;

One should not be arrogant about the Community's robes, drink and food.

229.

"If one wishes to live happily, longing for the ascetic life;

One should resort to lodging like a snake to a mouse-hole.

230.

"If one wishes to live happily, longing for the ascetic life;

One should be content with whatever comes, and develop one state."

... The elder Dhaniya...

5.

Verses of the Elder Mātaṅgaputta

231.

'It's too cold, it's too hot, it's too late,' they say;

Thus abandoning their work, opportunities pass these young men by.

232.

"One who here does not conceive cold and heat as more than grass;

Doing the duties of a person, does not forsake happiness.

233.

"Dabbha grass, kusa grass, potakila grass, usīra grass, muñja grass and pabbaja grass;

I will push them aside with my chest, developing seclusion."

... The Elder Mātaṅgaputta...

6.

Verses of the Elder Khujjasobhita

234.

"Those brilliant speakers and learned ones, ascetics dwelling in Pāṭaliputta;

Among them is this young one, Khujjasobhita standing at the door.

235.

"Those brilliant speakers and learned ones, ascetics dwelling in Pāṭaliputta;

Among them is this young one, moved by the wind standing at the door.

236.

"By good fighting, by good sacrifice, and by victory in battle;

By practising the holy life, thus this one increases in happiness."

... The elder Khujjasobhita...

7.

Verses of the Elder Vāraṇa

237.

"Whoever here among human beings harms other living beings;

From this world and the next, from both, a person falls away.

238.

"And one who with a mind of loving-kindness has compassion for all living beings;

Such a person generates much merit.

239.

"One should train in what is well spoken, and in attending upon ascetics;

Of sitting alone, and of the subsiding of mind."

... The elder Vāraṇa...

8.

Verses of the Elder Vassika

240.

"Even one wise person with faith, among faithless relatives here;

Standing in the Teaching, endowed with virtue, becomes beneficial to relatives.

241.

"Out of compassion having restrained them, my relatives were urged by me;

Through affection for relatives and kin, having shown respect to monks.

242.

"They have passed away and died, they have attained the happiness of heaven;

"My brothers and mother, desiring sensual pleasures, rejoice."

... The elder Vassika...

9.

Verses of the Elder Yasoja

243.

"Like a black snake in appearance, thin, covered with veins;

Being moderate in food and drink, a person with an undejected mind."

244.

"Touched by gadflies and mosquitoes, in a forest wilderness;

Like an elephant at the head of battle, mindfully one should endure there.

245.

"As a brahmā, so is one alone; as a deity, so are two;

As a village, so are three; more than that is noise."

... The elder Yasoja...

10.

Verses of the Elder Sāṭimattiya

246.

"You had faith before, that is not found in you today;

What is yours is just yours, there is no misconduct of mine.

247.

"Sounds are impermanent and unstable, thus have I seen it;

They delight and fade away, what ages there, sage?

248.

"The sage's meal is cooked, little by little in each family;

I will walk for alms, I have strength in my legs."

... Elder Sāṭimattiya...

11.

Verses of Elder Upāli

249.

"Having gone forth with faith, newly ordained and new;

One should associate with good friends, of pure livelihood and diligent.

250.

"Having gone forth with faith, newly ordained and new;

A monk dwelling in the Community should train wisely in the discipline.

251.

"Having gone forth with faith, newly ordained and new;

Skilled in what is wholesome and unwholesome, one should live without being honoured."

... Elder Upāli...

12.

Verses of the Elder Uttarapāla

252.

"Though I was wise indeed, reflecting well on the goal;

The five cords of sensual pleasure in the world, through delusion made me fall.

253.

"Having plunged into Māra's domain, pierced by a strong dart;

I was able to free myself from the snare of the King of Death.

254.

"All sensual pleasures are abandoned by me, all existences are shattered;

The round of births is destroyed, now there is no renewed existence."

... The elder Uttarapāla...

13.

Verses of the Elder Abhibhūta

255.

"Listen all you relatives, all who have gathered here;

I will teach you the Teaching, painful is birth again and again.

256.

"Arouse your energy, strive forth, engage in the Buddha's Dispensation;

Shake off Death's army, as an elephant a hut of reeds.

257.

"Whoever lives diligently in this Teaching and discipline;

Having abandoned birth and the round of rebirths, he will make an end of suffering."

... The Elder Abhibhūta...

14.

Verses of the Elder Gotama

258.

"Wandering in saṃsāra I went to hell, and to the realm of ghosts again and again;

And suffering in the animal realm, I lived in many ways for a long time.

259.

"I also attained human existence, and from time to time went to the company of deities in heaven;

In the form realms and formless realms, I dwelt among those with perception and without perception.

260.

"Origins are well understood as essenceless, conditioned, wavering, and impelled;

Having known this, the origin of I-making, being mindful I attained peace."

... The Elder Gotama...

15.

Verses of the Elder Hārita

261.

"One who wishes to do later, what should have been done before;

Falls away from the state of happiness, and later regrets.

262.

"One should say what one would do, one should not say what one would not do;

The wise understand those who speak without doing.

263.

"How truly happy is Nibbāna, taught by the Perfectly Enlightened One;

Sorrowless, stainless, secure, where suffering ceases."

... The elder Hārita...

16.

Verses of the Elder Vimala

264.

"Having avoided evil friends, one should associate with the highest person;

And one should remain in his exhortation, aspiring for unshakeable happiness.

265.

"Just as one would sink in the great ocean, having mounted a small piece of wood;

Even so, associating with a lazy person, one living well also sinks;

Therefore one should avoid that lazy person of low energy.

266.

With the secluded noble ones, the resolute meditators;

Always with those of stirred up energy, with the wise ones one should dwell."

... The elder Vimala...

The Book of Threes is concluded.

Here is the summary:

Aṅgaṇika and Bhāradvāja, support and the sage Bākula;

Dhaniya and Mātaṅgaputta, Sobhita and the sage Vāraṇa.

And Vassika and Yasoja, and Sāṭimattiya and Upāli;

Uttarapāla was an overlord, and Gotama was of Hārita.

The elder in the Book of Threes, was made stainless in Nibbāna;

Forty-eight verses, by sixteen elders are proclaimed.

4.

The Book of Fours

1.

Verses of the Elder Nāgasamāla

267.

"Well adorned and well dressed, wearing garlands, smeared with sandalwood paste;

In the middle of the highway a woman, a dancer dances to music.

268.

"Having entered for alms, going I saw her;

Well adorned and well dressed, like a snare of death laid out.

269.

"Then careful attention arose in me;

The danger became manifest, disenchantment was established.

270.

"Then my mind was liberated, see the excellence of the Teaching;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done."

... The elder Nāgasamāla...

2.

Verses of the Elder Bhagu

271.

"Overcome by torpor, I went out from the dwelling;

Climbing up the walking path, right there I fell to the ground.

272.

"Having rubbed my limbs, having climbed the walking path again;

I walked up and down on the walking path, internally well concentrated.

273.

"Then careful attention arose in me;

The danger became manifest, disenchantment was established.

274.

"Then my mind was liberated, see the excellence of the Teaching;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done."

... Elder Bhagu...

3.

Verses of Elder Sabhiya

275.

"Others do not understand that we here are perishing;

Those here who do understand - through that their conflicts are stilled.

276.

"When those who do not understand, behave as if immortal;

But those who understand the Teaching, are healthy among the sick.

277.

Any lax action and any corrupted observance;

A dubious spiritual life does not yield great fruit.

278.

"For one who has no reverence for fellow spiritual practitioners;

One is far from the true Teaching, as the sky is from the earth."

... The Elder Sabhiya...

4.

Verses of the Elder Nandaka

279.

"Cursed be this foul-smelling body, corrupted, in Māra's faction;

Nine streams in your body, which are always flowing.

280.

"Do not conceive the old way, do not offend against the Truth Finder;

Even in heaven they do not lust, how much less in the human realm.

281.

"But those who are foolish and unwise, of evil mind, wrapped in delusion;

Such ones lust therein, in the bondage cast by Māra.

282.

"Those in whom lust and hatred and ignorance have faded away;

Such ones do not lust therein, with fetters cut, without bondage."

... Elder Nandaka...

5.

Verses of Elder Jambuka

283.

"For fifty-five years, I wore dust and dirt;

Eating once a month, not cutting hair and beard.

284.

"I stood on one foot, avoided using seats;

I ate dried excrement, and did not accept the synopsis.

285.

"Having done such action, much leading to bad destinations;

Being carried away by a great flood, I went for refuge to the Buddha.

286.

"See my going for refuge, see the excellence of the Teaching;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done."

... The elder Jambuka...

6.

Verses of the Elder Senaka

287.

"It was indeed a good coming for me, at Gayā during the Gayā-Phaggu festival;

For I saw the Enlightened One, teaching the supreme Teaching.

288.

"The guide with great radiance, teacher of groups, attained to the highest;

For the world with its deities, the victor of incomparable vision.

289.

"The great dragon, the great hero, of great brilliance and taintless;

With all taints destroyed, the teacher who knows no fear from anywhere.

290.

"Indeed I was long defiled, bound by the bond of views;

The Blessed One freed me, from all knots, O Senaka."

... The Elder Senaka...

7.

Verses of the Elder Sambhūta

291.

"One who hurries when one should be slow, and is slow when one should hurry;

Through unwise arrangement, the fool meets with suffering.

292.

"His benefits diminish, like the moon in the dark fortnight;

He gains dishonour, and conflicts with friends.

293.

"One who is slow when slowness is needed, and quick when quickness is required;

Through wise arrangement, the wise person attains happiness.

294.

"His benefits reach fulfilment, like the moon in the bright fortnight;

He gains fame and glory, and does not conflict with friends."

... The elder Sambhūta...

8.

Verses of the Elder Rāhula

295.

"Accomplished in both ways, they knew me as Rāhula the Fortunate;

For I am both the son of the Enlightened One, and one with vision regarding the teachings.

296.

"Since my taints are destroyed, since there is no renewed existence for me;

I am an Arahant worthy of offerings, of triple knowledge, who has seen the Deathless.

297.

"Blind with sensual pleasure, covered by a net;

Veiled by the covering of craving, bound by the bond of heedlessness, like fish at the mouth of a trap.

298.

"Having cast off that sensual pleasure, having cut Māra's bondage;

Having pulled out craving with its root, I am cooled, quenched."

... The elder Rāhula...

9.

Verses of the Elder Candana

299.

"Covered with gold, preceded by a group of slave-women;

Carrying our child in her arms, my wife came to me.

300.

"And seeing her coming, the mother of my own son;

Well adorned and well dressed, like a snare of death laid out.

301.

"Then careful attention arose in me;

The danger became manifest, disenchantment was established.

302.

"Then my mind was liberated, see the excellence of the Teaching;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done."

... The elder Candana...

10.

Verses of the Elder Dhammika

303.

"The Teaching truly protects one who lives by the Teaching, the Teaching well-practised brings happiness;

This is the benefit of the Teaching well-practised, one who lives by the Teaching does not go to a bad destination.

304.

"For the Teaching and non-teaching do not have equal results;

Non-teaching leads to hell, the Teaching leads to a good destination.

305.

"Therefore one should have desire for the teachings, thus rejoicing in the Such-like Fortunate One;

Established in the Teaching, the disciples of the best Sublime One, the wise are led as they go to the best refuge.

306.

"The root of the boil has burst open, the net of craving is destroyed;

He has ended the round of births, there is nothing for him,

Like the moon on a bright full-moon night."

... The elder Dhammika...

11.

Verses of the Elder Sappa

307.

"When white herons with pure white wings, frightened by fear of a dark cloud;

The seeker of shelter flees to shelter, then the river Ajakaraṇī delights me.

308.

"When pure white herons, frightened by fear of a dark cloud;

The one seeking refuge searches for refuge, then the river Ajakaraṇī delights me.

309.

"Who indeed is not delighted there, with rose-apple trees on both sides;

They beautify the riverbank, behind my shelter.

310.

"They who have fully abandoned the intoxication of pride,

The frogs make their gentle croaking sound;

'Today is not the time to be away from the mountain streams,

Secure, free from conflict, peaceful and delightful.

... Elder Sappaka...

12.

Verses of Elder Mudita

311.

"I went forth for the sake of livelihood, having received higher ordination;

Then I gained faith, with firm energy I exerted myself.

312.

"Let this body break up, let the lumps of flesh dissolve;

From both knee joints, let my legs flee.

313.

"I will not eat, I will not drink, I will not leave the dwelling;

I will not bow down while seeing, when the dart of craving is not removed.

314.

"As I dwell thus, see my energy and exertion;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done."

... The elder Mudita...

The Book of Fours is concluded.

Here is the summary:

Nāgasamāla and Bhagu, and Sabhiya and Nandaka too;

Jambuka, the elder Senaka, Sambhūta and Rāhula too.

The elder Candana becomes, these ten are disciples of the Enlightened One;

The righteous elder Sappaka, and Mudita these three;

Fifty-two verses, and all these thirteen elders.

5.

The Book of Fives

1.

Verses of the Elder Rājadatta

315.

"A monk went to the charnel ground, and saw a woman cast aside;

Cast away in the charnel ground, eaten and covered with worms.

316.

"What others find disgusting, having seen an evil corpse;

Sensual lust arose in me, I was like a blind man flowing along.

317.

"Before the rice was cooked, I left from that place;

Mindful and clearly comprehending, I sat down to one side.

318.

"Then careful attention arose in me;

The danger became manifest, disenchantment was established.

319.

"Then my mind was liberated, see the excellence of the Teaching;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done."

... The elder Rājadatta...

2.

Verses of the Elder Subhūta

320.

"A person who desires work, exerting oneself in what is not exertion;

If wandering one does not attain it, 'That is a sign of my misfortune'.

321.

"If one were to let go of what has been drawn out, gone to misery, and conquered, one would be like a loser;

If one were to let go of all, one would be like a blind person, from not seeing what is righteous and unrighteous.

322.

"One should say what one would do, one should not say what one would not do;

The wise understand those who speak without doing.

323.

"Just as a beautiful flower, with beauty but without fragrance;

Even so well-spoken speech is fruitless for one who does not act.

324.

"Just as a beautiful flower, with beauty and sweet fragrance;

Even so well-spoken speech is fruitful for one who acts."

... The Elder Subhūta...

3.

Verses of the Elder Girimānanda

325.

"The deity rains as if singing sweetly, my hut is well-thatched, pleasant, sheltered from the wind;

I dwell in it at peace, so if you wish, deity, you may rain.

326.

"The deity rains as if singing sweetly, my hut is well-thatched, pleasant, sheltered from the wind;

I dwell in it with peaceful mind, so if you wish, deity, you may rain.

327.

"It rains...etc... I dwell in it devoid of lust...etc...

328.

"It rains...etc... I dwell in it devoid of hatred...etc...

329.

"It rains...etc... I dwell in it devoid of delusion;

So if you wish, deity, you may rain."

... The elder Girimānanda...

4.

Verses of the Elder Sumana

330.

"What I was wishing for in the teachings, the preceptor helped me with;

Aspiring for the Deathless, I have done what had to be done.

331.

"The Teaching has been attained and realized, directly, not from hearsay;

With purified knowledge, free from perplexity, I declare in your presence.

332.

"I know my past lives, the divine eye is purified;

My own goal has been attained, the Buddha's Teaching has been done.

333.

"Being diligent, the training has been well learned in your Dispensation;

All my taints are destroyed, now there is no renewed existence.

334.

"He instructed me with noble observances, was compassionate and helped me;

Your exhortation was not in vain, I am a trained pupil."

... Elder Sumana...

5.

Verses of Elder Vaḍḍha

335.

"Indeed it was good that my mother showed me the goad;

Having heard her word, instructed by my mother;

Of aroused energy, resolute, I attained supreme enlightenment.

336.

"I am an Arahant worthy of offerings, of triple knowledge, who has seen the Deathless;

Having conquered Namuci's army, I dwell taintless.

337.

"Internally and externally, whatever taints were found in me;

All without remainder are cut off, and they do not arise again.

338.

"Confident indeed, sister, you spoke this meaning;

'Surely you have no longing for me, no craving is found in you'.

339.

"Suffering has been brought to its end, this is the final body;

The round of birth and death, now there is no renewed existence."

... The elder Vaḍḍha...

6.

Verses of the Elder Nadīkassapa

340.

"For my benefit indeed the Enlightened One came to the river Nerañjarā;

Having heard his Teaching, I abandoned wrong view.

341.

"I sacrificed various sacrifices, I offered the fire sacrifice;

Thinking 'This is purity', a worldling who was blind.

342.

"Plunging into the thicket of views, deluded by grasping;

I considered impurity as purity, blind and unwise.

343.

"Wrong view is abandoned by me, all existences are shattered;

I offer the fire worthy of gifts, I pay homage to the Truth Finder.

344.

"All delusions are abandoned by me, craving for existence is shattered;

The round of births is destroyed, now there is no renewed existence."

... The Elder Nadīkassapa...

7.

Verses of the Elder Gayākassapa

345.

"Morning, noon and evening, three times a day I;

I descended into the water at Gayā during the Gayā-Phaggu festival.

346.

"Whatever evil was done by me in previous births;

Now I wash it away here," such was my view formerly.

347.

"Having heard the well-spoken speech, a passage connected with the Teaching and the good;

I carefully examined the actual and real meaning;

348.

"I am washed of all evil, stainless, pure, clean;

Pure, heir of the Pure One, a son born of the Enlightened One's breast.

349.

"Having plunged into the stream of eight factors, I washed away all evil;

I attained the three true knowledges, the Buddha's Teaching has been done."

... The Elder Gayākassapa...

8.

Verses of the Elder Vakkali

350.

"Afflicted by a wind disease, dwelling in the woodland forest;

Entering a rough resort, how will you manage, monk?

351.

"With abundant rapture and happiness, pervading my body;

Enduring even what is rough, I shall dwell in the forest.

352.

"Developing the establishments of mindfulness, the faculties and powers;

And developing the enlightenment factors, I shall dwell in the forest.

353.

"Of aroused energy, resolute, constantly of firm exertion;

Having seen those in concord and united, I shall dwell in the forest.

354.

"Recollecting the Enlightened One, foremost, tamed and concentrated;

Untiring day and night, I shall dwell in the forest."

... Elder Vakkali...

9.

Verses of Elder Vijitasena

355.

"I shall restrain you, mind, like an elephant at a small gate;

I shall not engage you in evil, net of sensual pleasure born of the body.

356.

"When restrained you shall not go, like an elephant not finding a gate opening;

And you shall not, evil-minded one, again and again roam about delighting in evil.

357.

"Just as a strong elephant-driver with a newly taken hook

Makes an unwilling elephant turn around, so shall I make you turn.

358.

"Just as an excellent charioteer skilled in taming thoroughbreds tames a noble steed;

So shall I tame you, established in the five powers.

359.

"I shall bind you with mindfulness, engaged I shall tame you;

Restrained by the yoke of energy, you will not go far from here, mind."

... The elder Vijitasena...

10.

Verses of the Elder Yasadatta

360.

"With a fault-finding mind and poor in wisdom, one listens to the Conqueror's Teaching;

One is far from the true Teaching, as the sky is from the earth.

361.

"With a fault-finding mind and poor in wisdom, one listens to the Conqueror's Teaching;

One falls away from the true Teaching, like the moon in the dark fortnight.

362.

"With a fault-finding mind and poor in wisdom, one listens to the Conqueror's Teaching;

One dries up in the true Teaching, like a fish in little water.

363.

"With a fault-finding mind and poor in wisdom, one listens to the Conqueror's Teaching;

One does not grow in the true Teaching, like a rotten seed in a field.

364.

"But one who with a contented mind, listens to the Conqueror's Teaching;

Having destroyed all taints, having realized the unshakable;

Having attained supreme peace, with taints destroyed."

... The elder Yasadatta...

11.

Verses of the Elder Soṇakuṭikaṇṇa

365.

"I received the higher ordination, and I am liberated and taintless;

I saw that Blessed One, and lived together with him in the dwelling.

366.

The Blessed One spent much of the night in the open air;

The Teacher, skilled in dwellings, then entered the dwelling.

367.

Having spread out his outer robe, Gotama lay down;

Like a lion in a mountain cave, having abandoned fear and terror.

368.

Then the disciple of the Perfectly Enlightened One, speaking good words;

Soṇa spoke the true Teaching in the presence of the supreme Buddha.

369.

Having fully understood the five aggregates, having developed the true way;

Having attained supreme peace, he will attain final nibbāna without taints.

... The Elder Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa...

12.

Verses of the Elder Kosiya

370.

The wise one who knows the words of teachers, and dwelling there generates affection;

He is called devoted and is wise, and having known, would be distinguished in teachings.

371.

"When great misfortunes arise, they do not overwhelm one who reflects;

He is called strong and is wise, and having known, would be distinguished in teachings.

372.

"One who like the ocean stands unstirred, with deep wisdom seeing subtle meaning;

He is called immovable and is wise, and having known, would be distinguished in teachings.

373.

"One is learned and bears the Teaching, one practises in accordance with the Teaching;

He is called such and is wise, and having known, would be distinguished in teachings.

374.

"One who knows the meaning of what is spoken, and knowing the meaning acts accordingly;

He is called meaningful and is wise, and having known, would be distinguished in teachings."

... Elder Kosiya...

The Book of Fives is concluded.

Here is the summary:

Rājadatta and Subhūta, and Giri, Ānanda, Sumana;

Vaḍḍha and the Elder Kassapa, Gayā-Kassapa and Vakkali.

Vijita and Yasadatta, and Soṇa known as Kosiya;

Sixty-five verses, and twelve elders here.

6.

The Book of Sixes

1.

Verses of the Elder Uruveḷa-Kassapa

375.

"Having seen the spiritual powers of the glorious Gotama;

I did not yet bow down, deceived by envy.

376.

"Having known my intention, the Charioteer of Men urged me;

Then a sense of urgency arose in me, extraordinary and terrifying.

377.

"Previously when I was a matted-hair ascetic, whatever little success I had;

Having rejected that then, I went forth in the Victor's Dispensation.

378.

"Previously I was content with sacrifice, putting first the realm of sensual pleasure;

Later I removed lust and hatred, and delusion too.

379.

"I know my past lives, the divine eye is purified;

I possess spiritual power, know others' minds, and have attained the divine ear.

380.

"That goal for which I went forth from the household life into homelessness;

That goal has been attained by me, the destruction of all fetters.

... The Elder Uruveḷakassapa...

2.

Verses of the Elder Tekicchakāri

381.

"The rice has been over-dried, the grain has gone to the threshing floor;

Not getting alms-food, how shall I plough?

382.

"Recollect with confidence the immeasurable Buddha;

With rapture pervading your body you will be constantly uplifted.

383.

"Recollect with confidence the immeasurable Teaching;

With rapture pervading your body you will be constantly uplifted.

384.

"Recollect with confidence the immeasurable Community;

With rapture pervading your body you will be constantly uplifted.

385.

"You dwell in the open air, these winter nights are cold;

Do not be afflicted by the cold, enter the dwelling with its bolted door.

386.

"I will touch the four immeasurables, and dwell happily with them;

"I will not be afflicted by cold, dwelling unperturbable."

... The elder healer...

3.

Verses of the Elder Mahānāga

387.

"For one who has no reverence for fellow spiritual practitioners;

One falls away from the true Teaching, like a fish in little water.

388.

"For one who has no reverence for fellow spiritual practitioners;

One does not grow in the true Teaching, like a rotten seed in a field.

389.

"For one who has no reverence for fellow spiritual practitioners;

Is far from Nibbāna, in the Dispensation of the King of Teaching.

390.

"For one who has reverence for fellow spiritual practitioners,

Does not fall away from the true Teaching, like a fish in abundant water.

391.

"For one who has reverence for fellow spiritual practitioners,

One grows in the true Teaching, like a good seed in a field.

392.

"For one who has reverence for fellow spiritual practitioners,

Nibbāna is near, in the Dispensation of the King of the Teaching."

... The Elder Mahānāga...

4.

Verses of the Elder Kulla

393.

"Kulla went to the charnel ground, and saw a woman cast aside;

Cast away in the charnel ground, eaten and covered with worms.

394.

"Sick, impure and foul, behold this righteous body;

Oozing and trickling, delighted in by fools.

395.

"Taking up the mirror of the Teaching, for the attainment of knowledge and vision;

I examined this body, hollow inside and out.

396.

As this is, so is that; as that is, so is this;

As below, so above; as above, so below.

397.

"As by day, so by night; as by night, so by day;

As before, so after; as after, so before.

398.

"With the five-factored music, there is no such delight;

As for one with one-pointed mind, rightly seeing the Teaching."

... The elder Kulla...

5.

Verses of the Elder Mālukyaputta

399.

"For a person living heedlessly, craving grows like a creeper;

He runs from existence to existence, like a monkey seeking fruit in the forest.

400.

"When this wretched craving, this attachment to the world, overcomes one;

One's sorrows grow like grass after rain.

401.

"But whoever overcomes this wretched craving, hard to overcome in the world;

Sorrows fall away from them like water drops from a lotus.

402.

"This I say to you, good fortune to all who have gathered here:

Dig up the root of craving, as one seeking grass-roots digs up grass;

Let not Māra break you again and again, as a stream breaks reeds.

403.

"Do the Buddha's word, let not the moment pass you by;

For those who have missed the opportunity grieve, consigned to hell.

404.

"Negligence is dust, negligence is dust, dust follows upon negligence;

By diligence and true knowledge, one should draw out the arrow from oneself."

... The elder Mālukyaputta...

6.

Verses of the Elder Sappadāsa

405.

"For twenty-five years since I went forth,

Not even for a finger-snap did I find peace of mind.

406.

"Not having gained one-pointedness of mind, afflicted by sensual lust;

Raising my arms, wailing, I left the dwelling.

407.

"I shall take a weapon, what is the purpose of life for me;

For how could one like me, having rejected the training, make an end?

408.

"Then taking a razor, I sat down on the bed;

The razor was ready, to cut my own vein.

409.

"Then careful attention arose in me;

The danger became manifest, disenchantment was established.

410.

"Then my mind was liberated, see the excellence of the Teaching;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done."

... The Elder Sappadāsa...

7. Verses of the Elder Kātiyāna

411.

"Rise up, sit down, Kātiyāna, do not be full of sleep, be wakeful;

Let not the king of death defeat you who are lazy, friend of heedlessness, as if with a trap.

412.

"Just as the surge of the great ocean, so birth and aging roll over you;

Make for yourself a good island, for there exists no other refuge for you.

413.

"For the Teacher has conquered this path, gone beyond the bonds of birth, aging and fear;

Being diligent in the first and last watches of the night, apply yourself, make strong effort.

414.

"Cast off the former bonds, living on alms with shaven head and wearing the outer robe;

Do not pursue playful delight and sleep, meditate, Kātiyāna.

415.

"Meditate and conquer, Kātiyāna, you are skilled in the paths to security from bondage;

Having attained unsurpassed purification, you will be extinguished like a flame by water.

416.

"A light-maker with limited radiance, bent by the wind like a creeper;

Even so, you, being unattached, shake off Māra, O Indra's kinsman;

Being without lust for feelings, await the time, become cool right here."

... The elder Kātiyāna...

8.

Verses of the Elder Migajāla

417.

"Well taught by the One with Vision, the Buddha, kinsman of the sun;

Gone beyond all fetters, destroyer of all rounds of existence.

418.

Leading out and crossing over, drying up the root of craving;

Having cut off the root of evil, the ground of resentment, it leads to quenching.

419.

For breaking the root of not knowing, destroying the machinery of action;

In grasping consciousness, striking with the thunderbolt of knowledge.

420.

Making feelings known, freeing from clinging,

With knowledge contemplating existence like a pit of embers.

421.

Of great taste and very deep, warding off aging and death,

The Noble Eightfold Path, peaceful and bringing suffering to peace.

422.

Having known action as action, and result as result,

Seeing with light as it really is the dependently arisen states;

Peaceful, gone to great security, with a happy final goal."

... The Elder Migajāla...

9.

Verses of Elder Jenta, Son of the Chaplain

423.

"Intoxicated with the vanity of birth, and with wealth and power;

With appearance, beauty and form, intoxicated I went about.

424.

"I conceived none as equal to myself, nor as superior;

A fool struck down by arrogance, stiff with raised banner.

425.

"Mother and father, and others considered worthy of respect;

I did not welcome anyone, stiff with conceit, disrespectful.

426.

"Having seen the foremost guide, the supreme charioteer;

Like the shining sun, honoured by the Community of monks.

427.

"Having abandoned conceit and vanity, with a clear mind;

I paid homage with my head to the highest of all beings.

428.

"Arrogance and inferiority complex, abandoned and well removed;

The conceit "I am" is cut off, all types of conceit are destroyed."

... The Elder Jenta, son of the chaplain...

10.

Verses of the Elder Sumana

429.

"When newly gone forth, seven years of age;

Through spiritual power having overcome, the mighty lord of serpents.

430.

"The water for the preceptor, from the great Anotatta lake;

I brought from there, seeing me, the Teacher said this."

431.

"Sāriputta, behold this, the young boy coming,

Carrying a water pot, internally well concentrated.

432.

"With pleasing conduct, good posture,

A novice of Anuruddha, and confident in spiritual power.

433.

"A thoroughbred by a thoroughbred, well trained by a good one,

Disciplined by Anuruddha, trained by one who has done what needs to be done.

434.

"Having attained supreme peace, having realized the unshakable,

That novice Sumana wishes 'may they not know me'."

... Elder Sumana...

11.

Verses of the Elder Nhātakamuni

435.

"Afflicted by a wind disease, dwelling in the woodland forest;

Entering a rough resort, how will you manage, monk?"

436.

"With abundant rapture and happiness, having pervaded my body;

Enduring even what is rough, I shall dwell in the forest.

437.

"Developing the seven enlightenment factors, the faculties and powers;

Endowed with refined meditation, I shall dwell taintless.

438.

"Liberated from defilements, with pure and unclouded mind;

Constantly reviewing, I will dwell taintless.

439.

"Internally and externally, whatever taints were found in me;

All without remainder are cut off, and they do not arise again.

440.

"The five aggregates are fully understood, they remain with roots cut off;

The destruction of suffering is attained, now there is no renewed existence."

... Elder Nhātakamuni...

12.

Verses of the Elder Brahmadatta

441.

"How can there be anger in one free from anger, in one tamed, living righteously;

For one with perfect final knowledge, liberated, peaceful, such a one.

442.

"One who gets angry in return at an angry person makes things worse for himself;

Not getting angry in return at an angry person, one wins a battle hard to win.

443.

"One acts for the good of both, oneself and the other;

Knowing another is angry, one who is mindful becomes peaceful.

444.

"That one treating both, oneself and the other;

People think one a fool, those unskilled in the Teaching.

445.

"If anger arises in you, reflect on the simile of the saw;

If craving for taste arises, remember the simile of the son's flesh.

446.

"If your mind runs towards sensual pleasures and existences,

Quickly restrain it with mindfulness, like a bad cow in the corn."

... The elder Brahmadatta...

13.

Verses of the Elder Sirimaṇḍa

447.

"It rains too much on what is covered, it rains too little on what is open;

Therefore uncover what is covered, thus it will not rain too much on it.

448.

"The world is struck down by death, surrounded by aging;

Pierced by the arrow of craving, always smoked by desire.

449.

"The world is struck down by death, and surrounded by aging;

Always struck without protection, like a caught thief with punishment.

450.

"Like approaching masses of fire, death, disease, and aging, these three;

There is no power to go against them, there is no speed to flee.

451.

"One should make one's day fruitful, whether with little or with much;

Whatever night passes by, that much less is one's life.

452.

"Whether walking or standing, or sitting or lying down;

The final night approaches, there is no time for negligence."

... The elder Sirimanda...

14.

Verses of the Elder Sabbakāmi

453.

This two-footed thing is impure, foul-smelling it carries around;

Filled with various corpses, oozing from here and there.

454.

"Like a deer by a snare, like a fish by a hook,

Like a monkey by a trap, they obstruct the worldling.

455.

"Forms, sounds, tastes, odours, and delightful tactile objects;

These five cords of sensual pleasure are seen in the form of women.

456.

"Those worldlings who pursue these with impassioned minds,

They increase the terrible cemetery, accumulating renewed existence.

457.

"But one who avoids these, as with foot the serpent's head;

That one, mindful, transcends this clinging in the world.

458.

"Having seen the danger in sensual pleasures, seeing security in renunciation;

Released from all sensual pleasures, I attained the destruction of taints."

... The Elder Sabbakāmi...

The Book of Sixes is concluded.

Here is the summary:

Uruveḷakassapa and the Elder who was a physician;

And Mahānāga and Kulla, and Mālukya and Sappadāsa.

Kātiyāna and Migajāla, Jenta known as Sumana;

The sage who bathed, Brahmadatta, Sirimaṇḍa and Sabbakāmi;

The verses are eighty-four, and the elders here are fourteen.

7.

The Book of Sevens

1.

Verses of Elder Sundarasamudda

459.

"Well adorned and well dressed, wearing garlands, decorated,

With feet painted with red lac, wearing sandals, a courtesan.

460.

"Having removed her sandals, standing in front with joined palms,

She spoke to me with gentle softness, with a preliminary smile."

461.

"You are young and gone forth, stay in my instruction;

Enjoy human sensual pleasures, I will give you wealth;

I promise you truthfully, or I will make offerings to your fire.

462.

"When we become old, both dependent on walking sticks,

We both will go forth, taking hold of both ways."

463.

"And seeing her begging, the courtesan making reverential salutation;

Well adorned and well dressed, like a snare of death laid out.

464.

"Then careful attention... etc... disenchantment became established.

465.

"Then my mind was liberated... etc... the Buddha's Teaching has been done."

... The elder Sundarasamudda...

2.

Verses of the Elder Lakuṇḍakabhaddiya

466.

Beyond, in the Ambāṭaka monastery, in the grove, Bhaddiya;

Having pulled out craving with its root, meditates there like a blessed one.

467.

"Some delight in small drums, in lutes and tambourines;

But I at the foot of a tree delight in the Enlightened One's Teaching.

468.

"If the Enlightened One were to offer me a boon, and that boon were obtainable by me;

I would take for all the world constant mindfulness of body.

469.

"Those who measure me by form, and those who follow after voice;

Those people overcome by desire and lust do not know me.

470.

"One neither knows internally, nor sees externally;

The fool with obstructions all around is indeed carried away by sound.

471.

"One neither knows internally, but sees externally;

Seeing only external fruits, that one too is carried away by sound.

472.

"One understands internally, and sees externally;

Seeing free from obstructions, that one is not carried away by sound."

... The elder Lakuṇḍakabhaddiya...

3.

Verses of the Elder Bhadda

473.

"I was an only son, dear to my mother, dear to my father;

Obtained through many vows and prayers.

474.

"And they, out of compassion for me, desiring my good and welfare,

Both father and mother presented me to the Enlightened One."

475.

"This son was obtained with difficulty, delicate and nurtured in happiness;

I give him to you, Lord, as an attendant of the victor."

476.

"And the Teacher having received me, said this to Ānanda:

'Ordain him quickly, he will be a thoroughbred.

477.

"Having ordained me, the Teacher, the victor, entered the dwelling;

Before the sun had set, then my mind was liberated.

478.

"Then the Teacher, having emerged from seclusion,

Said to me 'Come, fortunate one', that was my higher ordination.

479.

"At seven years of age, I received the higher ordination;

The three true knowledges have been attained, oh how excellent is the Teaching!"

... The Elder Bhadda...

4.

Verses of the Elder Sopāka

480.

"Having seen the supreme person walking in the shade of the mansion;

Then approaching him there, I will pay homage to the highest person.

481.

"Having arranged my robe over one shoulder, having joined my hands,

I will walk along with the stainless one, the highest of all beings.

482.

"Then he asked me questions, the wise one skilled in questions;

Without trembling and without fear, I answered the Teacher.

483.

"When the questions were answered, the Truth Finder rejoiced;

Looking at the Community of monks, he spoke this matter."

484.

"It is a gain for the Aṅgans and Magadhans, those who partake of

Robes, almsfood, requisites and dwelling places;

Rising up and proper respect - these are gains for them," he said.

485.

"From today onwards, Sopāka, come to see me;

And let this be your higher ordination, Sopāka."

486.

"At seven years of age by birth, having received higher ordination;

I bear my final body, oh how excellent is the Teaching!"

... The elder Sopāka...

5.

Verses of the Elder Sarabhaṅga

487.

"Having broken reeds with my hands, I lived in a hut;

Therefore by convention my name became Sarabhaṅga.

488.

"Today it is not proper for me to break the core with my hands;

Training rules were laid down for us by the famous Gotama.

489.

"Previously I did not see the complete and entire disease of breaking the core;

That disease has been seen through the words of the supreme deity.

490.

"By the very path that Vipassī went, by the very path that Sikhī and Vessabhū went,

Kakusandha, Koṇāgamana, and Kassapa, by that same path Gotama went.

491.

"Free from craving, without grasping, the seven Enlightened Ones are grounded in destruction;

By them, who have become the Teaching, by such ones, this Teaching was taught.

492.

"The four noble truths, out of compassion for living beings;

Suffering, origin, path, cessation, the destruction of suffering.

493.

"In which suffering ceases, endless in the round of rebirths;

With the breaking up of this body, and the extinction of life;

There is no other renewed existence, I am well liberated in every way."

... The elder Sarabhaṅga...

The Book of Sevens is concluded.

Here is the summary:

The Elder Sundarasamudda, the Elder Lakuṇḍabhaddiya;

The Elder Bhadda the dog-eater, Sarabhaṅga the great sage;

Seven elders in groups of five, thirty-five verses.

8.

The Book of Eights

1.

Verses of the Elder Mahākaccāyana

494.

"One should not do much action, should avoid people and not be energetic;

That eager one, greedy for tastes, abandons the good that brings happiness.

495.

"For they declare it to be mud, this homage and veneration in families;

A subtle dart hard to extract, honour is difficult for a bad person to give up.

496.

"Not by depending on another, is a person's evil action;

One should not pursue that oneself, with actions as relatives, through delusion.

497.

"Not by another's word is one a thief, not by another's word is one a sage;

As oneself knows it, so do the deities know it.

498.

"Others do not understand that we here are perishing;

Those here who do understand - through that their conflicts are stilled.

499.

"Even when the wise one lives with wealth utterly destroyed,

But through lack of wisdom, even one with wealth does not live.

500.

"One hears all with the ear, sees all with the eye;

Yet the wise one should not reject everything seen and heard.

501.

"One with eyes should be like a blind person, one with ears like a deaf person;

One with wisdom should be like a mute person, one with strength like a weak person;

Then when a matter arises, one should lie down like one dead."

... The elder Mahākaccāyana...

2.

Verses of the Elder Sirimittā

502.

"Not prone to anger, without resentment, non-deceitful, free from divisive speech;

Such a monk indeed, thus after death does not grieve.

503.

"Not prone to anger, without resentment, non-deceitful, free from divisive speech;

A monk with guarded doors always, thus after death does not grieve.

504.

"Not prone to anger, without resentment, non-deceitful, free from divisive speech;

That monk of good virtuous behavior, thus after death does not grieve.

505.

"Not prone to anger, without resentment, non-deceitful, free from divisive speech;

That monk with good friends, thus after death does not grieve.

506.

"Not prone to anger, without resentment, non-deceitful, free from divisive speech;

That monk with good wisdom, thus after death does not grieve.

507.

"When one's faith in the Truth Finder is unshakeable, well established;

One whose virtue is good, praised by the noble ones,

508.

Who has confidence in the Community, and whose vision is upright;

They say that one is not poor, that one's life is not in vain.

509.

"Therefore faith and virtue, confidence and vision of the Teaching;

The wise should pursue, remembering the Buddha's Dispensation."

... The elder Sirimitto...

3.

Verses of the Elder Mahāpanthaka

510.

"When I first saw the Teacher who was fearless,

Then a sense of urgency arose in me, having seen the supreme person.

511.

"If one who has come to prosperity were to reject it with hands and feet;

Having pleased such a Teacher, he would miss the goal.

512.

"Then I abandoned children and wife, wealth and grain;

Having cut off hair and beard, I went forth into homelessness.

513.

"Accomplished in training and livelihood, well restrained in the faculties;

Paying homage to the Enlightened One, I dwelt undefeated.

514.

"Then there was a wish, a heart's aspiration;

I would not sit even for a moment, when the dart of craving is not removed.

515.

"As I dwell thus, see my energy and exertion;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done.

516.

"I know my past lives, the divine eye is purified;

I am worthy of offerings, liberated without acquisition.

517.

"Then when night has ended, at sunrise;

Having dried up all craving, sat cross-legged."

... The elder Mahāpanthaka...

The Book of Eights is concluded.

Here is the summary:

The elder Mahākaccāyana, Sirimitto, Mahāpanthaka;

In the Chapter of the Eights, there are twenty-four verses.

9.

The Book of Nines

1.

Verses of the Elder Bhūta

518.

"When the wise person understands suffering, aging and death, where worldlings who lack wisdom rely on;

Having fully understood suffering, mindful he meditates, then he finds no higher delight.

519.

"When suffering's bringer, clinging, which brings the mass of proliferation and suffering;

Having abandoned craving, mindful he meditates, then he finds no higher delight.

520.

When by wisdom one sees the auspicious path with two and four factors, supreme, cleansing all defilements;

Mindful one meditates, then finds no higher delight.

521.

When one develops the sorrowless, stainless, unconditioned, peaceful state that cleanses all defilements;

That cuts the bonds of fetters, then one finds no higher delight.

522.

When in the sky the thunder cloud rumbles, with streams of rain all around the paths of birds;

And a monk gone to a mountain slope meditates, then he finds no higher delight.

523.

When along the rivers full of flowers, with various garlands of forest flowers;

Seated on the bank, joyful he meditates, then he finds no higher delight.

524.

"When at midnight in the empty forest, while the rain is falling, the tuskers trumpet;

And a monk gone to a mountain slope meditates, then he finds no higher delight.

525.

"When having restrained one's thoughts, settled in a mountain cave between mountains;

Free from anguish and free from barrenness he meditates, then he finds no higher delight.

526.

"When happy, having destroyed stains, barrenness and sorrow, unobstructed, free from the forest, free from the dart;

Having made an end of all taints he meditates, then he finds no higher delight."

... The elder Bhūta...

The Book of Nines is concluded.

Here is the summary:

The elder who sees things as they really are, dwells alone like a rhinoceros;

In the Book of Nines, these verses are nine.

10.

The Book of Tens

1.

Verses of the Elder Kāḷudāyi

527.

"The trees are now glowing with embers, venerable sir, bearing fruit, having shed their foliage;

They shine as if aflame, O Great Hero, it is time to partake of their tastes.

528.

"The trees are in bloom, delightful, wafting in all directions everywhere;

Having shed their leaves, yearning for fruit, it is time to depart from here, O Hero.

529.

"It is neither too cold nor too hot, the season is pleasant for travelling, venerable sir;

Let the Sākyans and Koḷiyans see you crossing the Rohinī river, facing west.

530.

"With hope one ploughs the field, with hope one sows the seed;

"Merchants go forth with hope, seeking wealth across the ocean;

By that hope I stand, may that hope of mine succeed.

531.

"Again and again they sow the seed, again and again the king of deities sends rain;

Again and again farmers plough the fields, again and again grain comes to the realm.

532.

"Again and again supplicants move about, again and again benefactors give;

Again and again having given, benefactors again and again go to the state of heaven.

533.

"Indeed the hero, the one of vast wisdom, purifies seven generations of the family in which he is born;

I think the deity of deities is honoured, for through you, O sage of true name, he was born.

534.

"Suddhodana was the name of the Great Sage's father, while the Buddha's mother was named Māyā;

She who carried the Bodhisatta in her womb, with the breaking up of the body, rejoices in the heaven of the Thirty-Three.

535.

"That Gotamī, having passed away from here, endowed with heavenly sensual pleasures;

She delights in the five cords of sensual pleasure, surrounded by those groups of deities.

536.

"I am a son of the Buddha, the invincible mighty one, such a one like Aṅgīrasa without equal;

You, Sakka, are my father's father, Gotama, by right you are my grandfather."

... Elder Kāḷudāyī...

2.

Verses of the Elder Living Alone

537.

"When no other is found either in front or behind,

It is exceedingly pleasant for one dwelling alone in the forest.

538.

"Come! I will go alone to the forest praised by the Enlightened One;

Comfort for one dwelling alone, for a resolute monk.

539.

"Delightful, bringing rapture to the practitioner, frequented by rutting elephants;

Alone, self-controlled, quickly I will enter the forest.

540.

"In the well-flowered cool grove, in the cool mountain ravine;

Having sprinkled my limbs with water, I will walk alone.

541.

"Alone without a companion, in the delightful great forest;

When shall I dwell, task done, taintless.

542.

"As I wish to do this, may my aspiration succeed;

I myself will accomplish it, no one can do it for another.

543.

"I am fastening on my armour, I will enter the forest;

I will not come out from there without attaining the destruction of taints.

544.

"While the cool fragrant breeze blows,

I will break up ignorance, seated on the top of the mountain.

545.

"In the forest covered with flowers, surely on the cool mountain slope;

Happy with the happiness of liberation, I will delight in Giribbaja.

546.

"I, with intentions fulfilled, like the moon on the fifteenth day;

All taints completely destroyed, now there is no renewed existence."

... The elder who dwells alone...

3.

Verses of the Elder Mahākappina

547.

"One who sees the future beforehand, both the good and the harmful - that dyad;

Neither those who hate him nor those who wish him well, though looking, see any vulnerability in him.

548.

"For whom mindfulness of breathing is complete and well developed;

Progressively practised, as taught by the Enlightened One;

Like the moon freed from clouds, he illuminates this world.

549.

"My mind is pure indeed, immeasurable and well developed;

Penetrative and uplifted, all directions shine forth.

550.

"Even when the wise one lives with wealth utterly destroyed,

But through lack of wisdom, even one with wealth does not live.

551.

"Wisdom discriminates what is learned, wisdom increases praise and fame;

A person endowed with wisdom here, even amid sufferings finds pleasures.

552.

"This Teaching is not just of today, it is neither strange nor wonderful;

Where one is born and dies, what is wonderful about that?

553.

"For right after birth, death is certain from life;

Those born, born die here, for such is the nature of living beings.

554.

"For this is not for the benefit of the dead, that which is the purpose of life for other persons;

Weeping for the dead brings neither fame nor worldly gain, nor is it praised by ascetics and brahmins.

555.

"It harms the eye and body thereby, beauty, strength and wisdom deteriorate;

His enemies become delighted, while those who wish his welfare do not become happy.

556.

"Therefore one should wish for those dwelling in the family to be wise and learned;

For by their wisdom and development they accomplish their task, like crossing a full river by boat."

... The elder Mahākappina...

4.

Verses of the Elder Cūḷapanthaka

557.

"My progress was slow, I was despised before;

My brother dismissed me, 'Go now to your home.'

558.

"Being peaceful, I was dismissed at the monastery gate;

I stood there dejected, longing for the Dispensation.

559.

"The Blessed One came there, touched my head,

Taking me by the arm, led me into the monastery.

560.

"Out of compassion the teacher gave me a foot-wiping cloth;

'Keep this clean thus,' and it was well kept to one side.

561.

"Having heard his word, I dwelt delighting in the Dispensation;

I established concentration for attaining the highest goal.

562.

"I know my past lives, the divine eye is purified;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done.

563.

"Having created myself a thousand times, Panthaka

Sat in the delightful mango grove, until the time was announced.

564.

"Then the Teacher sent me a messenger to announce the time;

When the time was announced, I approached through the air.

565.

"Having paid homage at the Teacher's feet, I sat to one side;

Having known that I was seated, then the Teacher accepted me.

566.

"Benefactor for all the world, receiver of offerings;

Merit-field for human beings, he received gifts."

... The elder Cūḷapanthaka...

5.

Verses of the Elder Kappa

567.

"Full of stains from various families, originating from great filth;

Like a ripe cesspit, a great boil, a great wound.

568.

"Full of pus and blood, saturated with a pit of excrement;

The body oozes fluids, always dripping foul matter.

569.

"Bound together with sixty sinews, smeared with a coating of flesh;

Wrapped in a skin-jacket, a purposeless foul body.

570.

"Assembled from a collection of bones, bound together with muscle strings;

Due to the coming together of many parts, it maintains its postures.

571.

"Steadily proceeding towards death, in the presence of the king of death;

Having discarded right here, a person goes wherever he desires.

572.

"The body is enveloped by ignorance, bound by the four knots;

The body sinks in the floods, covered by the net of underlying tendencies.

573.

"Yoked to the five hindrances, endowed with thought;

Following what is rooted in craving, covered with the covering of delusion.

574.

"Thus this body continues, driven by the machinery of action;

Success and failure alternate, it breaks up into various states.

575.

"Those foolish worldlings who cherish this body,

They increase the terrible cemetery, taking up renewed existence.

576.

"Those who avoid this body like a snake smeared with dung,

Having vomited out the root of existence, they will attain final Nibbana without taints."

... The elder Kappa...

6.

Verses of the Elder Upasena, Son of Vaṅganta

577.

"Secluded with little noise, frequented by wild beasts;

A monk should use such a lodging, for the sake of meditation.

578.

"Having gathered rags from rubbish heaps, from cemeteries and streets;

Then having made an outer robe, one should wear a coarse robe.

579.

"Having made the mind humble, from family to family on uninterrupted round;

A monk should walk for alms, guarded in the doors, well restrained.

580.

"One should be content even with what is coarse, not yearning for many other tastes;

For one who is greedy for tastes, the mind does not delight in meditation.

581.

"Of few wishes and content, the sage should live in seclusion;

Unattached to householders and to both homeless ones.

582.

"As if dull and mute, thus should one show oneself;

A wise person should not speak too much in the midst of the Community.

583.

"One should not criticise anyone, should avoid causing harm;

Restrained in the code of monastic rules, and moderate in eating.

584.

"Skilled in the arising of mind with well-grasped signs,

One should practise righteous insight at the proper time.

585.

"Endowed with energy and perseverance, one should always be engaged in exertion;

Without reaching the end of suffering, a wise person should not be confident.

586.

"For a monk dwelling thus, desiring purity;

All taints are destroyed, and he attains quenching."

... The Elder Upasena Vaṅgantaputta...

7.

Verses of the (Other) Elder Gotama

587.

"One should understand one's own good, and look at the sacred word;

And what would be fitting here for one who has undertaken the life of an ascetic.

588.

"A good friend here, undertaking extensive training;

And obedience to teachers - this is fitting for an ascetic.

589.

"Reverence towards the Enlightened Ones, proper respect for the Teaching;

And regard for the Community - this is fitting for an ascetic.

590.

"Being endowed with proper conduct and resort, livelihood purified and blameless;

And establishing the mind - this is fitting for an ascetic.

591.

"Proper conduct and restraint, pleasing deportment;

And dedication to the higher mind - this is fitting for an ascetic.

592.

"Forest lodgings, remote and with little sound;

Things to be associated with by a sage - this is fitting for an ascetic.

593.

"Virtue and great learning, and investigation of phenomena as they really are;

Breakthrough to the truths - this is fitting for an ascetic.

594.

"And one should develop perception of impermanence, perception of non-self and perception of foulness;

And non-delight in the world - this is fitting for an ascetic.

595.

"And one should develop the enlightenment factors, the bases for spiritual power, the faculties and powers;

The noble eightfold path - this is fitting for an ascetic.

596.

"A sage should abandon craving, should destroy the taints at their root;

Should dwell fully liberated - this is fitting for an ascetic."

... The Elder Gotama...

The Book of Tens is concluded.

Here is the summary:

That elder Kāḷudāyī, and Kappina the solitary dweller;

Cūḷapanthaka and Kappa, and Upasena and Gotama;

These are seven elders in tens, and here are seventy verses.

11.

The Book of Elevens

1.

Verses of Elder Saṃkicca

597.

"What is your purpose in the forest, dear one, as if dejected in the rainy season;

The high winds are delightful to you, for solitude is for meditators.

598.

"Just as the high wind drives away the clouds in the rainy season;

Perceptions connected with seclusion overwhelm me.

599.

"The pale one born from an egg, frequenting the charnel ground;

Indeed arouses mindfulness in me, based on dispassion regarding this body.

600.

"One who others do not guard, and who does not guard others;

That monk indeed sleeps happily, having no longing for sensual pleasures.

601.

"With clear waters and broad rocks, frequented by red deer and wild cattle;

Covered with water moss, those rocks delight me.

602.

"I have dwelt in forests, in ravines and caves;

In remote lodgings, frequented by wild beasts.

603.

'Let these living beings be killed and slaughtered, let them come to suffering';

I do not recall having such an ignoble intention associated with hatred.

604.

"I have attended on the Teacher, the Buddha's Teaching has been done;

The heavy burden has been laid down, the cord of existence is destroyed.

605.

"That goal for which I went forth from the household life into homelessness;

That goal has been attained by me, the destruction of all fetters.

606.

"I do not seek delight in death, I do not seek delight in life;

I await my time, like a hired worker his wages.

607.

"I do not seek delight in death, I do not seek delight in life;

I await my time, clearly comprehending and mindful."

... The Elder Saṅkicca...

The Book of Elevens is concluded.

Here is the summary:

Only the Elder Saṃkicca, task done, taintless;

In the Book of Elevens, and exactly eleven verses.

12.

The Book of Twelves

1.

Verses of the Elder Sīlavat

608.

"Here one should train in virtue, well trained in this world;

For virtue when practised, brings forth all success.

609.

"A wise person should protect virtue, longing for three kinds of happiness;

Praise and gain of wealth, and after death rejoicing in heaven.

610.

"For a virtuous person gains many friends through restraint;

But one of bad virtue falls away from friends, practising evil.

611.

"A person of bad virtue gains dispraise and disrepute;

The virtuous one always receives beauty, fame and praise.

612.

"Virtue is the beginning and support, the mother of all good things;

The chief of all things, therefore one should purify virtue.

613.

"Virtue is the boundary and restraint, the brightening of the mind;

The ford of all Enlightened Ones, therefore one should purify virtue.

614.

"Virtue is incomparable strength, virtue is the supreme weapon;

Virtue is the best ornament, virtue is a wonderful armour.

615.

"Virtue is an influential bridge, virtue is an unsurpassed odour;

Virtue is the best ointment, by which one's fame spreads in all directions.

616.

"Virtue is the foremost provision, virtue is the supreme requisite for the journey;

Virtuous behavior is the best conveyance, by which one goes from place to place.

617.

"Here itself one gains blame, and after death, miserable in the plane of misery;

Everywhere miserable is the fool, not concentrated in virtuous behavior.

618.

"Here itself one gains fame, and after death, happy in heaven;

Everywhere happy is the wise one, well concentrated in virtuous behavior.

619.

"Virtuous behavior is supreme here, but one with wisdom is highest;

Among human beings and deities, victory comes from virtuous behavior and wisdom."

... The virtuous elder...

2.

Verses of the Elder Sunīta

620.

"I was born in a low family, poor with little food;

My work was lowly, I was a flower-sweeper.

621.

"Despised by human beings, treated with contempt and disdain,

Having made the mind humble, I will pay homage to many people.

622.

"Then I saw the Enlightened One, honoured by the Community of monks;

The great hero entering the supreme city of the Magadhans.

623.

"Having put down my carrying pole, I approached to pay homage;

Out of compassion for me alone, the supreme person stood.

624.

"Having paid homage at the Teacher's feet, I stood to one side then;

I requested the going forth from the highest of all beings.

625.

"Then the compassionate Teacher, having tender concern for all worlds;

Said to me 'Come, monk', that was my higher ordination.

626.

"Living alone in the forest, untiring;

I did the Teacher's word, as the Victor exhorted me.

627.

"In the first watch of the night, I recollected my past lives;

In the middle watch of the night, I purified the divine eye;

In the last watch of the night, I shattered the mass of darkness.

628.

"Then when night has ended, at sunrise;

Indra and Brahmā came and paid reverential salutation to me with joined palms.

629.

"'Homage to you, thoroughbred among persons, homage to you, highest among persons;

Your taints are destroyed, you are worthy of offerings, good sir.'

630.

"Then the Teacher, having seen me honoured by the company of deities,

Having displayed a smile, spoke this matter.

631.

"'Through austerity, the holy life, self-control and taming;

By this one becomes a brahmin, this is the supreme brahmin.'"

... The elder Sunīta...

The Book of Twelves is concluded.

Here is the summary:

Sīlavā and Sunīta, two elders of great spiritual power;

In the Book of Twelves, there are twenty-four verses.

13.

The Book of Thirteens

1.

Verses of the Elder Soṇa Koḷivisa

632.

"He who was supreme in the kingdom, following the king of Aṅga,

Today he is supreme in the Teaching, Soṇa has gone beyond suffering.

633.

"Five one should cut off, five one should abandon, five more one should develop;

A monk who has transcended five ties is called one who has crossed the flood.

634.

"For a conceited and unmindful monk who is an outsider,

Virtue, concentration and wisdom do not reach fulfilment.

635.

"What should be done is neglected, while what should not be done is done;

For the conceited and unmindful, their taints increase.

636.

"But those who have well established mindfulness of the body constantly;

They do not pursue what should not be done, they are persevering in what should be done;

For the mindful and clearly comprehending ones, their taints come to an end.

637.

"On the straight path that has been explained, go forward, do not turn back;

One should urge oneself on, one should lead to extinction.

638.

"When my energy was too intense, the teacher, unsurpassed in the world;

Having made the simile of the lute for me, possessing vision, taught the Teaching;

Having heard his word, I dwelt delighting in the Dispensation.

639.

"I established serenity for attaining the highest goal;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done.

640.

"For one disposed to renunciation, and to mental seclusion;

For one disposed to non-repulsion, and to the destruction of clinging.

641.

"For one disposed to the destruction of craving, and to non-confusion of mind;

Seeing the arising of the sense bases, the mind becomes rightly liberated.

642.

For that monk rightly liberated, with peaceful mind;

There is no accumulation of what has been done, nothing remains to be done.

643.

"Just as a solid rock is not moved by the wind;

So too forms, tastes, sounds, odours and all contacts.

644.

"Neither pleasant nor unpleasant states disturb one who is steadfast;

His mind is stable and liberated, and he contemplates its fading away."

... The Elder Soṇa Koḷivisa...

The Book of Thirteens is concluded.

Here is the summary:

The Elder Soṇa Koḷivisa, alone with great spiritual power;

In the Book of Thirteens, there are thirteen verses here.

14.

The Book of Fourteens

1.

Verses of the Elder Khadiravana Revata

645.

"When I went forth from the household life into homelessness;

I do not recall any intention connected with hatred that is ignoble.

646.

'Let these living beings be killed and slaughtered, let them come to suffering';

I do not recall such an intention during this long period.

647.

"I recall loving-kindness, measureless and well developed;

Progressively practised, as taught by the Enlightened One.

648.

"Friend to all, companion to all, compassionate towards all beings;

I develop a mind of loving-kindness, always delighting in non-ill will.

649.

"Unshakeable and immovable, I gladden my mind;

I develop the divine abode, not practised by ignoble persons.

650.

"Having attained the thoughtless state, a disciple of the Fully Enlightened One;

Is immediately endowed with noble silence.

651.

"Just as a rocky mountain, unshakeable, well established;

So too a monk, with delusion destroyed, like a mountain, does not tremble.

652.

"For a being without blemish, constantly seeking purity;

Even evil the size of a hair tip appears like a cloud.

653.

As a frontier city is guarded both within and without;

So you should guard yourself - do not let the moment pass you by.

654.

"I do not seek delight in death, I do not seek delight in life;

I await my time, like a hired worker his wages.

655.

I do not seek delight in death... etc... clearly comprehending and mindful.

656.

"I have attended on the Teacher, the Buddha's Teaching has been done;

The heavy burden has been laid down, the cord of existence is destroyed.

657.

"That goal for which I went forth from the household life into homelessness;

That goal has been attained by me, the destruction of all fetters.

658.

"Accomplish it with diligence, this is my instruction;

Now I shall attain final Nibbāna, I am freed in every way."

... The elder Khadiravana Revata...

2.

Verses of the Elder Godatta

659.

"Just as a thoroughbred horse, yoked to a burden-bearing yoke,

Though crushed by excessive burden, does not break free from the yoke.

660.

"Those who are satisfied with wisdom, like the ocean with water;

Do not look down on others, for that is the noble Teaching for living beings.

661.

"Having come under the power of time, gone under the power of existence after existence;

People meet with suffering, and here these young men grieve.

662.

"Elated by pleasant states, depressed by painful states;

Fools are struck down by both, not seeing things as they really are.

663.

"But those who have gone beyond the middle of the seam in pleasure and pain;

They stand like a threshold stone, neither elated nor depressed.

664.

"Not by gain nor by loss, not by fame nor by renown;

Not by blame nor by praise, not by suffering nor by pleasure.

665.

"They are unstained by anything, like a water drop on a lotus leaf;

The wise are happy everywhere, everywhere they are undefeated.

666.

"That loss which is righteous, and that gain which is unrighteous;

A righteous loss is better than an unrighteous gain.

667.

"The fame of those with little wisdom, and the obscurity of the wise;

Obscurity of the wise is better than fame of those with little wisdom.

668.

"Praise from the foolish, and blame from the wise;

Blame from the wise is better than praise from fools.

669.

"The happiness made of sensual pleasure, and the pain of seclusion;

The pain of seclusion is better than happiness made of sensual pleasure.

670.

"Life that is unrighteous, and death that is righteous;

A righteous death is better than an unrighteous life.

671.

"Those who have abandoned sensual pleasure and anger, with peaceful mind regarding existences;

Move about in the world without the sickle, for them there is nothing dear or not dear.

672.

"Having developed the enlightenment factors, the faculties and powers;

Having attained supreme peace, they attain final Nibbāna without taints."

... The elder Godatta...

The Book of Fourteens is concluded.

Here is the summary:

Revata and Godatta, two elders of great spiritual power;

In the fourteenth chapter, twenty-eight verses.

15.

The Book of Sixteens

1.

Verses of the Elder Aññāsikoṇḍañña

673.

"I am even more confident, having heard the Teaching of great taste;

The Teaching of dispassion has been taught, without clinging in every way.

674.

"Many beautiful things in the world, upon this earthly realm;

I think they disturb intention, the beauty connected with lust.

675.

"Just as a cloud would settle the dust stirred up by wind;

So intentions are stilled, when one sees this with wisdom.

676.

"All formations are impermanent," when one sees this with wisdom;

Then one becomes disenchanted with suffering, this is the path to purification.

677.

"All formations are suffering," when one sees this with wisdom;

Then one becomes disenchanted with suffering, this is the path to purification.

678.

"All things are non-self," when one sees this with wisdom;

Then one becomes disenchanted with suffering, this is the path to purification.

679.

"That elder Koṇḍañña, enlightened after the Enlightened One, of intense endeavour;

With birth and death abandoned, the consummate one in the holy life.

680.

"A flood's snare, a firm barrenness, a mountain difficult to split;

Having cut through barrenness and the snare, having broken through the difficult-to-break rock;

Who has crossed to the far shore, a meditator, he is freed from Māra's bondage.

681.

An agitated and restless monk, having evil friends,

Sinks in the great flood, overwhelmed by waves.

682.

Not agitated, not restless, alert, with restrained faculties;

Having good friends, wise, he could make an end of suffering.

683.

"Like a black snake in appearance, thin, covered with veins;

Moderate in food and drink, a person with an unwavering mind.

684.

"Touched by gadflies and mosquitoes, in a forest wilderness;

Like an elephant at the head of battle, mindfully one should endure there.

685.

I do not seek delight in death... etc... like a hired worker his wages.

686.

I do not seek delight in death... etc... clearly comprehending and mindful.

687.

I have attended on the Teacher... etc... the cord of existence is destroyed.

688.

"That goal for which I went forth from the household life into homelessness;

That goal has been attained by me, what need have I of a fellow dweller?

... The elder Aññāsi Koṇḍañña...

2.

Verses of the Elder Udāyi

689.

"The Enlightened One, born as a human being, self-tamed and concentrated;

Walking on the divine path, delighting in the peace of mind.

690.

"Him do human beings revere, who has gone beyond all phenomena;

Even deities revere him, thus have I heard from the worthy ones.

691.

"One who has transcended all fetters, come from the forest to the forestless;

Delighting in renunciation from sensual pleasures, freed like gold from stone.

692.

That dragon indeed surpasses all, like the Himalayas other mountains;

Among all those named dragon, he of true name is unsurpassed.

693.

"I shall praise the dragon to you, for he does no wrong;

Mildness and harmlessness are the two feet of the dragon.

694.

Mindfulness and clear comprehension are the other conduct of the dragon;

Faith is his trunk, the great arahant, with equanimity as his white tusks.

695.

Mindfulness is his neck, wisdom his head, investigation and reflection on the Teaching;

Living in the Teaching is his belly, and seclusion is his tail.

696.

He is a meditator delighting in breathing, internally well concentrated;

Going, the arahant is concentrated, standing, the arahant is concentrated.

697.

Lying down, the arahant is concentrated, and also when seated, he is concentrated;

The arahant is restrained in all things, this is the arahant's attainment.

698.

He eats what is blameless, does not eat what is blameworthy;

Having received food and clothing, he avoids storing them up.

699.

Having cut off all fetters, small and large, every bond;

Wherever he goes, he goes without concern.

700.

"Just as a lotus born in water grows;

Unsullied by the water, fragrant and delightful.

701.

"Just so the Enlightened One, born in the world, dwells in the world,

Unsullied by the world, like a lotus by water.

702.

"A great fire blazing, is extinguished when it lacks nutriment;

When the embers are peaceful, he is called 'quenched'.

703.

"This simile conveys the meaning, taught by the wise;

Great dragons will understand the dragon taught by the dragon.

704.

"Without lust, without hate, without delusion, taintless;

The dragon, abandoning the body, will attain final Nibbāna, taintless."

... The elder Udāyī...

The Book of Sixteens is concluded.

Here is the summary:

Koṇḍañña and Udāyī, two elders of great spiritual power;

In the Chapter of Sixteen, thirty-two verses.

16.

The Book of Twenties

1.

Verses of the Elder Adhimutta

705.

"For the sake of sacrifice or for the sake of wealth, those whom we killed before;

The remaining is fear, they tremble and lament.

706.

"For you there is no state of fear, your beauty becomes even more serene;

Why do you not lament in such a great peril.

707.

"There is no mental suffering, headman, for one who is unattached;

Indeed, for one whose fetters are destroyed, all fears have been transcended.

708.

"When the cord of existence is destroyed, seeing things in this very life as they really are;

There is no fear in death, just as in laying down a burden.

709.

"I have lived the holy life well, and the path too has been well developed;

I have no fear of death, like in the extinction of diseases.

710.

"I have lived the holy life well, and the path too has been well developed;

Existences are seen as without gratification, like vomiting after drinking poison.

711.

"Gone to the far shore, without clinging, task done, taintless;

One is pleased with life's end, like one freed from a place of execution.

712.

"Having attained the supreme state of the Teaching, without interest in the whole world;

Like one freed from a burning house, one does not sorrow at death.

713.

"Whatever is gathered, or wherever existence is found;

All that is without a core," so said the Great Sage.

714.

"One who understands that as taught by the Enlightened One;

Does not grasp at any existence, like a red-hot iron ball.

715.

"I do not have 'it was', 'it will be' is not for me;

Formations will disappear, what lamentation is there in that?

716.

"The pure arising of phenomena, the pure continuity of formations;

For one who sees as it really is, there is no fear, headman.

717.

"When one sees the world with wisdom as similar to grass and wood;

Not finding any sense of mine, does not sorrow thinking 'I have nothing'.

718.

"I am weary of the body, I have no desire for existence;

This body will break up, and there will not be another.

719.

"Whatever you wish to do with the body, do it;

Because of that I will have neither hatred nor affection for it."

720.

Having heard those words, amazing and terrifying,

The young men, putting down their weapons, said this:

721.

"What, venerable sir, having done, and who is your teacher;

Having come to whose Dispensation is that sorrowlessness obtained?"

722.

"The omniscient, all-seeing Victor is my teacher;

The Teacher of great compassion, healer of all the world.

723.

"By him this Teaching has been taught, leading to destruction, unsurpassed;

Having come to his Dispensation, that sorrowlessness is obtained."

724.

Having heard the sage's well-spoken words, the thieves laid down their sickles and weapons;

Some desisted from that action, and some found delight in the going forth.

725.

Having gone forth in the Fortunate One's Dispensation, those wise ones developed the powers of the enlightenment factors;

With uplifted minds and glad, with developed faculties, they attained the unconditioned state of Nibbāna.

...The elder Adhimutta...

2.

Verses of the Elder Pārāpariya

726.

"A thought arose in the recluse, the monk Pārāpariya;

As he sat alone, secluded, meditating.

727.

"What progressive practice, what observance, what conduct,

Should one doing one's own task follow, while not harming anyone?

728.

"The faculties of human beings, lead to welfare and to harm;

Unguarded things lead to harm, and guarded things lead to welfare.

729.

"Just guarding the faculties, and protecting the faculties;

Should one doing one's own task follow, while not harming anyone?

730.

"If one does not restrain the eye faculty when it goes among forms,

Not seeing the danger, one is indeed not freed from suffering.

731.

"If one does not restrain the ear faculty when it goes among sounds,

Not seeing the danger, one is indeed not freed from suffering.

732.

"Not seeing the escape, if one pursues odours,

One is not freed from suffering, being intent on odours.

733.

"Recollecting the foremost sour and sweet, and the foremost bitter,

Bound by craving for tastes, one does not understand the heart.

734.

"Recollecting beautiful and non-repulsive tactile objects,

Lustful because of lust, one finds various kinds of suffering.

735.

"One who is not able to protect the mind with these states;

Then suffering follows him, because of all these five.

736.

"Full of blood and pus, and many corpses;

Made by human skill, beautiful, like a decorated box.

737.

"Bitter but with sweet gratification, suffering that binds to what is dear;

Like a razor smeared with honey, licking it one does not understand.

738.

"In women's forms, in women's sounds, and also in women's tactile objects;

Impassioned by women's odours, one finds various kinds of suffering.

739.

"All women's streams flow in the five kinds;

The one with energy who can create an obstruction to them.

740.

"He has purpose, he stands in the Teaching, he is skilled, he is discerning;

Even while delighting, one should do what is connected with the Teaching and the good.

741.

"Then one sinks when engaged in purposeless tasks;

Having conceived 'That is not to be done', be diligent and discerning.

742.

"What is connected with the good and the delight in the Teaching;

Having undertaken that, one should live accordingly, for that indeed is the highest delight.

743.

"By various means one seeks to overcome others;

Having cut, killed and caused grief, one violently plunders from others.

744.

"As when a strong man driving in a peg with a peg,

Just so the skilled one overcomes faculties with faculties.

745.

"Developing faith, energy, concentration, mindfulness and wisdom;

Having destroyed the five with the five, the brahmin goes free from trouble.

746.

"He has purpose, he stands in the Teaching, having given verbal instruction;

In all ways to the Enlightened One, that person attains happiness."

...The elder Pārāpariya...

3.

Verses of the Elder Telakāni

747.

"For a long time indeed being ardent, reflecting on the Teaching,

I did not find peace of mind, though questioning ascetics and brahmins.

748.

"Who has gone to the far shore in the world, who has attained the ground of the Deathless;

Whose Teaching shall I receive, for understanding the highest good?"

749.

"He was gone into the inner bend, like a fish swallowing bait;

Bound by Mahinda's snare, like the titan Vepacitti.

750.

"I draw him in, I do not release him, from this sorrow and lamentation;

Who in the world will release my bond and make known enlightenment?

751.

Which ascetic or brahmin, pointing out what is breakable.

Whose Teaching shall I receive, that sweeps away aging and death.

752.

"Bound by doubt and perplexity, joined with rivalry and force,

Reached by anger, stiffened by harm, tormented by yearning.

753.

"Arising from the bow of craving, and joined with twice fifteen,

See this violent internal thing, if it remains after breaking through.

754.

"The non-abandoning of wrong views, fired up by intentions,

Pierced by that I tremble, like a leaf stirred by the wind.

755.

"Having arisen internally in me, quickly it torments what is mine;

The body with its six bases of contact, where it always flows.

756.

"I do not see a physician who could extract this dart from me;

Not with a royal sword, nor with anything else that is doubted.

757.

"Who, without sword and without wound, while the dart lies within,

Without harming any limb, will extract the dart from me?

758.

"The Lord of the Teaching indeed is supreme, who removes the poison of hatred;

To me who has fallen into the depths, may he show dry ground and a helping hand.

759.

"I am plunged into a lake with mud that cannot be removed,

Spread with deceit, envy, rivalry, sloth and torpor.

760.

"With thunder of restlessness, clouds of fetters,

The currents carry wrong views, intentions based upon lust.

761.

"The streams flow everywhere, the creeper springs up and remains;

Who could ward off those streams, who indeed could cut that creeper?

762.

"Make a barrier, good sir, a restraint for the streams;

Let not the mind-made stream suddenly cut you down like a tree.

763.

"Thus when fear arose in me, seeking the far shore from the near shore;

The Teacher was my refuge, with wisdom as weapon, attended by the community of seers.

764.

"He gave me a stairway, fortunate, pure, made of the core of the Teaching, firm,

When I was being carried away, and he told me 'Do not be afraid.'

765.

"Having climbed the mansion of the establishments of mindfulness, I surveyed:

What I formerly conceived, a generation delighting in identity.

766.

"When I saw the path, embarking on the boat;

Without establishing self, I saw the supreme ford.

767.

"The dart arising from self, produced by the guide to existence;

For the cessation of these, he taught the supreme path.

768.

"Long underlying, long established,

The Buddha removed my knot, dispelling the poison of hatred."

...The Elder Telakāni...

4.

Verses of the Elder Raṭṭhapāla

769.

"Look at this painted image, this body full of sores, built up;

Afflicted and full of intentions, for whom there is no stable maintenance.

770.

"Look at this adorned form, with jewels and earrings;

Bones wrapped in skin, it shines with clothes.

771.

"Feet painted with red lac, face smeared with powder;

Enough to delude a fool, but not one seeking the far shore.

772.

"Hair arranged in eight plaits, eyes anointed with collyrium;

Enough to delude a fool, but not one seeking the far shore.

773.

"Like a newly painted vessel, this adorned foul body;

Enough to delude a fool, but not one seeking the far shore.

774.

"The hunter laid a snare, but the deer did not fall into the trap;

Having eaten the fodder, let us go, while the trappers weep.

775.

"The hunter's snare is cut, the deer did not fall into the trap;

Having eaten the fodder, let us go, while the deer-hunters grieve.

776.

"I see in the world human beings with wealth, who having gained riches do not give due to delusion;

The greedy ones accumulate wealth, they long even more for sensual pleasures.

777.

"A king having conquered the earth by force, dwelling in the realm extending to the ocean,

Unsatisfied with this shore of the ocean, might long for even the far shore of the ocean.

778.

"Kings and many other human beings, with craving not gone, meet death;

Being unfulfilled, they abandon the body, there is no satisfaction with sensual pleasures in the world.

779.

"The relatives weep for them, tearing their hair, and say 'Oh, if only we were immortal!'

Having carried them out covered with a cloth, placing them on the pyre, then they burn them.

780.

"They burn, pierced by stakes, with just one cloth, having abandoned their wealth;

For one who is dying, there are no protectors, neither relatives nor friends nor companions.

781.

"Heirs take away their wealth, but the being goes according to their actions;

No wealth follows one who is dying, neither sons and wives nor wealth and kingdom.

782.

One does not obtain long life through wealth, nor indeed ward off aging through riches;

The wise say this life is very short, impermanent, subject to change.

783.

"The rich and the poor experience contact, the fool and the wise are touched just the same;

But the fool lies tormented by foolishness, while the wise one does not tremble when touched by contact.

784.

"Therefore wisdom is indeed better than wealth, by which one attains final knowledge here;

Not having ended to various states of existence, through delusion one performs evil actions.

785.

"One goes to the womb and to the other world, wandering through the round of rebirths in succession;

One of little wisdom, having faith in this, goes to the womb and to the other world.

786.

"Just as a thief caught in the act, by one's own actions the evil-natured person is afflicted;

Thus beings in the next world after death, by their own actions the evil-natured person is afflicted.

787.

"For sensual pleasures are diverse, sweet and delightful, in their various forms they agitate the mind;

Having seen the danger in the cords of sensual pleasure, therefore, O king, I have gone forth.

788.

Like fruits from a tree, young men fall, both young and old, when their bodies break up;

Having seen this too, O king, I have gone forth, the life of an ascetic is surely better.

789.

Out of faith I went forth, having entered the Teacher's Dispensation;

My going forth is blameless, I eat food free from debt.

790.

Having seen sensual pleasures as burning, wealth as weapons;

Suffering from descent into the womb, great peril in hells.

791.

Having known thus the danger, I gained a sense of urgency then;

Being peaceful then when struck, I attained the destruction of taints.

792.

"I have attended on the Teacher, the Buddha's Teaching has been done;

The heavy burden has been laid down, the cord of existence is destroyed.

793.

"For the purpose of which I went forth from the household life into homelessness;

That goal has been attained by me, the destruction of all fetters.

... The Elder Raṭṭhapāla...

5.

Verses of the Elder Mālukyaputta

794.

Having seen form, mindfulness is lost, attending to a pleasing sign;

With impassioned mind one feels, and remains holding to that.

795.

"His feelings increase, manifold ones originating from form;

Covetousness and harming, his mind becomes afflicted;

For one accumulating suffering thus, Nibbāna is said to be far away.

796.

Having heard a sound, mindfulness is lost, attending to a pleasing sign;

With impassioned mind one feels, and remains holding to that.

797.

"His feelings increase, manifold ones originating from sound;

Covetousness and harming, his mind becomes afflicted;

For one accumulating suffering thus, Nibbāna is said to be far away.

798.

Having smelt an odour, mindfulness is lost, attending to a pleasing sign;

With impassioned mind one feels, and remains holding to that.

799.

"His feelings increase, manifold ones originating from odour;

Covetousness and harming, his mind becomes afflicted;

For one accumulating suffering thus, Nibbāna is said to be far away.

800.

Having tasted a taste, mindfulness is lost, attending to a pleasing sign;

With impassioned mind one feels, and remains holding to that.

801.

"His feelings increase, manifold ones originating from taste;

Covetousness and harming, his mind becomes afflicted;

For one accumulating suffering thus, Nibbāna is said to be far away.

802.

Having experienced contact, mindfulness is lost, attending to a pleasing sign;

With impassioned mind one feels, and remains holding to that.

803.

"His feelings increase, manifold ones originating from contact;

Covetousness and harming, his mind becomes afflicted;

For one accumulating suffering thus, Nibbāna is said to be far away.

804.

Having known the Teaching, mindfulness is lost, attending to a pleasing sign;

With impassioned mind one feels, and remains holding to that.

805.

"His feelings increase, manifold ones originating from mental phenomena;

Covetousness and harming, his mind becomes afflicted;

For one accumulating suffering thus, Nibbāna is said to be far away.

806.

He does not become attached to forms, mindful after seeing a form;

With a dispassionate mind he feels, and does not hold to that.

807.

As he sees form, and also experiences feeling;

It diminishes and does not accumulate, thus he lives mindfully;

Thus diminishing suffering, it is said to be near to Nibbāna.

808.

He does not become attached to sounds, mindful after hearing a sound;

With a dispassionate mind he feels, and does not hold to that.

809.

As he hears sound, and also experiences feeling;

It diminishes and does not accumulate, thus he lives mindfully;

Thus diminishing suffering, it is said to be near to Nibbāna.

810.

He does not become attached to odours, mindful after smelling an odour;

With a dispassionate mind he feels, and does not hold to that.

811.

As he smells odour, and also experiences feeling;

It diminishes and does not accumulate, thus he lives mindfully;

Thus diminishing suffering, it is said to be near to Nibbāna.

812.

He does not become attached to tastes, mindful after tasting a taste;

With a dispassionate mind he feels, and does not hold to that.

813.

As he tastes a taste, and also experiences feeling;

It diminishes and does not accumulate, thus he lives mindfully;

Thus diminishing suffering, it is said to be near to Nibbāna.

814.

He does not become attached to contacts, mindful after experiencing contact;

With a dispassionate mind he feels, and does not hold to that.

815.

As he experiences contact, and also experiences feeling;

It diminishes and does not accumulate, thus he lives mindfully;

Thus diminishing suffering, it is said to be near to Nibbāna.

816.

He does not become attached to mind-objects, mindful after knowing a mind-object;

With a dispassionate mind he feels, and does not hold to that.

817.

As he cognizes the Teaching, and also experiences feeling;

It diminishes and does not accumulate, thus he lives mindfully;

Thus diminishing suffering, it is said to be near to Nibbāna.

... The elder Mālukyaputta...

6.

Verses of the Elder Sela

818.

"Perfect in body, radiant, well-born, beautiful to behold;

You are golden-coloured, Blessed One, with very white teeth and energetic.

819.

"For a well-born person, whatever marks there are;

All those characteristics of a great man are found in your body.

820.

"Clear-eyed, with a beautiful face, tall, upright and glorious;

In the middle of the community of ascetics, you shine like the sun.

821.

"A monk of good appearance, with skin the colour of gold;

What need have you of being an ascetic, having such supreme beauty.

822.

"You deserve to become a king, a wheel-turning monarch, chief of charioteers;

A conqueror of the four quarters, sovereign of Jambudīpa.

823.

"Noble warriors and wealthy kings will be your followers;

Supreme king, lord of men, exercise your rule, Gotama."

824.

"I am a king, Sela, (said the Blessed One) unsurpassed king of the Teaching;

By the Teaching I turn the wheel, the wheel that cannot be turned back."

825.

"You claim to be the Enlightened One," (said Sela the brahmin) "the unsurpassed king of the Teaching;

'By the Teaching I turn the wheel', thus you speak, Gotama.

826.

"Who, general, is your disciple, following the Teacher;

Who turns after you this wheel of Teaching that has been set in motion?"

827.

"The wheel that I have set in motion, (Sela," said the Blessed One) "the unsurpassed wheel of Teaching;

Sāriputta follows the Truth Finder, born in his likeness.

828.

What should be directly known has been directly known, what should be developed has been developed;

What should be abandoned has been abandoned by me, therefore I am the Enlightened One, brahmin.

829.

"Remove your perplexity regarding me, place your faith, brahmin;

The vision of the Enlightened Ones is indeed rare to obtain repeatedly.

830.

"Those whose manifestation in the world is rare to obtain repeatedly;

I, brahmin, am the Enlightened One, the unsurpassed surgeon.

831.

"Become Brahmā, incomparable, crusher of Māra's army;

Having brought all enemies under control, I rejoice without fear."

832.

"Listen to this, good sirs, how the one with vision speaks;

The great hero, the surgeon, roars like a lion in the forest.

833.

"One who has become sublime, incomparable, crusher of Māra's army;

Who, seeing him, would not gain faith, even one of dark birth?

834.

"Let one who wishes follow me, and let one who does not wish go;

Here I shall go forth in the presence of one of supreme wisdom."

835.

"If this Teaching of the fully enlightened One pleases you, sir;

We too will go forth in the presence of one with excellent wisdom.

836.

"These three hundred brahmins, with joined palms raised in reverence, beseech;

'We will live the holy life, Blessed One, in your presence.'"

837.

"Well proclaimed is the holy life, (Sela, said the Blessed One) directly visible, immediately effective;

Where the going forth is not in vain for one who trains diligently."

838.

"Since we came to refuge in you, O Vision-endowed One, eight days ago;

In seven nights, Blessed One, we are tamed in your Dispensation.

839.

"You are the Enlightened One, you are the teacher, you are the sage who has conquered Māra;

Having cut off the underlying tendencies, you have crossed over and helped this generation cross.

840.

"You have transcended acquisitions, your taints are destroyed;

Like a lion, free from clinging, having abandoned fear and terror.

841.

"These three hundred monks stand with joined palms in reverence;

Stretch forth your feet, O Hero, let these dragons pay homage to the Teacher."

... The elder Sela...

7.

Verses of the Elder Bhaddiya, Son of Kāḷigodhā

842.

"I used to ride on elephant's neck, wearing subtle garments;

Rice and curry was eaten, with pure meat sauce.

843.

"Today Bhadda is persistent, delighting in what comes to bowl from gleaning;

Meditates free from clinging, Bhaddiya son of Godhā.

844.

"A wearer of rag-robes and persistent, delighting in what comes to bowl from gleaning;

Meditates free from clinging, Bhaddiya son of Godhā.

845.

"An almsfood eater and persistent... etc...

846.

"A wearer of three robes and persistent... etc...

847.

"A house-to-house seeker and persistent... etc...

848.

"A single-session eater and persistent... etc...

849.

"An eating-from-the-bowl practitioner and persistent... etc...

850.

"A later-food refuser and persistent... etc...

851.

"A forest dweller and persistent... etc...

852.

"A tree-root dweller and persistent... etc...

853.

"An open-air dweller and persistent... etc...

854.

"A charnel-ground dweller and persistent... etc...

855.

"Any-bed user and persistent... etc...

856.

"A sitting-practice practitioner and persistent... etc...

857.

"Of few wishes and persistent... etc...

858.

"Content and persistent... etc...

859.

"Secluded and persistent... etc...

860.

"Unsociable and persistent... etc...

861.

"Of aroused energy and persistent... etc...

862.

"Having abandoned a bronze bowl worth a hundred, and one of gold with a hundred lines,

I took an earthen bowl, this is the second consecration.

863.

"In high circular ramparts, with strong watchtowers and gatehouses;

Protected by sword-wielding guards, I formerly dwelt in fright.

864.

"Today I am fortunate and fearless, having abandoned fear and terror;

Having entered the forest, Bhaddiya son of Godhā meditates.

865.

"Established in the aggregate of virtue, developing mindfulness and wisdom;

I gradually attained the destruction of all fetters."

... The elder Bhaddiya, son of Kāḷigodhā...

8.

Verses of the Elder Aṅgulimāla

866.

"Going, you say, ascetic, 'I am standing still', and you tell me who am standing still that I am not standing still;

I ask you, ascetic, about this matter, 'How are you standing while I am not standing?'"

867.

"I am always standing, Aṅgulimāla, having laid down the stick towards all beings;

But you are unrestrained towards living beings, therefore I am standing while you are not standing."

868.

"Indeed after a long time the great sage whom I revere has entered the great forest;

I will abandon a thousand evils, having heard your verse connected with the Teaching."

869.

Thus indeed the thief cast his sword and weapon into a pit, a precipice, a chasm;

The thief venerated the feet of the Fortunate One, and right there requested the going forth from the Enlightened One.

870.

And the Enlightened One who is compassionate, the great sage, who is the teacher of the world with its deities;

'Come into darkness, monk' he said then, that indeed became his monkhood.

871.

"One who was negligent before, but later is not negligent;

Like the moon freed from clouds, he illuminates this world.

872.

"One whose evil action done, is concealed by the wholesome;

Like the moon freed from clouds, he illuminates this world.

873.

"When indeed a young monk applies himself to the Buddha's teaching;

Like the moon freed from clouds, he illuminates this world.

874.

"Let the directions hear my Teaching-talk, let the directions apply themselves to the Buddha's Dispensation;

Let the directions associate with those people, who being peaceful make others drink the Teaching.

875.

"For the directions are of those who speak of patience, who praise non-conflict;

Let them hear the Teaching at the proper time, and let them follow it accordingly.

876.

"Indeed, never would he harm me, nor anyone else;

Having attained supreme peace, one should protect both the timid and the still.

877.

Irrigators lead the water, fletchers straighten the arrow shaft;

Carpenters bend wood, the wise tame themselves.

878.

"Some tame with a stick, with hooks and whips;

Without stick or sword, I am tamed by such a one.

879.

"'Non-violent' is my name, though I was violent before;

Today I am truly named, I harm nothing at all.

880.

"I was formerly a thief, known as Aṅgulimāla;

Being carried away by a great flood, I went for refuge to the Buddha.

881.

"Formerly my hands were bloody, I was known as Aṅgulimāla;

See my going for refuge, the cord of existence is destroyed.

882.

"Having done such action, much leading to bad destinations;

Touched by the result of action, I eat food free from debt.

883.

"Foolish people of poor wisdom indulge in negligence;

The wise one guards diligence like the finest wealth.

884.

"Do not pursue negligence, nor intimacy with sensual pleasure and delight;

For the diligent one who meditates attains supreme happiness.

885.

"It is well-come not ill-come, this is not badly counselled for me;

Among the distributed teachings, I have attained to what is best.

886.

"It is well-come not ill-come, this is not badly counselled for me;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done.

887.

"In the forest or at the foot of a tree, or in mountain caves;

I stood right there in various places, with an agitated mind then.

888.

"I sleep happily, I stand happily, I live my life happily;

Out of Māra's snare, oh, shown compassion by the Teacher.

889.

"Formerly I was of brahmin birth, of high descent on both sides;

Now I am a son of the Fortunate One, the Teacher, the king of the Teaching.

890.

"Without craving, without grasping, guarded in the doors, well restrained;

Having destroyed the root of misery, I attained the destruction of taints.

891.

"I have attended on the Teacher, the Buddha's Teaching has been done;

The heavy burden has been laid down, the cord of existence is destroyed."

... The elder Aṅgulimāla...

9.

Verses of the Elder Anuruddha

892.

"Having abandoned mother and father, sisters and brothers and relatives;

Having abandoned the five cords of sensual pleasure, let Anuruddha just meditate.

893.

"Accompanied by dancing and singing, awakened by cymbal and drum;

I did not attain purity through that, delighting in Māra's domain.

894.

"Having transcended this too, delighting in the Enlightened One's Teaching;

Having transcended all floods, just like Anuruddha he meditates.

895.

"Forms, sounds, tastes, odours, and delightful tactile objects;

Having transcended these too, just like Anuruddha he meditates.

896.

"Having returned from almsround, alone, without a companion, the sage;

Searches for rag-robes, Anuruddha the taintless one.

897.

"The sage selected, took, washed, dyed, and wore,

The rag-robes wisely, Anuruddha the taintless one.

898.

"One of great desires and discontent, who associates and is restless;

These things of his are evil and defiling.

899.

"One is mindful and has few wishes, content and free from vexation;

Delighting in solitude, prosperous, with energy constantly aroused.

900.

"These things of his are wholesome factors of enlightenment;

And he is taintless," so said the Great Sage.

901.

"Having known my intention, the teacher, unsurpassed in the world;

With a mind-made body, he approached through spiritual power.

902.

"When I had that intention, he taught what was beyond it;

The Enlightened One, delighting in the absence of proliferation, taught the unprolific.

903.

"Having understood his Teaching, I dwelt delighting in the Teaching;

The three true knowledges have been attained, the Buddha's teaching has been done.

904.

"For fifty-five years, since I was a sitter;

For twenty-five years, since torpor was eliminated.

905.

"There was no in-breathing and out-breathing for such a one of stable mind;

Unstirred, having attained peace, with vision, he has attained final Nibbāna.

906.

"With an unshaken mind, he endured the feeling;

Like a lamp's extinction, there was the mind's deliverance.

907.

"These are now the last contacts with the five senses of the sage;

There will be no other states when the Enlightened One has attained final Nibbāna.

908.

"Now there is no more dwelling in the class of deities, O Ensnarer;

The round of births is destroyed, now there is no renewed existence.

909.

"One who in a moment knows a thousand-fold world including the world of brahmās;

That monk, master of spiritual powers, sees deities at the time of their passing away and rebirth.

910.

"Formerly I was Annabhāra, a poor carrier of food;

I attended upon an ascetic, Upariṭṭha of great fame.

911.

"Now I am born in the Sakyan family, they know me as Anuruddha;

I was attended by dancing and singing, awakened by cymbals and drums.

912.

Then I saw the Enlightened One, the Teacher free from fear;

Having gained confidence in that, I went forth into homelessness.

913.

"I know my past lives, where I lived before;

Among the Tāvatiṃsa deities, I stood in the birth as Sakka.

914.

"Seven times as lord of humans, I exercised kingship;

A conqueror of the four quarters, sovereign of Jambudīpa;

Without stick or sword, I governed righteously.

915.

"Seven from here and seven from there, fourteen rounds of births;

I will directly know the past abode, when standing in the world of deities then.

916.

"In the fivefold concentration, peaceful and developed to unification;

Having gained tranquillity, my divine eye was purified.

917.

"I know the passing away and rebirth of beings, their destinations and destinations;

Their being thus and becoming otherwise, established in the fivefold meditation.

918.

I have attended on the Teacher... etc... the cord of existence is destroyed.

919.

"In Veḷuvagāma of the Vajjians, at life's extinction;

Below a bamboo thicket, I will attain nibbāna, taintless."

... The elder Anuruddha...

10.

Verses of the Elder Pārāpariya

920.

A thought arose in the recluse, in the great forest in bloom;

As he sat one-pointed, secluded, meditating.

921.

"When the protector of the world, the supreme person was living, it was one way;

The conduct of monks was different, now it is seen differently.

922.

"For protection from cold and wind, for covering shame with a loincloth;

They ate in moderation, content with whatever.

923.

"Whether sublime or coarse, whether little or much;

They ate for sustenance, without greed, not intent on it.

924.

"For life's requisites, medicines and other necessities;

They were not overly concerned, as they were with the destruction of taints.

925.

"In forests, at the foot of trees, in ravines and caves;

Cultivating seclusion, they dwelt with that as their destination.

926.

"Living humbly, easy to support, gentle with minds not rigid;

Not fussy, not garrulous, reflecting on the goal, following what is beneficial.

927.

"Thus their going, eating and scraping were pleasing;

Like a smooth flow of oil, such was their posture.

928.

"With all taints utterly destroyed, great meditators of great benefit;

Those elders are now quenched, few are such ones now.

929.

"Due to the utter destruction of wholesome states and of wisdom;

Endowed with all excellent qualities, the Victor's Teaching declines.

930.

"For evil states and defilements, it is the season;

Those devoted to seclusion and those who seek the true Teaching.

931.

"Those defilements increasing enter into many people;

They play, I think, with fools like demons with the insane.

932.

"Overcome by defilements, they run here and there through various discriminations;

People in the grounds of defilements, as if in a declared battle.

933.

"Having abandoned the true Teaching, they quarrel with one another;

Following wrong views, they think: 'This is better.'

934.

"Having abandoned wealth, children and wife, they left;

Even for the sake of a spoonful of almsfood, they pursue improper things.

935.

"Having eaten until their bellies are full, lying down on their backs,

How do they engage when awake in talk that is censured by the Teacher.

936.

"Having paid attention to all crafts and skills, they train in them;

Internally unpeaceful, they remain claiming the goal of asceticism.

937.

"Clay, oil, powder, water, seats and food,

They offer to householders, desiring much more in return.

938.

"Tooth-cleaner, wood-apple, flowers and solid foods,

And with almsfood complete, mangoes and myrobalan fruits.

939.

"Like doctors with medicines, like householders with duties and non-duties;

Like courtesans with adornments, like nobles with authority.

940.

"Fraudulent, deceitful, false witnesses, dishonest;

With many schemes, they consume material things.

941.

"Running after pretexts, methods, and expositions;

For the sake of livelihood, through engagement, they amass much wealth.

942.

"They establish an assembly through action, not through the Teaching;

They teach the Teaching to others for gain, not for benefit.

943.

"They speak ill of the Community's gain, outsiders from the Community;

Living off others' gains, the shameless ones are not embarrassed.

944.

"Some thus not devoted, with shaven heads, wearing outer robes;

They desire only esteem, intoxicated with gain and honour.

945.

"When there are so many different paths, it is not easy now to be actual;

To touch what has not been touched, or to protect what has been touched.

946.

"Just as in a thorny place, one would walk without sandals;

Having established mindfulness, thus a sage should walk in the village.

947.

"Remembering the former exertion, recollecting their practice;

Even though it is the last time, one may touch the Deathless state.

948.

"Having said this in the sal grove, the ascetic with developed faculties;

The brahmin attained final Nibbāna, the sage with renewed existence destroyed."

... The elder Pārāpariya...

The Book of Twenties is concluded.

Here is the summary:

Adhimutta and Pārāpariya, Telakāni and Raṭṭhapāla;

Mālukya and Sela, Bhaddiya, Aṅgulimāla and one with divine eye.

These ten Pārāpariya are declared in the twentieth;

The verses are two hundred and forty-five.

17.

The Book of Thirties

1.

Verses of Elder Phussa

949.

Having seen many who inspired confidence, with developed selves and well restrained;

A sage of the Paṇḍara clan asked the one named Phussa.

950.

"What desires and what intentions, what dispositions will they have;

In the future time, tell me that when asked."

951.

"Listen to my word, sage named Paṇḍara;

Carefully pay attention, I will tell about the future.

952.

"Prone to anger and resentful, contemptuous, obstinate, and many deceitful;

Envious and of various doctrines, they will be in the future.

953.

"Conceiving they have knowledge in the Teaching, though their range is shallow like the shore;

Taking the Teaching lightly, without reverence, disrespecting one another.

954.

"Many dangers in the world, will arise in the future;

This well-taught Teaching, the foolish will defile.

955.

"Though devoid of qualities in the Community, speaking confidently;

They will be powerful, garrulous and without learning.

956.

"Though possessing qualities in the Community, speaking according to the meaning;

They will be weak, having shame, deemed unbeneficial.

957.

"Silver and gold, fields, property, goats and sheep,

Female and male slaves, the unwise will accept in the future.

958.

"Fools with fault-finding perception, not concentrated in virtuous behaviour;

Arrogant they will wander about, delighting in quarrels, like beasts.

959.

"They will be puffed up, wearing blue robes,

Deceitful, stubborn, talkative, horned, they will go about as if noble.

960.

"With oiled hair, fickle, eyes adorned with collyrium,

They will go on the street, wearing tooth-colored robes.

961.

"The ochre robe, not disgusting to the liberated, well-dyed, banner of the worthy,

They will despise, infatuated with white robes.

962.

"They will be desirous of gain, lazy, of inferior energy,

Though living in hardship in the forests, they will dwell near villages.

963.

"Those who will obtain gain, always delighting in wrong livelihood;

Training in just that, the unrestrained will associate.

964.

"Those who do not gain, they will not be worthy of honour;

Even the virtuous wise ones, they will not serve them then.

965.

"Condemning their own banner, attached to barbarian people,

Some will wear the pure banner of other sects.

966.

"Then they will have no reverence for the ochre robe;

The monks will have no reflection regarding the ochre robe.

967.

"Overcome by suffering, pierced by the arrow, afflicted;

The great and terrible reflection of the arahant was inconceivable.

968.

"Then seeing Chaddanta, the reddish flag worthy of an arahant;

The elephant immediately spoke verses connected with the goal."

969.

"One who wears the ochre robe while not free from taints,

Devoid of self-control and truth, is not worthy of the ochre robe.

970.

"But one who has vomited the taints, well concentrated in virtuous behaviour;

Endowed with self-control and truth, that one truly deserves to wear the ochre robe.

971.

"One of failed virtue, unwise, openly doing as one pleases,

With scattered mind, without zeal, is not worthy of the ochre robe.

972.

"But one endowed with virtue, free from lust, concentrated,

With pure intention, that one is truly worthy of the ochre robe.

973.

"Agitated, proud and foolish, one in whom virtue is not found;

Is worthy of white, what can the ochre robe do.

974.

"Monks and nuns, with corrupt minds and disrespectful;

Will in the future harass those of such nature and loving-kindness.

975.

"Though the elders train them in wearing the robe, the fools;

Of poor wisdom will not listen, openly doing as they please.

976.

"Those fools thus trained, disrespectful to one another;

They will not respect their teachers, like a bad horse its charioteer.

977.

"Thus in the future course, the practice will be

Of monks and nuns, when the last time has come.

978.

"Before this great peril of the future comes,

Be easy to speak to, gentle, reverential to one another.

979.

"With minds of loving-kindness and compassion, be restrained in virtuous behavior;

Of aroused energy, resolute, constantly of firm exertion.

980.

"Having seen fear in negligence, and security in diligence;

One should develop the eightfold path, touching the deathless state."

... The elder Phussa...

2.

Verses of the Elder Sāriputta

981.

"Living thus, thus mindful, with mindfulness, with restrained intentions, a meditator, diligent;

Delighting internally, concentrated in mind, solitary, content - him they call a monk.

982.

"Eating either fresh or dried food, one should not be overly satisfied;

With unfilled belly, taking moderate food, a mindful monk should wander forth.

983.

"Having eaten four or five mouthfuls, one should drink water;

This is enough for dwelling in comfort for a resolute monk.

984.

"If that allowable robe covers one's needs,

This is enough for dwelling in comfort for a resolute monk.

985.

"When seated cross-legged, rain does not fall on the knees;

This is enough for dwelling in comfort for a resolute monk.

986.

"Who saw pleasure as suffering, saw pain as a dart;

Between both there was nothing, by what in the world could there be what?

987.

"May I never be one with evil desires, lazy, of inferior energy;

Of little learning, disrespectful, by what in the world could there be what?

988.

"But learned and wise, well concentrated in virtuous behaviour,

Devoted to serenity of mind, may one stand even at the head.

989.

"One who is devoted to proliferation, a creature delighting in proliferation;

He has missed Nibbāna, the unsurpassed security from bondage.

990.

"But one who, having abandoned proliferation, delights in the path of non-proliferation;

He has achieved Nibbāna, the unsurpassed security from bondage.

991.

Whether in village or forest, whether in lowland or highland;

Wherever Arahants dwell - that is a delightful place.

992.

Delightful are the forests where ordinary people find no delight;

Those free from lust will delight there, for they are not seekers of sensual pleasures.

993.

One who points out faults, like one who reveals treasures,

One who speaks in reproof, intelligent - one should associate with such a wise person;

For one who associates with such a person, it becomes better, not worse.

994.

"Let one exhort and instruct, and restrain from what is improper;

For such a one is dear to the good, but not dear to the bad.

995.

"The Blessed One, the Enlightened One, possessing vision, taught the Teaching to another;

While the Teaching was being taught, I directed my ear with purpose;

That hearing of mine was not in vain, I am liberated, taintless.

996.

"Neither for the knowledge of past lives, nor for the divine eye;

For spiritual power of knowing minds, passing away and rebirth;

For purification of the divine ear, I have no wish.

997.

Depending on the root of a tree, with shaven head, wearing an outer robe;

Supreme in wisdom, the elder Upatissa meditates.

998.

"Having attained the thoughtless state, a disciple of the Fully Enlightened One;

Is immediately endowed with noble silence.

999.

"Just as a rocky mountain, unshakeable, well established;

So too a monk, with delusion destroyed, like a mountain, does not tremble.

1000.

"For a being without blemish, constantly seeking purity;

Even evil the size of a hair tip appears like a cloud.

1001.

"I do not seek delight in death, I do not seek delight in life;

I will lay down this body, clearly comprehending and mindful.

1002.

"I do not seek delight in death, I do not seek delight in life;

I await my time, like a hired worker his wages.

1003.

"This is death in both ways, whether death comes later or before;

Practice! Do not perish! Let not the moment pass you by.

1004.

As a frontier city is guarded both within and without;

So you should guard yourself - do not let the moment pass you by;

For those who have missed the opportunity grieve, consigned to hell.

1005.

"Peaceful, serene, speaking wisely, not agitated;

He shakes off evil states, as wind shakes off tree leaves.

1006.

"Peaceful, serene, speaking wisely, not agitated;

He cast off evil states, as wind shakes off tree leaves.

1007.

"Peaceful, without trouble, serene, unclouded;

Of good virtue, wise, he could make an end of suffering.

1008.

"Do not trust some people thus, both householders and those gone forth;

Good people having been good become not good, not good having been become good again.

1009.

"Sensual desire and ill will, sloth and torpor of a monk;

Restlessness and doubt, these five are defilements of the mind.

1010.

"For whom, when being honoured and dishonoured, both;

Concentration does not waver, dwelling in diligence.

1011.

"That meditator who is persistent, with subtle insight seeing clearly,

Who delights in the destruction of clinging, him they call a superior person.

1012.

"The great ocean, the earth, the mountain and the wind;

Cannot be compared to the Teacher's excellent liberation.

1013.

"The elder who follows the wheel, of great knowledge, concentrated;

Like earth and fire, neither becomes impassioned nor averse.

1014.

"Having attained the perfection of wisdom, of great enlightenment, of great intelligence;

Not foolish though appearing foolish, always walks about quenched.

1015.

I have attended on the Teacher... etc... the cord of existence is destroyed.

1016.

"Accomplish it with diligence, this is my instruction;

Now I shall attain final Nibbāna, I am freed in every way."

... The elder Sāriputta...

3.

Verses of the Elder Ānanda

1017.

"With a slanderer and one prone to anger, with a miser and one who delights in destruction;

A wise person should not make friendship, evil is association with a bad person.

1018.

"With one of faith and of good character, with one who has wisdom and is learned;

A wise person should make friendship, auspicious is association with a superior person.

1019.

"Look at this painted image... etc... for whom there is no stable maintenance.

1020.

"Look at this painted image... etc... it shines with clothes.

1021.

"Decorated with red lac... etc... but not one seeking the far shore.

1022.

"Made like a chessboard... etc... but not one seeking the far shore.

1023.

"Like a newly painted... etc... but not one seeking the far shore.

1024.

"Learned and a brilliant speaker, an attendant of the Enlightened One;

With burden laid down, detached, Gotama makes his bed.

1025.

"With taints destroyed, detached, gone beyond ties, well quenched;

Bears his final body, gone beyond birth and death.

1026.

"In whom are established the teachings of the Buddha, kinsman of the sun;

On the path leading to Nibbāna, that Gotama stands.

1027.

"Eighty-two I learned from the Enlightened One, two thousand from monks;

Eighty-four thousand are the teachings that flow in me.

1028.

"This person of little learning ages like an ox;

His flesh grows, but his wisdom does not grow.

1029.

"When one of much learning despises with arrogance one of little learning because of his learning;

He appears to me just like a blind man carrying a lamp.

1030.

"One should associate with the learned, and should not destroy one's learning;

That is the root of the holy life, therefore one should be a bearer of the Teaching.

1031.

One who knows what comes first and last, who knows the meaning, skilled in language and terms;

One grasps what is well-grasped, and examines the meaning.

1032.

One is zealous through patience, having strived one weighs it;

At the right time one strives, internally well concentrated.

1033.

Who is worthy to blame one who is learned, upholds the Teaching, is wise, a disciple of the Buddha;

Desiring knowledge of the Teaching, one should associate with such a one.

1034.

Learned and bearing the Teaching, guardian of the treasury of the great seer;

The eye of the entire world, the learned one worthy of veneration.

1035.

"Delighting in the Teaching, taking pleasure in the Teaching, reflecting on the Teaching,

A monk recollecting the Teaching does not fall away from the true Teaching.

1036.

"For one heavy with bodily selfishness, who does not rise up when declining;

For one greedy for bodily pleasure, how can there be ascetic's comfort.

1037.

"All directions are not clear, the teachings do not appear to me;

When my good friend has gone, it appears like darkness.

1038.

"When companionship is past, when the Teacher has gone to the past,

There is no friend like this: mindfulness directed to the body.

1039.

"Those of old have passed away, with the new I do not fit in;

Today I meditate alone, like a bird gone to its nest."

1040.

"When many from various countries have come forward for seeing;

Do not obstruct the hearers, let them see my occasion.

1041.

"When many from various countries have come forward for seeing;

The Teacher makes opportunity, the one with vision does not obstruct.

1042.

"For twenty-five years, when I was a trainee;

No perception of sensual pleasure arose, see the excellence of the Teaching.

1043.

"For twenty-five years, when I was a trainee;

No perception of hatred arose, see the excellence of the Teaching.

1044.

"For twenty-five years, I attended on the Blessed One;

With loving-kindness in bodily action, like an unrepelled shadow.

1045.

"For twenty-five years, I attended on the Blessed One;

With loving-kindness in verbal action, like an unrepelled shadow.

1046.

"For twenty-five years, I attended on the Blessed One;

With loving-kindness in mental action, like an unrepelled shadow.

1047.

"When the Buddha was walking, I walked behind him;

While the Teaching was being taught, knowledge arose in me.

1048.

"I still have work to be done, a trainee with mind not yet attained;

And the Teacher's final Nibbāna, he who had compassion for us.

1049.

"That was terrifying, that was hair-raising;

When the Enlightened One, perfect in all aspects, had attained final Nibbāna.

1050.

Learned and bearing the Teaching, guardian of the treasury of the great seer;

The eye of the entire world, Ānanda has attained final Nibbāna.

1051.

Learned and bearing the Teaching, guardian of the treasury of the great seer;

The eye of the entire world, dispelling darkness in the dark.

1052.

"The sage who was retentive, mindful, and resolute;

The elder who upheld the true Teaching, Ānanda was a mine of jewels.

1053.

"I have attended on the Teacher, the Buddha's Teaching has been done;

The heavy burden has been laid down, now there is no renewed existence."

... The elder Ānanda...

The Book of Thirties is concluded.

Here is the summary:

Phussa, Patissa, Ānanda, these three are proclaimed;

The verses counted there are one hundred and five more;

18.

The Book of Forties

1.

Verses of the Elder Mahākassapa

1054.

"One should not go about honoured by a group, one becomes uncertain and concentration is hard to gain;

Association with various people is suffering, having seen this, one does not delight in groups.

1055.

"A sage should not visit families, one becomes uncertain and concentration is hard to gain;

That eager one, greedy for tastes, abandons the good that brings happiness.

1056.

"For they declare it to be mud, this homage and veneration in families;

A subtle dart hard to extract, honour is difficult for a bad person to give up.

1057.

"Having descended from the lodging, I entered the city for alms;

I carefully attended to a leprous person who was eating.

1058.

"He offered me a morsel with his diseased hand;

As he was placing the morsel, his finger broke off there.

1059.

"Leaning against a wall, I ate that morsel;

While eating or when eaten, disgust was not found in me.

1060.

"Leftovers for food, fermented urine for medicine,

The root of a tree for lodging, and rag-robes for clothing;

One who has mastered these, that person indeed is at home in all directions.

1061.

"Where some are exhausted, climbing a mountain;

Heir of that Enlightened One, clearly comprehending and mindful;

Supported by spiritual power, Kassapa ascends.

1062.

"Having returned from almsround, having climbed the rock, Kassapa

Meditates without clinging, having abandoned fear and terror.

1063.

"Having returned from almsround, having climbed the rock, Kassapa

Meditates without clinging, quenched among those burning.

1064.

"Having returned from almsround, having climbed the rock, Kassapa

Meditates without clinging, task done, taintless.

1065.

"Covered with garlands of karerī flowers, the delightful grounds,

Resounding with elephants' calls, those rocks delight me.

1066.

"Beautiful with blue hue, cool with water, the fine mountains,

Covered with indagopaka insects, those rocks delight me.

1067.

"Like dark blue clouds, resembling peaked dwellings,

Resounding with elephants' calls, those rocks delight me.

1068.

"With lovely surfaces rained upon, mountains frequented by sages,

Echoing with the calls of peacocks, those rocks delight me.

1069.

"Sufficient for one who wishes to meditate, when I am resolute;

Sufficient for me who seeks the goal, a resolute monk.

1070.

"Sufficient for me who seeks comfort, a resolute monk;

Sufficient for me who seeks exertion, such a resolute one.

1071.

"Like flax flowers, covered with clouds in the sky,

Filled with flocks of various birds, those rocks delight me.

1072.

"Not crowded with householders, frequented by herds of deer;

Filled with flocks of various birds, those rocks delight me.

1073.

"With clear waters and broad rocks, frequented by red deer and wild cattle;

Covered with water moss, those rocks delight me.

1074.

"Not even five-factored music gives me such delight

As for one with one-pointed mind, rightly seeing the Teaching.

1075.

"One should not do much action, should avoid people and not be energetic;

That eager one, greedy for tastes, abandons the good that brings happiness.

1076.

"One should not do much action, should avoid what is not beneficial to oneself;

The body struggles and becomes weary, suffering one finds no serenity.

1077.

"With mere lip-service, one does not even see oneself;

Walking with a stiff neck, one thinks 'I am better.'

1078.

"Though inferior, the fool thinks himself equal to the better;

The wise do not praise that person with a rigid mind.

1079.

"One who thinks 'I am better', or else 'I am not better';

'I am inferior or equal', does not waver in discriminations.

1080.

"One who is wise, such, well concentrated in virtuous behaviour;

With unsurpassed serenity of mind, if wise persons praise such a one.

1081.

"For one who has no reverence for fellow spiritual practitioners;

One is far from the true Teaching, as the sky is from the earth.

1082.

"Those who have sense of shame and fear of wrongdoing, always rightly maintained;

Having increased in the holy life, their renewed existence is destroyed.

1083.

"An agitated and restless monk, covered with a rag-robe;

Like a monkey in a lion's skin, he is not beautified by it.

1084.

Not agitated, not restless, alert, with restrained faculties;

He shines with a rag-robe, like a lion in a mountain cave.

1085.

"These many deities, of spiritual power and glory;

Ten thousand deities, all belonging to the brahmā realm.

1086.

"The hero, general of the Teaching, great meditator, concentrated;

They stand with reverential salutation, paying homage to Sariputta.

1087.

"'Homage to you, thoroughbred among persons, homage to you, highest among persons;

We do not directly know that one, depending on whom he meditates.

1088.

"Wonderful indeed is the range of the Buddhas, profound and their own;

Which we do not directly know, though we have come together as hair-splitters.'

1089.

"Then seeing Sāriputta, who was thus worshipped by the hosts of deities,

Worthy of worship, there was a smile from Kappina.

1090.

"In the whole of the Buddha's field, except for the great sage;

In the ascetic qualities I am outstanding, none is found equal to me.

1091.

"I have attended on the Teacher, the Buddha's Teaching has been done;

The heavy burden has been laid down, now there is no renewed existence.

1092.

"Not in robe, not in bed, not in food does he cling;

Gotama is immeasurable, like a lotus flower without stain;

Slanting towards renunciation through water, gone beyond the three existences.

1093.

"With foundations of mindfulness as his neck, faith as his trunk, the great sage;

Wisdom as his head, of great knowledge, always walks about quenched."

... The Elder Mahākassapa...

The Book of Forties is concluded.

Here is the summary:

In the Chapter of Forty Verses, named after Mahākassapa;

One elder alone with verses, numbering forty-two.

19.

The Book of Fifties

1.

Verses of the Elder Tālapuṭa

1094.

"When indeed shall I dwell in mountain caverns, alone without a companion;

Seeing all existence as impermanent, when indeed will this happen to me.

1095.

"When indeed shall I, a sage wearing torn robes, clothed in ochre, without mine, without hope;

Having destroyed lust and hatred and likewise delusion, dwell happily gone to the wilds.

1096.

"When will I dwell fearlessly seeing this body as impermanent, a nest of death and disease, afflicted by death, aging and life-term;

Alone in the forest - when indeed will this happen?

1097.

"When indeed will I take up the sharp sword of wisdom

And cut the craving creeper that brings fear and suffering, following manifold discriminations - when indeed will this happen?

1098.

"When indeed will I take up the weapon of wisdom with blazing heat, the teacher of seers;

And suddenly break Māra with his army on the lion's throne - when indeed will this happen?

1099.

"When indeed will I be seen in gatherings with the good ones, with such ones who revere the Teaching;

Who see things as they really are, with controlled faculties, striving - when indeed will this happen?

1100.

"When indeed will laziness, hunger and thirst, wind and heat, insects and serpents;

They will not oppress me in Giribbaja - when indeed will this happen?

1101.

When indeed will that which was known by the Great Sage, the four noble truths so hard to see;

With concentrated mind and mindful I shall go - when indeed will this happen through wisdom?

1102.

When indeed regarding boundless forms and sounds, odours, tastes, tangibles and mind-objects;

Seeing them as burning, endowed with serenity, I shall see with wisdom - when indeed will this happen to me?

1103.

When indeed being spoken to harshly, on that account I shall not be uncertain in mind;

And when praised, on that account I shall not be elated - when indeed will this happen to me?

1104.

When indeed regarding wood and grass and creepers, these aggregates and boundless mind-objects;

When indeed will I weigh internal and external equally - when indeed will this happen to me?

1105.

When indeed will the rain cloud of the rainy season, with fresh water in the forest, drench me with my robe;

While going on the path trodden by sages - when indeed will this happen?

1106.

When indeed will I, having heard in the forest the cry of the crested peacock, a twice-born, in a mountain cave;

Rise up for the attainment of the Deathless and reflect - when indeed will this happen?

1107.

When indeed will I cross unhindered through spiritual power the Ganges, Yamuna, Sarassati;

The ocean-flowing Vaḷavāmukha - when indeed will this terrifying feat happen?

1108.

When indeed will I, like a dragon moving unhindered, break through desire for the cords of sensual pleasure -

Avoiding all signs of beauty, absorbed in meditation - when indeed will this happen?

1109.

"When, like a poor man in debt oppressed by creditors, having found a treasure;

I shall be happy having achieved the Teaching of the great sage - when indeed will this happen?

1110.

"For many years you have begged me: 'This life in the house is enough for you';

Now that I have gone forth, mind, why do you not urge me on?

1111.

"Did you not, mind, beg me: 'In Giribbaja the birds with colourful wings';

The thunder of great Indra's voice resounds, they will delight that meditator in the forest.

1112.

"Family, friends and dear relatives, playful delight and the cord of sensual pleasure in the world;

Having abandoned all, I have come to this, yet still, mind, you are not satisfied with me.

1113.

"This is mine alone, not others'; what is the use of lamenting at the time of arming oneself?

Seeing all this as unstable, I went forth seeking the state of the Deathless.

1114.

"The supreme speaker among humans, the great physician, the tamer of those to be tamed;

'The mind is fickle like a monkey, thus, for one with lust not gone, it is very hard to restrain'.

1115.

"For sensual pleasures are diverse, sweet and delightful, where worldlings who lack wisdom rely on;

Those seeking renewed existence desire suffering, led by the mind they are cast down into hell.

1116.

'Living in a forest resounding with peacocks and herons, surrounded by leopards and tigers;

Abandon concern for the body, do not miss the opportunity,' thus indeed my mind urged me before.

1117.

'Develop the meditations and the faculties, and the powers, development of the enlightenment factors and concentration;

And attain the three true knowledges in the Buddha's Dispensation,' thus indeed my mind urged me before.

1118.

'Develop the path for the attainment of the Deathless, leading out and grounded upon the destruction of all suffering;

The eightfold path that cleanses all defilements,' thus indeed my mind urged me before.

1119.

"'Carefully contemplate the aggregates as suffering, and abandon that from which suffering arises;

Make an end of suffering right here,' thus indeed my mind urged me before.

1120.

"'Carefully see as impermanent and suffering, as empty and non-self, and as misery that destroys;

Restrain the mind's examinations of the heart,' thus indeed my mind urged me before.

1121.

"'Shaven-headed, ugly, having come to be cursed, with bowl in hand, going among families for alms;

Apply yourself to the word of the Teacher, the Great Sage,' thus indeed my mind urged me before.

1122.

"'Well-restrained in self, walking along the streets, with mind unattached to families and sensual pleasures;

Like the moon on a bright full-moon night,' thus indeed my mind urged me before.

1123.

"Be a forest-dweller and an almsfood-eater, be a cemetery-dweller and a rag-robe-wearer;

Be one who always sits and delights in austerities,' thus indeed my mind urged me before.

1124.

"Having planted trees so they would bear fruit, you wish to cut down that very tree at the root;

Similarly you make this mind, when you urge me who am impermanent and unstable.

1125.

"O formless one, far-wandering, solitary-faring, I will not now do your bidding;

For sensual pleasures are painful, bitter, of great fear, I will wander with my mind turned to Nibbāna.

1126.

"Not because of unluckiness or shamelessness, not because of mind or because of going far away;

And I did not go forth for the sake of livelihood, and I made a promise to you, mind.

1127.

'Fewness of wishes is praised by superior persons, abandoning contempt is the subsiding of suffering';

Thus indeed my mind urged me then, now you go to your former habits.

1128.

"Craving and ignorance and what is dear and not dear, beautiful forms and pleasant feelings;

The agreeable cords of sensual pleasure are vomited out, and I am not able to swallow what has been vomited.

1129.

In every way I have done what you wanted, mind, through many births you were not angered by me;

This internal origination is due to your gratitude, for a long time we have wandered in suffering created by you.

1130.

You alone, mind, make us brahmins, you make us nobles and kings;

Sometimes we become merchants and workers, and even deities because of you.

1131.

Because of you we become titans, through you we become hell beings;

And sometimes even animals, and becoming ghosts too is because of you.

1132.

"Will you not betray me again and again, showing me like a magician's trick repeatedly?

You tempt me as though I were mad, although I have offended you, mind.

1133.

"Formerly this mind wandered where it wished, where it desired, as it pleased;

Today I shall thoroughly restrain it, as a mahout controls a rutting elephant.

1134.

The Teacher has shown me this world as impermanent, unstable, without substance;

Leap forth, mind, into the Victor's Teaching, carry me across the floods so difficult to cross.

1135.

This is not like before for you, mind, I am not able to return under your control;

I have gone forth in the Dispensation of the Great Sage, those like me are not bearers of destruction.

1136.

"Dragons, oceans, rivers, the earth, the four directions, the intermediate directions, below, the sky;

All three existences are impermanent and afflicted; where will you go, mind, to find pleasant delight?

1137.

"What more will you do with steadfastness, my mind? I am not fit, mind, to be your follower;

Never would I touch a bellows with two mouths, wretched is this body flowing from nine streams.

1138.

"In mountain slopes frequented by boars and antelopes, naturally beautiful in their rugged cliffs;

In forests sprinkled by fresh rain in the rainy season, there in a cave dwelling you will delight.

1139.

"Birds with beautiful blue necks, fine crests and tail feathers, with beautiful wings covered in colourful patterns;

The thunder of their sweet voices resounds, they will delight that meditator in the forest.

1140.

"When it rains and the grass is four fingers high, and the forest in full bloom is like a cloud;

I shall lie between the trees like one on a branch, and that will be as soft as cotton to me.

1141.

"I shall do as one in control, let what is gained be enough for me;

I shall not do as one who is untiring, like a cat's bag that is well trampled.

1142.

"I shall do as one in control, let what is gained be enough for me;

By energy I shall bring that under my control, like a skilled mahout controls a rutting elephant.

1143.

"With you well tamed and settled, like a straight horse with a skilled trainer;

I am able to enter upon the auspicious path, always cultivated by those who guard the mind.

1144.

"I shall bind you forcefully to the object, like an elephant to a post with a strong rope;

Well guarded by me, well developed by mindfulness, you will be independent in all states of existence.

1145.

"Having cut off with wisdom those who follow the wrong path, having restrained through exertion and established on the path;

Having seen the origin, extermination and origination, you will be the heir of the one of supreme doctrine.

1146.

"My mind, established in the power of the four perversions, led me around like a village circle;

Do you not associate with the compassionate great sage who cuts off the bondage of fetters?

1147.

"Like a deer roaming free in the beautifully adorned forest, on the delightful mountain wreathed in rain clouds;

There I will delight in the uncrowded mountain, without doubt, mind, you will be overcome.

1148.

"Whatever happiness men and women who are under the power of your desire experience;

"Ignorant are your disciples, following Māra's will, delighting in existence."

... The elder Tālapuṭa...

The Book of Fifties is concluded.

Here is the summary:

In the Chapter of Fifty, one pure Tālapuṭa;

The verses counted there are fifty and five more.

20.

The Book of Sixties

1.

Verses of the Elder Mahāmoggallāna

1149.

"Forest dwellers, almsfood eaters, delighting in what comes to the bowl;

We destroy Death's army, internally well concentrated.

1150.

"Forest dwellers, almsfood eaters, delighting in what comes to the bowl;

We shake off Death's army, as an elephant a hut of reeds.

1151.

"Those who dwell at the foot of trees, persistent, delighting in what comes to the bowl;

We destroy Death's army, internally well concentrated.

1152.

"Those who dwell at the foot of trees, persistent, delighting in what comes to the bowl;

We shake off Death's army, as an elephant a hut of reeds.

1153.

"In this hut of bones and skeleton, sewn together with flesh and sinews;

Cursed be this foul-smelling body, cherishing another's body.

1154.

"Bag of filth wrapped in skin, haunted by demons;

Nine streams in your body, which are always flowing.

1155.

"Your body with nine streams, maker of foul smell, an obstruction;

A monk avoids that, as one desiring cleanliness avoids excrement.

1156.

"If people knew you as I know you;

They would avoid you from afar, like a cesspit in the rains."

1157.

"So it is, great hero, as you say, ascetic;

Here some sink down, like an old cow in mud.

1158.

"If one were to conceive of painting space yellow;

Or with any other colour, that would only result in vexation.

1159.

"That mind is like space, internally well concentrated;

Do not attack one with an evil mind, like a bird against a mass of fire.

1160.

"Look at this painted image, this body full of sores, built up;

Afflicted and full of intentions, for whom there is no stable maintenance.

1161.

"Look at this adorned form, with jewels and earrings;

Bones wrapped in skin, it shines with clothes.

1162.

"Feet painted with red lac, face smeared with powder;

Enough to delude a fool, but not one seeking the far shore.

1163.

"Hair arranged in eight plaits, eyes anointed with collyrium;

Enough to delude a fool, but not one seeking the far shore.

1164.

"Like a newly painted vessel, this adorned foul body;

Enough to delude a fool, but not one seeking the far shore.

1165.

"The hunter laid a snare, but the deer did not fall into the trap;

Having eaten the fodder, let us go, while the trappers weep.

1166.

"The hunter's snare is cut, the deer did not fall into the trap;

Having eaten the fodder, let us go, while the deer-hunters grieve.

1167.

"That was terrifying, that was hair-raising;

When Sariputta, endowed with manifold qualities, was quenched.

1168.

"Impermanent indeed are formations, subject to arising and passing away.

Having arisen, they cease, their subsiding is happiness.

1169.

"They penetrate the subtle, like an arrow through a hair-tip;

Those who see the five aggregates as other, not as self.

1170.

"Those who see formations as other, not as self;

They pierced the subtle, like an arrow through a hair-tip.

1171.

"As if struck by a spear, as if burning on the head;

For abandoning sensual lust, a mindful monk should wander forth.

1172.

"As if struck by a spear, as if burning on the head;

For abandoning lust for existence, a mindful monk should wander forth."

1173.

"Urged on by one with developed self, bearing his final body;

I shook Migāra's Mother's Palace with my big toe.

1174.

"This is not to be undertaken loosely, this is not with little strength;

Nibbāna is to be attained, freedom from all knots.

1175.

"This young monk, this supreme person;

Bears his final body, having conquered Māra with his army.

1176.

"Lightning strikes through the openings of Vebhāra and Paṇḍava;

Gone to a mountain cave he meditates, the son of the Incomparable One, such a one.

1177.

"Peaceful, stilled, the sage dwelling in remote lodgings;

Heir of the supreme Buddha, honoured by the brahmā.

1178.

"The peaceful, stilled sage, dwelling in remote lodgings;

Brahmin, pay homage to Kassapa, the heir of the supreme Buddha.

1179.

"Though one might pass through a hundred births, all in brahmin families;

Well-versed and accomplished in the scriptures, again and again among human beings.

1180.

"Even if one were a teacher, master of the three Vedas;

This homage to him is not worth a sixteenth part.

1181.

"He who experienced the eight liberations before the meal;

Forward and backward, and then goes for alms.

1182.

"Do not attack such a monk, brahmin, do not dig your own grave;

Let your mind be confident in such an Arahant;

Quickly make reverential salutation, do not let your head be tangled.

1183.

He does not see the true Teaching, being led by the round of births;

Going downward on a crooked path, he runs along the wrong path.

1184.

Like a worm smeared with dung, resolved upon formations;

Immersed in gain and honour, empty he goes, a hollow man.

1185.

But see this one coming, Sariputta so good to see;

Liberated in both ways, internally well concentrated.

1186.

Free from the dart, with bondages destroyed, with the three true knowledges, gone beyond death;

Worthy of gifts from human beings, an unsurpassed field of merit.

1187.

"These many deities, of spiritual power and glory;

Ten thousand deities, all brahmā's ministers;

Stand with reverential salutation, paying homage to Moggallana.

1188.

"'Homage to you, thoroughbred among persons, homage to you, highest among persons;

Your taints are destroyed, you are worthy of offerings, good sir.'

1189.

Venerated by the king of men, arisen as one who has overcome death;

Like a lotus by water, he is unsullied by formations.

1190.

That monk who in a moment knows a thousand-fold world including the world of brahmās, a master;

Of spiritual powers, sees deities at the time of their passing away and rebirth.

1191.

"Like Sāriputta in wisdom, virtue and peace;

That monk who has gone to the far shore would be supreme to this extent.

1192.

"In an instant I create a hundred thousand million individual existences;

I am skilled in transformations, I have mastered spiritual power.

1193.

"Gone to perfection in concentration, true knowledge and mastery, Moggallāna by clan in the Teaching of the Enlightened One;

The wise one with concentrated faculties cut off completely, like a bull elephant a rotten creeper's bondage.

1194.

"I have attended on the Teacher, the Buddha's Teaching has been done;

The heavy burden has been laid down, the cord of existence is destroyed.

1195.

"That goal for which I went forth from the household life into homelessness;

That goal has been attained by me, the destruction of all fetters.

1196.

"What kind of hell was it, where Dussī suffered;

For attacking the disciple Vidhura, and the brahmin Kakusandha.

1197.

"There were a hundred iron stakes, each bringing its own feeling;

Such was the hell where Dussī suffered;

For attacking the disciple Vidhura, and the brahmin Kakusandha.

1198.

"The monk who directly knows this is a disciple of the Buddha;

Having attacked such a monk, Dark One, you will come to suffering.

1199.

"In the middle of a lake stand mansions lasting for an aeon;

Beautiful like beryl, radiant and luminous;

There celestial nymphs dance, many and of diverse beauty.

1200.

"One who directly knows this...etc... Dark One, you will come to suffering.

1201.

"One who indeed was rebuked by the Buddha, in sight of the Community of monks;

He shook the Migāramātu mansion with his big toe.

1202.

"One who directly knows this...etc... Dark One, you will come to suffering.

1203.

"One who made the Vejayanta mansion shake with his big toe;

Supported by spiritual power, he caused the deities to be stirred with urgency.

1204.

"One who directly knows this...etc... Dark One, you will come to suffering.

1204.

"One who directly knows this...etc... Dark One, you will come to suffering.

1205.

"Who in Vejayanta Palace questions Sakka thus:

'Do you know, friend, the liberations that come with the destruction of craving?'

Sakka answered him when questioned, truthfully.

1206.

"One who directly knows this...etc... Dark One, you will come to suffering.

1207.

"One who questioned Brahmā, standing in the assembly hall Sudhamma;

Friend, do you still have today that view which was your view before;

Do you see the luminous one passing through in the brahmā world.

1208.

And that brahmā answered him, when questioned, according to the truth;

"No, friend, I do not have the view that I had before.

1209.

"I see the luminous one passing through in the brahmā world;

How should I speak today, I who am permanent and eternal.

1210.

"One who directly knows this...etc... Dark One, you will come to suffering.

1211.

One who has contacted through liberation the peak of Mount Meru;

The forest of the Eastern Videhas, and the people who dwell on the earth.

1212.

"The monk who directly knows this is a disciple of the Buddha;

Having attacked such a monk, Dark One, you will come to suffering.

1213.

"Fire does not think, 'I burn the fool';

But the fool, having attacked the blazing fire, burns himself.

1214.

Even so you, Māra, having attacked the Truth Finder;

You will burn yourself, like a fool touching fire.

1215.

Māra has produced demerit, having attacked the Truth Finder;

What do you think, Evil One, will not my evil ripen?

1216.

"Evil accumulates for you who does it, for a long time, End-maker;

Māra, be disenchanted with the Buddha, do not place hope in the monks.

1217.

"Thus did the monk in Bhesakaḷā Grove rebuke Māra;

Then that spirit, depressed, disappeared right there."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Mahāmoggallāna speak these verses.

The Book of Sixties is concluded.

Here is the summary:

In the chapter of sixty verses, Moggallāna of great spiritual power;

Alone in the Verses of the Elders, there are sixty-eight of them.

21.

The Great Book

1.

Verses of the Elder Vaṅgīsa

1218.

"Having gone forth in peace from home into homelessness;

Thoughts rush forward, these bold ones from the dark.

1219.

"Great archers, sons of nobles, trained, with strong bows;

Could surround on all sides, a thousand of the non-fleeing ones.

1220.

"Even if more women than that should come;

They will not afflict me, as I am established in righteous Teaching.

1221.

For I have heard this directly from the Buddha, the Kinsman of the Sun;

The path that leads to Nibbāna, there my mind delights.

1222.

"If you approach me while I am dwelling thus, Evil One;

I shall act in such a way, Death, that you will not even see my path.

1223.

"Having abandoned discontent and delight, and all thoughts connected with the household;

One should not create a thicket anywhere - that Buddhist monk is without thicket, without desire.

1224.

"Whatever in this world pertaining to earth and sky, any form grounded upon the world;

All that is impermanent wastes away, understanding this the wise live their lives.

1225.

"People are greedy for acquisitions, in what is seen, heard, impinged upon and sensed;

Here, unstirred, dispel desire; they call him a sage who is not defiled by these.

1226.

"Then the sixty views with thoughts, settled in what is not the Teaching of the worldling;

He does not go along with groups anywhere, nor is that monk one who grasps at inertia.

1227.

"Capable, concentrated for a long time, not deceitful, alert, free from longing;

The sage has attained the peaceful state, dependent, quenched, he awaits the time.

1228.

"Abandon conceit, O Gotama, abandon the path of conceit completely;

Intoxicated on the path of conceit, he was regretful for a long time.

1229.

People smeared with contempt, struck down by conceit, flee to hell;

People sorrow for a long time, struck down by conceit, having been reborn in hell.

1230.

A Buddhist monk never sorrows, who has conquered the path, practising rightly;

He experiences fame and happiness, they call him a seer of the Teaching in actuality.

1231.

Therefore here one who strives without barrenness, abandoning the hindrances, purified;

And completely giving up conceit, makes an end through true knowledge, at peace.

1232.

"I am burning with sensual lust, my mind is on fire;

Please tell me a good extinguishing, out of compassion, Gotama.

1233.

"Due to the perversion of perception, your mind burns;

Shun the sign of beauty connected with lust.

1234.

Develop the mind on the unattractive, one-pointed and well concentrated;

Let mindfulness be established in the body, become full of revulsion.

1235.

"Develop the signless, and abandon the underlying tendency to conceit;

Then through the breakthrough of conceit, you will live at peace.

1236.

"One should speak only such words that would not torment oneself;

One should not harm others, that indeed is well-spoken speech.

1237.

One should speak only loving speech, speech that brings delight;

Not taking up evil things, one speaks what is dear to others.

1238.

"True speech is indeed deathless - this is an ancient principle;

In truth, good and the Teaching, they say, the peaceful ones are established.

1239.

The speech that the Enlightened One speaks is secure for the attainment of Nibbāna;

For making an end of suffering - that indeed is the highest of speech.

1240.

"One of deep wisdom and intelligence, skilled in what is and is not the path;

Sāriputta has great wisdom, he teaches the Teaching to the monks.

1241.

"He teaches in brief, and speaks in detail;

Like the sound of a mynah bird, his ingenuity soars forth.

1242.

While he was teaching, they heard his sweet voice;

With a delightful tone, pleasing and graceful;

With uplifted minds and altruistic joy, the monks lend their ear.

1243.

"Today on the fifteenth, for purification, five hundred monks have gathered;

The sages who have cut off the bondage of fetters, free from trouble, with renewed existence destroyed.

1244.

"Just as a wheel-turning monarch, surrounded by ministers;

Goes all around this great earth bounded by the ocean.

1245.

"Thus the unsurpassed caravan leader who has won the battle;

Is attended by disciples with the three knowledges who have abandoned death.

1246.

"All are sons of the Blessed One, no chaff is found here;

I pay homage to the kinsman of the sun, destroyer of the dart of craving.

1247.

"More than a thousand monks attend upon the Fortunate One;

Teaching the stainless Teaching, Nibbāna free from fear.

1248.

They hear the stainless Teaching, taught by the Perfectly Enlightened One;

Indeed, the Enlightened One shines, honoured by the Community of monks.

1249.

"You are named 'Dragon', O Blessed One, seventh of the sages among sages;

Having become like a great cloud, you rain upon your disciples.

1250.

"Having left the day's abiding, desiring to see the Teacher;

Your disciple, O Great Hero, Vaṅgisa pays homage at your feet.

1251.

"Having overcome Māra's path of wrong, he walks breaking the barrenness;

See him, who makes release from bonds, like a sickle dividing into portions.

1252.

"For crossing over the flood, he taught the path in various ways;

And when that Deathless was taught, the seers of the Teaching stand unshakeable.

1253.

"The Light-maker penetrated and saw the transcendence of all stability;

Having known and realised, he taught the highest to the ten directions.

1254.

"When the Teaching is thus well taught, what negligence is there for those who cognize the Teaching;

Therefore in that Blessed One's Dispensation, being diligent, one should always train in homage.

1255.

"That elder Koṇḍañña, enlightened after the Enlightened One, of intense endeavour;

One gains pleasant dwellings and frequent seclusions.

1256.

"Whatever should be attained by a disciple who carries out the Teacher's instruction;

That is attained by all who train diligently.

1257.

"Of great might, of triple knowledge, skilled in the ways of others' minds;

Koṇḍañña, heir of the Enlightened One, pays homage at the Teacher's feet.

1258.

"Seated on the mountain's slope, the sage who has gone beyond suffering;

Is attended by disciples with the three knowledges who have abandoned death.

1259.

"Moggallāna of great spiritual power, encompasses with his mind;

Examining their minds, liberated, free from acquisitions.

1260.

"Thus perfect in all factors, the sage who has gone beyond suffering;

Perfect in many aspects, they attend on Gotama.

1261.

"Like the moon in a cloudless sky, shining stainless like the sun;

Even so, Aṅgīrasa, you great sage, surpass the whole world in glory.

1262.

"Intoxicated with poetry we used to wander before, from village to village, from town to town;

Then we saw the Enlightened One, who has gone beyond all phenomena.

1263.

"He taught me the Teaching, the sage who has gone beyond suffering;

Having heard the Teaching we were gladdened, faith arose in us.

1264.

"Having heard his word, and having understood the aggregates, the bases,

And the elements, I went forth into homelessness.

1265.

Indeed for the good of many, Truth Finders arise;

For women and men who are doers of the Teaching.

1266.

"Indeed for their benefit the sage attained enlightenment;

For monks and nuns who see the state free from defilements.

1267.

"Well taught by the One with Vision, the Enlightened One, kinsman of the sun;

The four noble truths, out of compassion for living beings.

1268.

"Suffering, the origin of suffering, and the overcoming of suffering;

The noble eightfold path, leading to the peace of suffering.

1269.

"Thus these were spoken, I have seen them as they really are;

My own goal has been attained, the Buddha's Teaching has been done.

1270.

"It was indeed a good coming for me, in the presence of the Buddha;

Among the well-distributed teachings, I have attained to what is best.

1271.

"I have attained the perfection of direct knowledge, purified the element of ear;

I am one of triple knowledge, have attained spiritual powers, am skilled in the ways of others' minds.

1272.

"I ask the teacher of incomparable wisdom, who in this very life is the cutter of doubts;

At Aggāḷava a monk passed away, known, famous, with a quenched self.

1273.

"Nigrodha Kappa was his name, made by you, Blessed One, for that brahmin;

He wandered venerating you, anxious for freedom, with energy aroused, seeing the firm Teaching.

1274.

"O Sakka, we all wish to know that disciple, O All-seeing One;

Our ears are ready for listening, you are our Teacher, you are unsurpassed."

1275.

"Cut off our doubt, tell me this, O One of vast wisdom, make known to me the one who has attained final Nibbāna;

Speak to us from the middle, O all-seeing one, like Sakka, the thousand-eyed one among deities.

1276.

"Whatever knots there are here on the path of delusion, belonging to not knowing, states of doubt;

Having reached the Truth Finder, they are no more, for this is the supreme eye for persons.

1277.

"If indeed a person would never the defilements, as wind would disperse a mass of clouds;

All the world would be enveloped in darkness, and even those possessing light would not shine.

1278.

"The wise become makers of light, and that, O hero, I think is just so;

We have come to one who sees and knows, reveal to us the aeon in the assemblies.

1279.

"Quickly raise your sweet sweet voice, like a swan lifting up sing softly;

With a well-modulated melodious voice, we all listen with rapt attention.

1280.

"Having completely abandoned birth and death, having restrained, I will speak the Teaching of the cleansed one;

For there is no free will for worldlings, but there is considered action for the Thus Come Ones.

1281.

"Your explanation is complete, grasped by one of upright wisdom;

This is the final reverential salutation well-offered, do not delude one who knows, O one of matchless wisdom.

1282.

"Having understood the noble Teaching in all its aspects, do not delude one who knows, O one of matchless energy;

Like one scorched by heat seeking water, I long for your speech, pour forth what is learned.

1283.

"For what purpose did Kappāyana live the holy life, was it truly not in vain;

Did he attain extinction or with residue remaining, how was he liberated - let us hear that.

1284.

"'He cut off craving here for name-and-form,

(Thus said the Blessed One) the Dark One's stream that had long lain latent;

He crossed over birth and death completely,' thus spoke the Blessed One, foremost of the five.

1285.

"Having heard this I am pleased with your word, O supreme of seers;

Not in vain indeed was my question, the brahmin did not deceive me.

1286.

"As he spoke, so he acted, was the disciple of the Enlightened One;

He cut through Death's net, strongly woven by the deceitful one.

1287.

"The Blessed One saw the beginning of clinging, he of the aeon;

Indeed, he crossed over, he of the aeons, Death's realm so hard to transcend.

1288.

"I venerate that deity of deities, your son, O best of bipeds;

A true son, great hero, an arahant born of the arahant."

Thus indeed did the Venerable Elder Vaṅgīsa speak these verses.

Speak these verses.

The Great Book is concluded.

Here is the summary:

In the Chapter of Seventy, Vaṅgīsa of ready wit;

Only one elder, there is no other, seventy-one verses.

The Verses of the Elder Monks are concluded.

Here is the summary:

Those verses are one thousand three hundred and sixty;

And two hundred and sixty-four elders are revealed.

Having roared the lion's roar, the taintless sons of the Enlightened One;

Having reached security, are quenched like masses of fire.

The Verses of the Elder Monks is concluded.

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