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Homage to the Blessed One, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One

The Collection of Minor Texts

The Book of Birth Stories

(First Part)

1.

The Book of Ones

1.

The Chapter on the Unmistakable

1.

The Incontrovertible Birth Story

1.

Some say one state is incontrovertible, while reasoners speak of a second;

Understanding this, the wise one should take up what is incontrovertible.

First: The Incontrovertible Birth Story.

2.

The Desert Path Birth Story

2.

Untiring, digging in the desert path, they found water in the dry ground;

Thus the sage, endowed with the power of energy, untiring finds peace of heart.

Second: The Desert Path Birth Story.

3.

The Birth Story of the Merchant Seriva

3.

If you here miss out on the fixed course of the true Teaching;

You will long regret it, like the merchant Seriva.

The Birth Story of the Merchant Seriva, the third.

4.

The Birth Story of the Minor Merchant

4.

Even with little, the wise one, discerning with capital,

Raises oneself up, like a small fire when fanned.

The Birth Story of the Minor Merchant, the fourth.

5.

The Birth Story of the Measure of Rice

5.

What is the worth of a measure of rice, of the value of horses, speak O king;

Bārāṇasī inside and out, that is the worth of a measure of rice.

The Birth Story of the Measure of Rice, the fifth.

6.

The Birth Story of the Divine Qualities

6.

Endowed with moral shame and fear of wrongdoing, concentrated on wholesome qualities;

The peaceful superior persons in the world are called those of divine qualities.

The Birth Story of the Divine Qualities, the sixth.

7.

The Birth Story of the Wood Gatherer

7.

Great king, I am your son, ruler of people, you should support me;

The deity supports others too, why should the deity support only his own generation?

The Birth Story of the Wood Gatherer, the seventh.

8.

The Birth Story of the Village Chief

8.

Even for those who do not hurry, the hope for fruits succeeds;

I have fulfilled the holy life, know this, village chief.

The Birth Story of the Village Chief, the eighth.

9.

The Birth Story of Maghadeva

9.

The hair growing on my head, these have become grey with age;

The divine messengers have appeared, it is time for my going forth.

The Birth Story of Maghadeva, the ninth.

10.

The Birth Story of Living Happily

10.

One who others do not guard, and who does not guard others;

That king indeed sleeps happily, having no longing for sensual pleasures.

The Birth Story of Living Happily, the tenth.

The Chapter on the Incontrovertible is first.

Here is its summary -

The excellent incontrovertible, the desert path, the excellent merchant, the clear-sighted one, and of the measure of rice;

Shame, son, excellent, village chief, and the one who does not guard makes ten.

2.

The Chapter on Virtue

11.

The Birth Story of the Deer Lakkhaṇa

11.

There is benefit for those of virtuous behavior, for those who live with hospitality;

See Lakkhaṇa coming, honoured by the assembly of relatives;

But see this dark one, indeed very low among relatives.

The Birth Story of the Deer Lakkhaṇa, First.

12.

The Birth Story of the Deer Nigrodha

12.

One should resort only to the banyan tree, should not dwell near a branch;

Better to die by the banyan tree than life by a branch.

The Birth Story of the Deer Nigrodha, Second.

13.

The Birth Story of Kaṇḍi

13.

Curse on the arrow of Kaṇḍi, the person who shoots deep;

Curse on that country, where a woman is the leader;

Those beings are despised too, who have come under the control of women."

The Birth Story of Kaṇḍi, the Third.

14.

The Birth Story of the Wind-Deer

14.

Nothing indeed is worse than tastes, or dwellings, or intimacies;

The wind-deer dependent on the thicket, Sañjaya led into control through tastes."

The Birth Story of the Wind-Deer, the Fourth.

15.

The Birth Story of Kharādiya

15.

The eight-hoofed deer, O Kharādiya, with crooked, twisted horns;

Having let seven occasions pass, one cannot exhort him."

The Birth Story of Kharādiya, the Fifth.

16.

The Birth Story of the Three-Postures Deer

16.

The deer of three postures with many deceits, eight-hoofed, drinking at midnight;

Breathing on the ground with one ear, nephew was defeated by six parts."

The Birth Story of the Three-Postures Deer, the Sixth.

17.

The Birth Story of the Wind

17.

Whether in the dark or in the bright fortnight, whenever the wind blows;

For cold things born of wind, both are undefeated."

The Birth Story of the Wind, the Seventh.

18.

Birth-Offering Birth Story

18.

If beings knew thus, suffering is the origin of birth;

No living being would kill a living being, for one who kills living beings grieves.

The Birth-Offering Birth Story Eighth.

19.

Requested-Offering Birth Story

19.

If freed, one is freed after death, for one being freed is bound;

The wise are not freed thus, freedom for a fool is bondage.

The Requested-Offering Birth Story Ninth.

20.

Reed-Drinking Birth Story

20.

Having seen the track not crossed over, having seen the step not descended,

We will drink water with a reed, you will not kill me.

The Reed-Drinking Birth Story Tenth.

The Chapter on Virtue, Second.

Here is its summary -

Then the characteristic, branch, fie upon again, nothing indeed is worse than tastes, with donkey and others;

The ten living beings are overcome by the excellent wind, released by the one called reed.

3.

The Chapter on the Antelope

21.

The Birth Story of the Antelope

21.

"This is known to the antelope, that you would be a sepaṇṇi tree;

I shall go to another sepaṇṇi tree, your fruits do not please me."

First: The Birth Story of the Antelope.

22.

The Birth Story of the Dog

22.

"Those dogs raised in the royal family, well-bred, endowed with beauty and strength;

They are not to be killed, we are to be killed, this is not proper - killing the weak."

Second: The Birth Story of the Dog.

23.

The Birth Story of the Thoroughbred

23.

"Even lying on my side, pierced by arrows like a porcupine;

Better is the thoroughbred horse, just yoke me, O charioteer."

Third: The Birth Story of the Thoroughbred.

24.

The Thoroughbred Birth Story

24.

Whenever and wherever, when and where, wherever and whenever;

When the thoroughbred exerts speed, the mares fall behind there.

The Thoroughbred Birth Story, the fourth.

25.

The Ford Birth Story

25.

At different fords, charioteer, let the horse drink;

A person gets satisfied even with excellent food.

The Ford Birth Story, the fifth.

26.

The Mahilamukha Birth Story

26.

Having heard the words of old thieves, Mahilamukha went about attacking;

But having heard the words of the well-restrained, the supreme elephant remained in all good qualities.

The Mahilamukha Birth Story, the sixth.

27.

The Frequent Birth Story

27.

Not fit to give a morsel, nor alms, nor grass, nor to rub;

I think from frequent seeing, the dragon developed affection for the dog.

The Frequent Birth Story, the seventh.

28.

The Nandivisāla Story

28.

One should speak only what is pleasing, never what is displeasing;

To the one who spoke pleasingly, he lifted the heavy burden;

And he gained wealth, and was satisfied with that.

The Nandivisāla Story, the eighth.

29.

The Kaṇha Story

29.

Whenever there was a heavy load, whenever there was a deep path;

Then they would yoke Kaṇha, and he would pull that load.

The Kaṇha Story, the ninth.

30.

The Munika Story

30.

Do not envy Munika, he eats the food of the sick;

Eat your chaff at ease, this is the characteristic of long life.

The Munika Story, the tenth.

The Chapter on the Antelope, the third.

Here is its summary -

The antelope, the dog and the excellent ox, then the one named after the strainer and rain;

The excellent one named Mahiḷāmukha carries the burden with the sage's ten.

4.

The Chapter on the Nest

31.

The Nest Birth Story

31.

In the silk-cotton tree, Mātali, are nests, avoid it by the pole's front;

We would rather give up our life among the asuras, let not my birds be without their nests.

The Nest Birth Story First.

32.

The Dance Birth Story

32.

The pleasing cry and the beautiful back, and the neck like the colour of beryl;

And the tail feathers a fathom long, I will not give you my daughter for a dance.

The Dance Birth Story Second.

33.

The Living in Harmony Birth Story

33.

Living in harmony they go, the birds taking the net;

When they dispute, then they will come under my control.

The Living in Harmony Birth Story Third.

34.

The Fish Birth Story

34.

Neither cold nor heat affects me, nor does the net obstruct me;

And what the female fish thinks of me, he has gone to another delight.

The Fish Birth Story Fourth.

35.

The Quail Birth Story

35.

There are wings but no flying, there are feet but no walking;

Mother and father have gone out, O fire deity, turn back.

The Quail Birth Story Fifth.

36.

The Bird Birth Story

36.

Based upon which tree-going birds dwell, that one releases fire;

Resort to the directions, you with twisted limbs, fear is born from refuge.

The Bird Birth Story Sixth.

37.

The Partridge Birth Story

37.

Those people who honour the elders, skilled in the Teaching,

"Praiseworthy in this very life, and a good destination in the life to come."

The Partridge Birth Story, the Seventh.

38.

The Brahmā Baka Birth Story

38.

Not forever does one wise in deception, attain happiness through deceit;

The deceiver succeeds, like Baka with the crab.

The Brahmā Baka Birth Story, the Eighth.

39.

The Nanda Birth Story

39.

I think it is a heap of gold, and Nandaka with his golden garland;

Where the slave-born standing, thunders pompously.

The Nanda Birth Story, the Ninth.

40.

The Acacia Charcoal Birth Story

40.

Willingly I shall fall into hell, feet up and head down;

I shall not do what is ignoble, here, take the alms.

The Acacia Charcoal Birth Story, the tenth.

The Chapter on the Nest, the fourth.

Here is its summary -

Siri, Matali, daughter, the excellent bird, and having come to delight, and mother and father again;

Tree of the world, old, good crab, and with the excellent Nandaka morsel makes ten.

5.

The Chapter on the Well-wisher

41.

The Birth Story of the Unlucky One

41.

One who, when being advised by a well-wisher showing compassionate concern for welfare, does not follow the Teaching,

Hanging on to misfortune's foot, grieves like Mittaka.

The Birth Story of the Unlucky One, the first.

42.

The Birth Story of the Pigeon

42.

One who, when being advised by a well-wisher showing compassionate concern for welfare, does not follow the Teaching,

Not having followed the pigeon's word, lies as if fallen into the hands of enemies.

The Birth Story of the Pigeon, Second.

43.

The Birth Story of Veluka

43.

One who, when being advised by a well-wisher showing compassionate concern for welfare, does not follow the Teaching,

Thus he lies faultless, like Veluka's father.

The Birth Story of Veluka, Third.

44.

The Birth Story of the Mosquito

44.

Better an enemy endowed with wisdom than a friend devoid of wisdom;

For the stupid one will kill a mosquito, the son split open his father's head.

The Birth Story of the Mosquito, Fourth.

45.

The Birth Story of Rohini

45.

Better a wise enemy than a foolish sympathizer;

See the wretched Rohini, who having killed her mother, grieves.

The Birth Story of Rohini, Fifth.

46.

The Birth Story of the Garden Destroyer

46.

Indeed by one skilled in harm, beneficial conduct does not bring happiness;

The fool loses the goal, like a monkey in a garden.

The Birth Story of the Garden Destroyer, the sixth.

47.

The Birth Story of the Liquor Destroyer

47.

Indeed by one skilled in harm, beneficial conduct does not bring happiness;

The fool loses the goal, like Koṇḍañña with liquor.

The Birth Story of the Liquor Destroyer, the seventh.

48.

The Birth Story of Vedabba

48.

One who desires the goal through wrong means, suffers;

The Cetās killed Vedabba, they all met with disaster.

The Birth Story of Vedabba, the eighth.

49.

The Birth Story of the Stars

49.

While waiting for the stars, the goal passed the fool by;

The goal is the star of the goal, what will the stars do?

The Birth Story of the Stars, the ninth.

50.

The Birth Story of the Foolish

50.

With a thousand foolish ones, a sacrifice was requested from me;

Now I shall sacrifice, as many people are unrighteous.

The Birth Story of the Foolish, the tenth.

The Chapter on the Well-wisher, the fifth.

Here is its summary -

Then the dear friend of the mother, the excellent pigeon, likewise Veḷuka, the mute, Rohiṇī;

The monkey, the female drinker and then the heart-wanderers, likewise the stars with the excellent sacrifice makes ten.

The First Fifty.

6.

The Chapter on Aspiration

51. The Birth Story of Great Virtuous Behavior

51.

A person should aspire, the wise person should not be discouraged;

I see myself, as I wished so it became.

The Birth Story of Great Virtuous Behavior, the first.

52.

The Birth Story of Little Janaka

52.

A person should make an effort, the wise person should not be discouraged;

I see myself, lifted from water onto land.

The Second Birth Story of Little Janaka.

53.

The Birth Story of the Full Bowl

53.

Just so the bowls are full, this talk goes on about another;

By this reason I know this is not good liquor.

The Third Birth Story of the Full Bowl.

54.

The Birth Story of What Fruit

54.

This tree is not hard to climb, nor is it far from the village;

By this reason I know this tree has no sweet fruit.

The Fourth Birth Story of What Fruit.

55.

The Birth Story of Five Weapons

55.

The person who with unwavering mind, with unwavering intention,

Develops wholesome qualities for the attainment of security from bondage;

Would progressively reach the destruction of all fetters.

The Birth Story of Five Weapons is the fifth.

56.

The Birth Story of the Mass of Gold

56.

The person with a delighted mind, with delighted mentality,

Develops wholesome qualities for the attainment of security from bondage;

Would progressively reach the destruction of all fetters.

The Birth Story of the Mass of Gold is the sixth.

57.

The Birth Story of the Monkey King

57.

Whoever has these four qualities, O monkey king, just like you;

Truth, Teaching, fortitude and giving up, that one transcends what is seen.

The Seventh Birth Story of the Monkey King.

58.

The Birth Story of the Three Things

58.

Whoever has these three qualities, O monkey king, just like you;

Skill, wisdom like the sun, that one transcends what is seen.

The Eighth Birth Story of the Three Things.

59.

The Birth Story of the Drummer

59.

Beat, beat, but do not over-beat, for over-beating is evil;

For by beating a hundred was gained, by over-beating it was lost.

The Ninth Birth Story of the Drummer.

60.

The Birth Story of the Conch Blower

60.

Beat, beat, but do not over-beat, for over-beating is evil;

The wealth gained by beating, father lost by over-beating.

The Tenth Birth Story of the Conch Blower.

The Sixth Chapter on Aspiration.

Here is its summary -

As I wished so it became from water to land, brave and sweet fruit and unwearied mind;

Four with delighted mind and three, ten with wealth and fortune obtained.

7.

The Chapter on Women

61.

The Jātaka About the Unpleasant End

61.

Women of the world are called hopeless, in them no limit is found;

They are impassioned and impudent, like a flame consuming all;

Having abandoned them I will go forth, developing seclusion.

The Jātaka About the Unpleasant End is the First.

62.

The Jātaka About Being in the Egg

62.

What the brahmin declared, wrapped up like a lute;

A wife maintained is like being in the egg, who indeed would trust in them.

The Jātaka About Being in the Egg is the Second.

63.

The Story of the Wise Reasoner

63.

Those prone to anger and ungrateful, slanderous and dividing friends;

Live the holy life, monk, then you will not forsake happiness.

The Story of the Wise Reasoner, Third.

64.

The Story of Hard to Know

64.

Do not delight when she desires me, do not sorrow when she does not desire;

The nature of women is hard to know, like the path of fish in water.

The Story of Hard to Know, Fourth.

65.

The Story of Discontent

65.

Like a river and a path, a tavern, assembly hall and water place;

Such are worldly women, the wise do not get angry at them.

The Story of Discontent, Fifth.

66.

The Story of Soft Characteristics

66.

Previously there was one wish, not having obtained soft characteristics;

Since obtaining the one with beautiful eyes, wish gave birth to wish.

The Story of Soft Characteristics, the sixth.

67.

The Story of the Lap

67.

My son, O deity, was in my lap, he fell while I was running on the path;

And I do not see that place, from where I might bring my own child.

The Story of the Lap, the seventh.

68.

The Story of Sāketa

68.

Where the mind settles, and consciousness becomes confident,

In a person never seen before, one may surely place trust even in them.

The Story of Sāketa, the eighth.

69.

The Story of the Poison-Vomiter

69.

Curse that vomited poison, which for the sake of life

I would take back what was vomited; better for me is death than life.

The Story of the Poison-Vomiter, the ninth.

70.

The Story of the Spade

70.

That victory is not well won, which having been won is lost again;

That victory indeed is well won, which having been won is not lost again.

The Story of the Spade, the tenth.

The Chapter on Women, the seventh.

Here is its summary -

Sikhin and Sabbaghasa and the excellent lute, slanderer and one who breaks up friends and delight and river;

Soft characteristic and siblings and mind, poison and well won make ten.

8.

The Chapter on Varuṇa

71.

The Story of Varuṇa

71.

One who wishes to do later, what should have been done before;

Like breaking Varuṇa firewood, one regrets it later.

The Story of Varuṇa, the first.

72.

The Virtuous Elephant Birth Story

72.

For an ungrateful person, always looking for faults,

Even if one were to give him the whole earth, one would not satisfy him.

The Virtuous Elephant Birth Story Second

73.

The So True Birth Story

73.

So true indeed they said, some people here;

A floating log is better than some people.

The So True Birth Story Third

74.

The Tree Teaching Birth Story

74.

Good indeed are many relatives, even trees born in the forest;

The wind carries away one standing alone, even a great tree.

The Tree Teaching Birth Story Fourth

75.

The Fish Birth Story

75.

Thunder, O rain cloud, destroy the crow's treasure;

Pierce the crow with sorrow, and free me from sorrow.

The Fish Birth Story, the fifth.

76.

The Fearless Birth Story

76.

I am fearless in the village, I have no fear in the forest;

Having mounted the straight path, with loving-kindness and compassion.

The Fearless Birth Story, the sixth.

77.

The Great Dreams Birth Story

77.

Bulls, trees, cows and cattle, horse, bronze vessel, jackal and pot;

A lotus pond and unripe sandalwood, gourds sink and stones float.

Little frogs swallow black snakes, eagles surround a crow;

Timid wolves are in fear of goats, derangement prevails, this is not right.

The Great Dreams Birth Story, the seventh.

78.

The Illisa Birth Story

78.

Both are lame, both are deformed, both have unrighteous eyes;

Both had boils appear, I do not see Illisa.

The Illisa Birth Story Eighth.

79.

The Harsh Sound Birth Story

79.

When the cattle were plundered and killed, houses were burnt and people taken away;

Then came the son of one whose son was killed, beating the harsh-sounding drum.

The Harsh Sound Birth Story Ninth.

80.

The Bhimasena Birth Story

80.

What you boasted about before, now your rotten arrows stick afterwards;

Both do not match, Bhimasena, your war-talk and this your struggle.

The Bhimasena Birth Story Tenth.

The Chapter on Varuṇa Eighth.

Here is its summary -

Varuṇa and the ungrateful ones then the supreme truth, with the lord of the forest and thunder;

With compassion and stone-float, from Illisa, then with drum and rotten arrows makes ten.

9.

The Chapter on Drinking

81.

The Birth Story of Drinking Liquor

81.

We drank, we danced, we sang, and we wept;

Having drunk that which causes loss of perception, we were not seen as monkeys.

First Birth Story of Drinking Liquor.

82.

The Birth Story of Mittavindaka

82.

Having gone beyond Ramaṇaka, Sadāmatta, and Dūbhaka;

You are now sitting on a rock, from which you will not escape alive.

Second Birth Story of Mittavindaka.

83.

The Birth Story of Kālakaṇṇi

83.

A friend indeed is made in seven steps, a companion in twelve steps;

In half a month one becomes a relative, beyond that one becomes like oneself;

How could I, for the sake of my own happiness, abandon Kālakaṇṇi, a long-time acquaintance?

Third Birth Story of Kālakaṇṇi.

84.

The Birth Story of the Door to Good

84.

One should wish for health and highest gain, virtue approved by the elders and learning;

Living according to the Teaching and being energetic, these six are the chief doors to good.

The Birth Story of the Door to Good, the Fourth.

85.

The Birth Story of the Poisonous Fruit

85.

Not knowing future hatred, one who pursues sensual pleasures;

When results ripen they kill him, like having eaten a poisonous fruit.

The Birth Story of the Poisonous Fruit, the Fifth.

86.

The Birth Story of the Investigation of Virtue

86.

Virtue indeed is good, virtue is unsurpassed in the world;

See, the dragon with terrible poison is not killed because it is virtuous.

The Birth Story of the Investigation of Virtue, the Sixth.

87.

The Birth Story of the Auspicious Rites

87.

One whose auspicious rites are destroyed, along with portents, dreams and characteristics;

Having transcended auspicious rites and hate, having attained the bond and bondage, he never returns.

The Birth Story of the Auspicious Rites, the Seventh.

88.

The Birth Story of Rivalry

88.

One should release only the good, one should not release the evil;

Release of the good is beneficial, having released evil one burns.

The Birth Story of Rivalry, the Eighth.

89.

The Birth Story of the Fraud

89.

Your speech was indeed gentle, speaking kindly;

You got stuck on a mere blade of grass, but did not take a hundred coins.

The Birth Story of the Fraud, the Ninth.

90.

The Birth Story of the Ungrateful One

90.

One who, having received good done before, does not understand what was done,

Later when need arises, does not find a helper.

The Birth Story of the Ungrateful One, the Tenth.

The Chapter on Drinking, the Ninth.

Here is its summary -

Apāyi and Dūbhaka and Sattapada, Chaḷadvara and again Āyatina;

Ahisīlava, Maṅgali, Pāpikassā, Sataṃnikkha, and tenth Katatthavarena.

10.

The Chapter on Smeared

91.

The Smeared Birth Story

91.

Smeared with potent heat, the person swallowing does not realize;

Swallow, swallow, you evil mixer, afterwards it will be bitter for you.

First is the Smeared Birth Story.

92.

The Great Core Birth Story

92.

In battle they want a hero, in counsels one who is not frivolous;

And one dear in food and drink, and a wise person when a purpose has arisen.

Second is the Great Core Birth Story.

93.

The Familiar Food Birth Story

93.

Do not trust in one who is not trustworthy, and do not trust even in one who is trustworthy;

Fear follows from trust, like a deer mother from a lion.

The Familiar Food Birth Story, third.

94.

The Terror Birth Story

94.

Both scorched and frozen, alone in the frightening forest;

Naked, not sitting near a fire, a sage devoted to searching.

The Terror Birth Story, fourth.

95.

The Great Splendour Birth Story

95.

Impermanent indeed are formations, subject to arising and passing away;

Having arisen they cease, their subsiding is happiness.

The Great Splendour Birth Story, fifth.

96.

The Oil Bowl Birth Story

96.

As one would carry a bowl of oil filled to the brim without spilling;

Thus one should guard one's own mind, longing for a direction not gone to before.

The Oil Bowl Birth Story, the sixth.

97.

The Name-Success Birth Story

97.

Having seen Jīvaka dead, and Dhanapāli in a bad destination;

And Panthaka lost in the forest, the evil one returned.

The Name-Success Birth Story, the seventh.

98.

The Fraudulent Merchant Birth Story

98.

Good indeed is one named wise, but not one who is too wise;

By a too-wise son, my mind was scorched.

The Fraudulent Merchant Birth Story, the eighth.

99.

The More Than a Thousand Birth Story

99.

Even more than a thousand gathered together, those without wisdom might weep for a hundred years;

Better is just one wise person, who understands the meaning of what is said.

The More Than a Thousand Birth Story, the ninth.

100.

The Disagreeable Form Birth Story

100.

What is disagreeable in the guise of agreeable, what is unlovely in the guise of lovely;

Suffering in the guise of happiness overwhelms the heedless.

The Disagreeable Form Birth Story, the tenth.

The Chapter on Smeared, the tenth.

Here is its summary -

Sick, contempt and curiosity, mother's, with the sage, and impermanence, excellent attainment;

Excellent Dhanapāli and very wise one, with more than a thousand and disagreeable makes ten.

The Middle Fifty.

11.

The Chapter on More Than a Hundred

101.

The More Than a Hundred Birth Story

101.

Even more than a hundred gathered together, those without wisdom might meditate for a hundred years;

Better is just one wise person, who understands the meaning of what is said.

The More Than a Hundred Birth Story First.

102.

The Birth Story of the Greengrocer

102.

He who should be a shelter for one afflicted with suffering, my father commits treachery in the forest;

To whom shall I cry in the middle of the forest, when the protector acts with violence.

The Birth Story of the Greengrocer Second.

103.

The Birth Story of the Enemy

103.

Where an enemy dwells, there a wise person should not live;

For one night or two nights, one lives painfully among enemies.

The Birth Story of the Enemy Third.

104.

The Birth Story of Mittavindaka

104.

From four he got to eight, and from eight to sixteen;

From sixteen to thirty-two, through excessive desire he encountered the wheel;

For a person struck by desire, the wheel revolves on his head.

The Birth Story of Mittavindaka Fourth.

105.

The Birth Story of the Weak Wood

105.

There is much wood in the forest, the wind breaks what is weak;

If you fear that, dragon, you will surely become thin.

The Birth Story of the Weak Wood, the fifth.

106.

The Birth Story of the Water Bucket

106.

Indeed I live happily, while the water bucket is being heated;

The thief, under pretext of being a wife, begs for oil and salt.

The Birth Story of the Water Bucket, the sixth.

107.

The Birth Story of the Clay-pellet

107.

Indeed a craft is good, whatever kind it may be;

See, by hitting with a limp, villages in four directions were gained.

The Birth Story of the Clay-pellet, the seventh.

108.

The Birth Story of Bāhiya

108.

One should train in what should be trained in, there are people who desire this;

For Bāhiya, by being well-struck, pleased the king.

The Eighth Birth Story of Bāhiya.

109.

The Birth Story of the Rice Cake

109.

As the person is, so is his deity;

Bring this rice cake, do not destroy my share.

The Ninth Birth Story of the Rice Cake.

110.

The Birth Story of the Question of the All-Gatherer

110.

There is no all-gatherer, pure millet wafts forth;

This mixer speaks falsely in fear, the old woman speaks truth.

The Tenth Birth Story of the Question of the All-Gatherer.

The Eleventh Chapter on More Than a Hundred.

Here is its summary -

More than a hundred, protected, hostile again, wandering wheel and called Nāga and glory;

And happiness, vow, craft, Bāhiya, rice cake and the old woman make ten.

12.

The Chapter on "If Indeed"

111.

The Birth Story of the Question of the Donkey

111.

If indeed you think thus is better, O supreme king, that the son is the father;

Well then, this one belongs to your mule, for the donkey is father to the mule.

The First Birth Story of the Question of the Donkey.

112.

The Birth Story of the Questions of Queen Amarā

112.

Where there are sattu cakes and bilaṅga, and the double-leafed tree in flower;

I speak about what I give, I do not speak about what I do not give;

This is the path of one in the middle of the barley field, know this hidden path.

The Second Birth Story of the Questions of Queen Amarā.

113.

The Birth Story of the Jackal

113.

You trust the jackal, brahmin, who has drunk liquor;

There are not a hundred shells, from where would there be two hundred bronze vessels?

The Third Birth Story of the Jackal.

114.

The Birth Story of the One Who Thought Moderately

114.

The one who thought much and the one who thought little, both were caught in the net;

Mitacinti set free both who had gathered there.

The Birth Story of Mitacinti, the Fourth.

115.

The Birth Story of the Female Advisor

115.

She who advises others, herself practising greedily;

She lies down tonight with broken wings, killed by the wheel, the advisor.

The Birth Story of the Female Advisor, the Fifth.

116.

The Birth Story of the Difficult to Admonish

116.

You do too much, teacher of doing, this does not please me;

Having jumped over the fourth, you are fixed on the fifth.

The Birth Story of the Difficult to Admonish, the Sixth.

117.

The Partridge Birth Story

117.

Too lofty, too talkative, speaking excessively;

Speech destroys the unwise, like the partridge who called too much.

The Partridge Birth Story, the Seventh.

118.

The Quail Birth Story

118.

A person who does not reflect does not attain distinction;

See the fruit of reflection, I am freed from death and bondage.

The Quail Birth Story, the eighth.

119.

The Birth Story of the Untimely Crower

119.

Not raised by mother and father, not dwelling in a teacher's family;

This rooster does not know the right time from the wrong time.

The Birth Story of the Untimely Crower, the ninth.

120.

The Birth Story of Release from Bondage

120.

The unbound get bound there, where fools shine forth;

Even the bound are freed there, where the wise shine forth.

The Birth Story of Release from Bondage, the tenth.

The Chapter on "If Indeed", the twelfth.

Here is its summary -

Then the donkey, enemy, hundred bronze pieces, much reflection, hare, having as basis;

Excessive time, distinction, without teacher indeed, with the wise shining forth makes ten.

13.

The Chapter of the Grass Reed

121.

The Birth Story of the Grass Reed

121.

Whether an equal or better one would act, or a lowly one would act alone;

These would act for the highest good in disaster, just as I, O grass reed, according to personal preference.

The Birth Story of the Grass Reed, First.

122.

The Birth Story of the Foolish

122.

Having gained fame, the foolish one acts for his own harm;

He proceeds to harm both himself and others.

The Birth Story of the Foolish, Second.

123.

The Birth Story of the Churning-stick

123.

The fool speaks everywhere speech that should not go everywhere;

He knows neither the curd nor the churning-stick, he conceives the churning-stick to be curd-drinking.

The Birth Story of the Churning-stick, the Third.

124.

The Birth Story of the Mango

124.

A person should make an effort, the wise person should not be discouraged;

See the fruit of effort, having eaten mangoes without hearsay.

The Birth Story of the Mango, the Fourth.

125.

The Birth Story of Katahaka

125.

He may boast much, having gone to another country;

Having returned he would corrupt, enjoy pleasures, Katahaka.

The Birth Story of Katahaka, the Fifth.

126.

The Birth Story of the Sword Characteristic

126.

The very same thing is good for one, the very same thing is evil for another;

Therefore not everything is good, nor is everything evil.

The Birth Story of the Sword Characteristic, the Sixth.

127.

The Birth Story of Kalanduka

127.

Those regions, those grounds, and I who range in the forest;

Having examined it they should take it, drink milk, Kalanduka.

The Birth Story of Kalanduka, the seventh.

128.

The Birth Story of the Cat's Observance

128.

One who, making the Teaching his banner, secretly performs evil;

Having deceived beings, that observance they call like a cat's.

The Birth Story of the Cat's Observance, the eighth.

129.

The Birth Story of Aggika Bharadvaja

129.

This topknot is not for merit, this topknot is for food;

It does not count as a tail, enough of this for you, Aggika.

The Birth Story of Aggika Bharadvaja, the ninth.

130.

The Birth Story of Kosiya

130.

As you speak so you should eat, as you have eaten so you should speak;

Both do not match for you, your speech and what you have eaten, Kosiya.

The Birth Story of Kosiya, the tenth.

The Chapter of the Grass Reed is thirteenth.

Here is its summary -

Kusanali and the one called Siri and fame, curd, mango, and Katahaka as fifth;

Then evil one, milk, cat's observance, peacock, and the one called Kosiya makes ten.

14.

The Chapter About Not Giving

131.

The Birth Story About Not Giving

131.

For the fool who gives indiscriminately, friends become misfortune;

Therefore I take away half a measure of grain, may my friendship not decay eternally.

The Birth Story About Not Giving, First.

132.

The Birth Story About Fear

132.

Through wholesome instruction, through firm courage, through not turning back from fearlessness and fear;

We did not come under the control of female demons, that state of security came from great fear.

The Birth Story About Fear, Second.

133.

The Birth Story About Fire

133.

Where there is security, there the enemy arose, the fire burns in the midst of water;

Today there is no dwelling on the earth in a great tree, resort to the directions, today refuge is our fear.

The Birth Story About Fire, Third.

134.

The Birth Story About Purifying Meditation

134.

Those who have perception are in a bad destination, and those without perception are in a bad destination;

Avoid both of these, that happiness of attainment is without blemish.

The Birth Story About Purifying Meditation, Fourth.

135.

The Birth Story About Moon Light

135.

One who here gains wisdom about moon light and sun light,

Through meditation without thought, becomes reborn in the radiant realm.

The Birth Story About Moon Light, Fifth.

136.

The Birth Story About the Golden Goose

136.

One should be content with what is gained, for excessive greed is evil;

Having caught the king of geese, you lose the gold.

The Sixth Birth Story About the Golden Goose.

137.

The Birth Story About the Worm

137.

Where one worm gains, a second is born there;

A third and a fourth, this is your worms' hole.

The Seventh Birth Story About the Worm.

138.

The Birth Story About the Monitor Lizard

138.

What use are your matted locks, you fool, what use is your antelope hide;

Your interior is a thicket, you polish only the exterior.

The Eighth Birth Story About the Monitor Lizard.

139.

The Birth Story About Failure on Both Sides

139.

Eyes are broken, cloth is lost, and quarrel in friend's house;

Actions have failed on both sides, in water and on land.

The Ninth Birth Story About Failure on Both Sides.

140.

The Birth Story About the Crow

140.

Always with fearful hearts, harming the whole world;

Therefore they have no control, these crows who are our relatives.

The Tenth Birth Story About the Crow.

The Chapter About Not Giving is the fourteenth.

Here is its summary -

Itarītara and Rakkhasi and Khemiya, and again Ābhassara with the question of more than a hundred;

Then the best of swans and Babbujaṭa, Paṭanaṭṭhaka with the best crow makes ten.

15.

The Chapter About the Lizard

141.

The Birth Story About the Monitor Lizard

141.

One who associates with evil people does not attain ultimate happiness;

Like the lizard family with the chameleons, he brings misfortune upon himself.

The Birth Story About the Monitor Lizard is the first.

142.

The Birth Story of the Jackal

142.

For this is hard to know by you, that you lie as if dead;

While you are being dragged away, the stick does not release from your hand.

The Birth Story of the Jackal is the second.

143.

The Birth Story of Viroca

143.

Your brain has burst out, and your head is split open;

All your rafters are broken, today indeed you shine.

The Birth Story of Viroca, the third.

144.

The Birth Story About the Tail

144.

This is much indeed for the ignoble ones, O Ancient Vedic Deity, that we honour you with a tail strainer;

There is no meat today for one worthy of meat, may you, sir, accept even a tail.

The Birth Story About the Tail, the fourth.

145.

The Birth Story About Rādha

145.

You do not cognize, Rādha, in the future midnight;

You lament about non-loss, O dispassionate descendant of Kosiya.

The Birth Story About Rādha, the fifth.

146.

The Birth Story About the Sea Crow

146.

Even though the jaws are peaceful, and the mouth dries up;

We stop, we do not reach the far shore, the great ocean keeps filling up.

The Sixth Birth Story About the Sea Crow.

147.

The Birth Story About the Flower-Red

147.

This suffering is not that suffering, when the crow pierces me;

That Sāmā will not experience the month of Kattika with the flower-red one.

The Seventh Birth Story About the Flower-Red.

148.

The Birth Story of the Jackal

148.

Never again, and not again, and also not ever again;

Will I enter the elephant trap, for thus I am frightened by fear.

The Eighth Birth Story About the Jackal.

149.

The Birth Story About the One-Leaf

149.

This is a one-leafed tree, not four fingers from the ground;

With its poisonous fruit, what will this great one become?

The Ninth Birth Story About the One-Leaf.

150.

The Birth Story About Sañjīva

150.

One who supports what is not good, and associates with what is not good,

Makes that his food, just as the tiger did with Sañjīva.

The Birth Story About Sañjīva, the tenth.

The Chapter on Kakaṇṭaka, the fifteenth.

Here is its summary -

Happiness and wisdom and again the excellent rod, and the fifth excellent Rādha with strainer and hair;

Equal ocean, Kattika, Bondi again, with the excellent tiger of four fingers makes ten.

(The Upper Fifty.)

Then the chapter summary -

Unmistakable, Chapter on Virtue, Antelope, Nest, with Wishing Good as fifth;

Blessing, Woman, Varuṇa, State of Misery, with Chapter on Smeared makes ten;

More than a hundred, killed, Kusa reed, Unaccomplished, Chapter on Kakaṇṭaka.

Thus concluded in the Book of Ones.

The Book of Ones is finished.

2.

The Book of Twos

1.

The Steadfast Chapter

151.

The Birth Story About Advice to the King (2-1-1)

1.

The strong throws at the strong, the weak gently at the weak;

One conquers the good with good, and the bad with bad;

Such is this king, drive away from the path, charioteer.

2.

Conquer anger through non-anger, conquer bad with good;

Conquer the miserly with giving, with truth the speaker of falsehood;

Such is this king, drive away from the path, charioteer.

The Birth Story About Advice to the King, First.

152.

One Who Acts Without Consideration, Rushing Headlong into Things.

Those actions torment one, like hot food swallowed in the mouth.

4.

And the lion with its lion's roar made the cave resound;

Having heard the sound of the lion, the jackal dwelling in the cave;

He became frightened and terrified, and his heart was pounding.

The Birth Story of the Jackal is the second.

153.

The Birth Story of the Pig (2-1-3)

5.

"Friend, I am a four-footed one, and you too, friend, are a four-footed one;

Come, friend, turn back, why do you run away frightened?

6.

"You are impure with putrid hair, and foul-smelling, pig;

If you wish to fight, friend, I will give you victory."

The Birth Story of the Pig is the third.

154.

The Birth Story of the Snake (2-1-4)

7.

"Here the most excellent of snakes has entered, wishing release through the beauty of the rock;

And honouring the brahmin's beauty, though hungry, I do not dare to eat.

8.

"Protected by the brahmin, may you live long, and may divine foods manifest for you;

You who, honouring the brahmin's beauty, though hungry, did not dare to eat."

The Fourth Birth Story of the Snake.

155.

The Birth Story of Bhagga (2-1-5)

9.

Live for a hundred years, Bhagga, and twenty more;

May spirits not eat me, may you live for a hundred autumns.

10.

May you too live for a hundred years, and twenty more;

May spirits eat poison, may you live for a hundred autumns.

The Fifth Birth Story of Bhagga.

156.

The Birth Story of the Resolute Mind (2-1-6)

11.

Relying on a resolute mind, a great army rejoiced;

It captured alive the content Kosalan army and lodgings.

12.

Thus endowed with support, a monk with aroused energy;

Developing wholesome qualities for the attainment of security from bondage;

Would progressively reach the destruction of all fetters.

The Birth Story of the Resolute Mind, the sixth.

157.

The Birth Story of Virtue (2-1-7)

13.

The Teaching bends where it wishes, like a deer of the mighty ones;

Cognize, O proud one, fear is born from refuge.

14.

Even if a friend is weak, but stands firm in the qualities of friendship;

He is a relative and bond, he is a friend and my companion;

O one with fangs, do not be arrogant, the jackal is my living being.

The Birth Story of Virtue, the seventh.

158.

The Birth Story of Suhanu (2-1-8)

15.

This is not with unrighteous virtue, Sona with Suhanu;

Suhanu too is just like that, who is in Sona's range.

16.

Forward and impudent, always eating the chain;

Evil meets with evil, the bad meets with the bad.

The Birth Story of Suhanu, the eighth.

159.

The Birth Story of the Peacock (2-1-9)

17.

This One with Vision rises, the sole monarch, golden-coloured, illuminating the earth;

I revere you, golden-coloured one, illuminator of the earth, protected by you today may we dwell through the day.

Those brahmins who have mastered all teachings through inspiration, I pay homage to them, may they protect me;

Homage to the Enlightened Ones, homage to enlightenment, homage to the liberated ones, homage to liberation;

Having made this protection, the peacock wanders in search.

18.

This One with Vision sets, the sole monarch, golden-coloured, illuminating the earth;

I revere you, golden-coloured one, illuminator of the earth, protected by you today may we dwell through the night.

Those brahmins who have mastered all teachings through inspiration, I pay homage to them, may they protect me;

Homage to the Enlightened Ones, homage to enlightenment, homage to the liberated ones, homage to liberation;

Having made this protection, the peacock made his dwelling.

The Birth Story of the Peacock is the Ninth.

160.

The Birth Story of the Dark Blue One (2-1-10)

19.

Even so indeed the king, Videha, lord of Mithila;

The thoroughbred horses draw him, just as geese the dark blue one.

20.

Dark Blue One, you resort to a bad place, dear one, you frequent unsuitable ground;

Frequent the village outskirts, that is your mother's resort.

The Birth Story of the Dark Blue One is the Tenth.

The Steadfast Chapter is the First.

Here is its summary -

The excellent creeper, Daddara, the little pig, the supreme serpent, the fifth excellent broken one;

The great Camu up to the excellent jackal, the supreme Suhanu, the peacock, and the Dark Blue One make ten.

2.

The Chapter on Association

161.

The Birth Story of One of Inda's Clan (2-2-1)

21.

One should not make association with a bad person, the noble one with an ignoble one knowing the good;

Even after living together for a long time one does evil, like the elephant to one of Inda's clan.

22.

When one knows: "This one is equal to me in virtue, wisdom and learning too,"

With such a one one should make friendship, indeed pleasant is association with a superior person.

The First Birth Story of One of Inda's Clan.

162.

The Birth Story of Intimacy (2-2-2)

23.

There is nothing worse than intimacy when intimacy is with a bad person;

Being satisfied with ghee and milk-rice, he burned down the leaf-hut that was made with difficulty.

24.

There is nothing better than intimacy when intimacy is with a superior person;

Through intimacy, Sāmā licks the face of the lion, tiger and leopard.

The Second Birth Story of Intimacy.

163.

The Birth Story of Susīma (2-2-3)

25.

"These black deer with white tusks are yours, more than a hundred covered with golden nets;

'I give them to you', you say, Susīma, recollecting ancestors and great-grandfathers.

26.

"These black deer with white tusks are mine, more than a hundred covered with golden nets;

'I give them to you', I say, young man, recollecting ancestors and great-grandfathers."

The Birth Story of Susīma, the third.

164.

The Birth Story of the Vulture (2-2-4)

27.

"Though a vulture sees corpses a hundred yojanas away,

Why do you not perceive when you have encountered a net and a snare?

28.

"When decline comes to a person at life's end,

Then one does not perceive even when encountering a net and a snare."

The Birth Story of the Vulture, the fourth.

165.

The Birth Story of the Mongoose (2-2-5)

29.

"Having made an alliance with an enemy, egg-born with water-born,

You lie with fangs exposed, from where has fear come to you?

30.

Be suspicious of an enemy, and do not trust even in a friend;

Fear arisen from fearlessness even cuts off the roots.

The Birth Story of the Mongoose, the Fifth.

166.

The Birth Story of Upasāḷaka (2-2-6)

31.

Fourteen thousand with the name Upasāḷaka

Were cremated in this place; there is nothing in the world without a name.

32.

One in whom there is truth and the Teaching, harmlessness, restraint and self-control;

This the noble ones pursue, this in the world is nameless.

The Birth Story of Upasāḷaka, the Sixth.

167.

The Birth Story of Samiddhi (2-2-7)

33.

You beg without having eaten, monk, you do not beg after having eaten;

Having eaten, monk, seek alms, do not let the time pass you by.

34.

I do not know the time, the time is concealed and cannot be seen;

Therefore I seek alms without having eaten, lest time pass me by.

The Birth Story of Samiddhi, the seventh.

168.

The Birth Story of the Hawk (2-2-8)

35.

A hawk swooping down forcefully upon a quail standing in its feeding ground;

Having suddenly pounced upon it, through that it met its death.

36.

I, endowed with method, delighting in the ancestral range;

With enemies departed, I rejoice, seeing what is good for myself.

The Birth Story of the Hawk, the eighth.

169.

The Birth Story of Araka (2-2-9)

37.

One who with a mind of loving-kindness has compassion for all the world;

Above, below, and across, with the immeasurable in every way.

38.

An immeasurable mind of welfare, complete and well developed;

Whatever action is done with measure, that will not remain there.

The Birth Story of Araka, the ninth.

170.

The Birth Story of Kakantaka (2-2-10)

39.

This Kakantaka did not rise up before at the top of the gate;

O Mahosadha, understand with what Kakantaka has become stubborn.

40.

Having gained what was not gained before, for half a month Kakantaka

Despises the king Vedeha, the ruler of Mithila.

The Birth Story of Kakantaka is the tenth.

The Chapter on Association is the second.

Here is its summary -

Then Indasamana, Pannakuti, Susimuttama, Vulture, Jalabujaka;

Upasalaka, Monk, Salapavara, then Mettavara, the tenth Punnamati.

3.

The Chapter on Good

171.

The Birth Story of Good Teaching (2-3-1)

41.

When, O king of people, one obtains the name of "Good Teaching" in the world;

Therefore a wise person should not deteriorate, for even those with a sense of shame take up the burden.

42.

Today that name has been attained here in the world, O king of people, as "Good Teaching";

Having considered this, I will go forth here, for I have no desire for sensual pleasures here.

The Birth Story of Good Teaching is the first.

172.

The Daddara Birth Story (2-3-2)

43.

Who with a great sound makes the Daddara mountain resound?

The lions do not roar back at him, who is this lord of beasts?

44.

Dear one, it is the jackal, lowest of the beast species, that howls;

Disgusted by his birth, the lions remain silent.

The Second Daddara Birth Story.

173.

The Monkey Birth Story (2-3-3)

45.

Dear one, this young man is leaning against the base of a palm tree;

If there is a small house here, come, let us give him a small house.

46.

Dear one, do not invite him, he would spoil our small house;

Such a face is not that of a virtuous brahmin.

The Third Monkey Birth Story.

174.

The Treacherous Monkey Birth Story (2-3-4)

47.

We gave you plenty of water when you were afflicted by heat and thirsty;

Now having drunk what are you doing, better to avoid evil people.

48.

Who has heard or seen a monkey called virtuous;

Now I will strike you down, this is our nature.

The Treacherous Monkey Birth Story Fourth.

175.

The Sun Worship Birth Story (2-3-5)

49.

Indeed among all beings, there are those established in virtue;

Look at that vile tree-monkey, worshipping the sun.

50.

You do not understand his virtue, you praise without knowing;

He has destroyed the fire offering, and broken two water pots.

The Sun Worship Birth Story is fifth.

176.

The Handful of Peas Birth Story (2-3-6)

51.

What a fool is this one whose range is tree branches, O king of people, no wisdom is found in him;

Having scattered a whole handful of peas, he searches for one fallen pea.

52.

Even so, O king, we and others who are excessively greedy;

We lose much for little, just like the monkey for a pea.

The Handful of Peas Birth Story is sixth.

177.

The Tinduka Tree Birth Story (2-3-7)

53.

With bows and quivers in hand, with nets and wearing hunting gear;

We are surrounded on all sides, how will there be escape?

54.

Perhaps for those with many duties, some benefit might arise;

There is still uncut fruit of the tree, just eat the tinduka fruits.

The Tinduka Tree Birth Story, the seventh.

178.

The Turtle Birth Story (2-3-8)

55.

"This is my birth, this is my existence," thus I relied on the mud;

That mud overcame me, just as it does one who is weak;

This I say to you, Bhaggava, listen to my word.

56.

Whether in village or wilderness, where one finds happiness;

That birth and existence, for a person who understands;

Wherever one lives, there one should go, one should not be bound to a dwelling.

The Turtle Birth Story, the eighth.

179.

The Birth Story of Satadhamma (2-3-9)

57.

That was little and leftover, and that he gave us with difficulty;

I was born a brahmin, and what was eaten was vomited.

58.

Thus rejecting the Teaching, one who lives unrighteously;

Like Satadhamma, is not delighted even with gain.

The Birth Story of Satadhamma, the ninth.

180.

The Birth Story of Hard to Give (2-3-10)

59.

When giving what is hard to give, doing deeds that are hard to do;

The bad do not follow suit - the good people's way is hard to follow.

60.

Therefore the destinations of the good and bad differ from here:

The bad go to hell, while the good are destined for heaven.

The Birth Story of Hard to Give is the tenth.

The Chapter on Good is the third.

Here is its summary -

Righteous, deer, supreme, young man, water, abundant form, sun's service;

Whole glory, mindfulness, ebony, mud again, hundred states, with very hard to give makes ten.

4.

The Chapter on Incomparable

181.

The Birth Story of the Incomparable (2-4-1)

61.

An archer incomparable, a prince of great strength;

A long-distance shooter, a sharp-shooter, one who splits a great body.

62.

Having made conflict with all enemies, he did not harm anyone;

Having made his brother secure, he attained self-control.

The Birth Story of the Incomparable First.

182.

The Birth Story of the Warrior (2-4-2)

63.

A warrior hero, renowned as powerful;

Why, having reached the gateway, do you retreat, elephant?

64.

Quickly crush the crossbar, and pull out the pillars;

And having crushed the gateways, quickly enter, elephant.

The Birth Story of the Warrior Second.

183.

The Birth Story of the Strained Water (2-4-3)

65.

Having drunk inferior water of little taste strained through cloth, donkeys become intoxicated;

But having drunk this sublime taste, thoroughbred horses do not become intoxicated.

66.

Having drunk a little, one of low birth becomes intoxicated by it, thus questioned, O king;

Born in a noble family with virtuous behavior, he does not become intoxicated having drunk the finest taste.

The Birth Story of the Strained Water, Third.

184.

The Birth Story of Giridatta (2-4-4)

67.

Corrupted by Giridatta, the master's pale horse;

Having abandoned its former nature, follows after him.

68.

If a slender person, with hair arranged in a topknot;

Taking him by the face, would turn him around in a circle;

Having quickly abandoned it, follows after him.

The Birth Story of Giridatta, Fourth.

185.

The Story of Discontent (2-4-5)

69.

Just as in turbid, unclear water, one does not see oysters and shells;

Pebbles, sand, and schools of fish, so it is with a turbid mind;

One does not see one's own good and the good of others.

70.

Just as in clear, transparent water, one sees shells and snails;

Pebbles, sand, and schools of fish, so it is with an untroubled mind;

One sees one's own good and the good of others.

The Story of Discontent, Fifth.

186.

The Story of Dadhivāhana (2-4-6)

71.

Endowed with beauty, odour and taste, this mango tree was thus before;

Though receiving the same worship, why has the mango bitter fruit?

72.

O Dadhivāhana, your mango tree is surrounded by neem trees,

Root is mixed with root, branches frequent branches;

Due to dwelling in discomfort, therefore the mango has bitter fruit.

The Story of Dadhivāhana, the sixth.

187.

The Story of Catumaṭṭha (2-4-7)

73.

Having climbed high into the canopy, you consult in private;

Having descended low you consult, even the king of beasts will hear.

74.

What the golden one with the golden one, the deity with the deity would discuss;

What is it to you there, Catumaṭṭha? Enter your hole, jackal.

The Story of Catumaṭṭha, the seventh.

188.

The Story of the Lion-Jackal (2-4-8)

75.

With lion's fingers, lion's claws, established with lion's feet;

That lion in the lion's community, alone roars differently.

76.

Do not roar, prince, dwell in the forest with little sound;

They would know you by your voice, for yours is not the voice of your father.

The Story of the Lion-Jackal, the eighth.

189.

The Story of the Lion's Skin (2-4-9)

77.

This is not the roar of a lion, nor of a tiger, nor of a leopard;

Covered with a lion's skin, a worthless donkey roars.

78.

For a long time indeed would that donkey eat the green barley;

Covered with a lion's skin, but braying he revealed himself.

The Story of the Lion's Skin, the ninth.

190.

The Story of the Benefits of Virtue (2-4-10)

79.

See the fruit of faith and virtue, and of generosity;

The dragon by the beauty of the boat carries the faithful lay follower.

80.

Associate only with the good, make friendship with the good;

For by dwelling with the good, the barber goes to security.

The Story of the Benefits of Virtue, the tenth.

The Chapter on Incomparable, the fourth.

Here is its summary -

The archer, the elephant, the tasteless one, Giridatta with excellent undefiled mind;

Dadhivāhana, Jackal, Lion's Claw, Green Barley and the Noble Dragon make ten.

5.

The Chapter on Ruhaka

191.

The Birth Story of Ruhaka (2-5-1)

81.

Even when cut, O Ruhaka, a bowstring can be joined again;

Be reconciled as before, do not come under the power of anger.

82.

When there are sinews available, when there are workers available;

I will make another bowstring, enough of the old one.

First, the Birth Story of Ruhaka.

192.

The Birth Story of Good Fortune and Misfortune (2-5-2)

83.

A woman might be beautiful, and she might be virtuous;

A man might not want her, do you believe this, Great Wise One?

84.

I believe it, great king, the man might be unfortunate;

Good fortune and misfortune never meet.

The Birth Story of Good Fortune and Misfortune, second.

193.

The Birth Story of Little Lotus (2-5-3)

85.

This is indeed she and I am indeed he, no other, this is indeed that one whose hand was cut off, no other;

What she says "my husband from youth," there is no truth among women, they are women to be punished.

86.

Having killed this vile one with a club, the cruel wretch who goes after others' wives;

And for this evil unfaithful one, cut off her ears and nose while she lives.

The Birth Story of Little Lotus, third.

194.

The Birth Story of the Jewel Thief (2-5-4)

87.

The deities are not present, they must be away, surely there are no world-protectors here;

For those who act violently and are unrestrained, surely there are no ones to stop them.

88.

For him it rains at the wrong time, for him it does not rain at the right time;

Falls from the state of heaven, is he not ruined by that much.

The Birth Story of the Jewel Thief, the fourth.

195.

The Birth Story at the Foot of the Mountain (2-5-5)

89.

At the delightful foot of the mountain, there was an auspicious lotus pond;

A jackal drank from it, knowing it was guarded by a lion.

90.

If beasts drink from the great river, great king,

The river does not become a non-river because of that, be patient if you care.

The Birth Story at the Foot of the Mountain, the fifth.

196.

The Birth Story of Valāhaka (2-5-6)

91.

Those who will not follow the exhortation taught by the Enlightened One,

They will go to disaster, like the merchants with the demoness.

92.

Those who will follow the exhortation taught by the Enlightened One;

Will go safely to the far shore, like merchants on a cloud-horse.

The Birth Story of the Cloud-Horse, the sixth.

197.

The Birth Story of Friend and Foe (2-5-7)

93.

One does not smile upon seeing them, nor does one welcome them;

One does not give them one's eyes, and behaves antagonistically.

94.

These are the qualities established in a foe;

By which a wise person should know a foe, having seen and heard.

The Birth Story of Friend and Foe, the seventh.

198.

The Birth Story About Rādha (2-5-8)

95.

Dear one, you have come back from being away, you have not been back long;

I hope, dear one, your mother is not consorting with another.

96.

But this is not well-spoken, a statement connected with truth;

Like a quail, you would lie in the rubbish heap simmering.

The Birth Story About Rādha, the eighth.

199.

The Birth Story About the Householder (2-5-9)

97.

I do not agree with both, I am not pleased with both;

This one who has entered the storehouse speaks: "I did not see."

98.

I declare you, village chief, to be miserly with your petty life;

Having made an agreement for two months, for the meat of a thin aged ox;

You urge before the time has come, that too does not please me.

The Birth Story About the Householder, the ninth.

200.

The Birth Story About Good Virtuous Behavior (2-5-10)

99.

Body, growth, good birth, good virtuous behavior;

We ask the brahmin, which of these should we choose.

100.

There is benefit in the body, pay homage to growth;

There is benefit in good birth, but virtue is what we prefer.

The Birth Story About Good Virtuous Behavior, the tenth.

The Chapter on Ruhaka, the fifth.

Here is its summary -

Not Ruhaka, beautiful, pestle, they depart, and fifth lotus pond;

Then freedom, merchant smiles, long-returned, granary, body ten.

6.

The Chapter on Steadfast Inclination

201.

The Birth Story About the Prison (2-6-1)

101.

The wise say that is not a strong bond which is made of iron, wood, or grass;

Far stronger is the infatuation with jewels and earrings, and the longing for children and wives.

102.

The wise say this is a strong bond, dragging downward, loose yet hard to untie;

Having cut this too the wise go forth, without longing, having abandoned sensual pleasure.

The Birth Story About the Prison First.

202.

The Birth Story About the Playful Behavior (2-6-2)

103.

Swans, cranes, and peacocks, elephants, and spotted deer;

All fear the lion, there is none equal in body.

104.

Even so among human beings, though young, if one is wise;

That one becomes great there, not the fool though having a large body.

The Second Birth Story About the Playful Behavior.

203.

The Birth Story About the Broken Thing (2-6-3)

105.

May I have friendliness with the Virūpakkhas, may I have friendliness with the Erāpathas;

May I have friendliness with the Chabyāputtas, and may I have friendliness with the Kaṇhāgotamakas.

May I have friendliness with the footless, may I have friendliness with the two-footed;

May I have friendliness with the four-footed, may I have friendliness with the many-footed.

May the footless not harm me, may the two-footed not harm me;

May the four-footed not harm me, may the many-footed not harm me.

May all beings, all living beings, and all creatures without exception;

May all see good fortune, may no evil come to anyone.

106.

Immeasurable is the Buddha, immeasurable is the Teaching;

Immeasurable is the Community, but measurable are the creeping beings;

Snakes, scorpions, centipedes, spiders, lizards, and rats.

I have made a protection, I have made a safeguard, may the beings depart;

I pay homage to the Blessed One, homage to the seven Perfectly Enlightened Ones.

The Birth Story About the Broken Thing, the Third.

204.

The Birth Story About Vīraka (2-6-4)

107.

O Vīraka, did you see the sweet-voiced bird;

With neck like a peacock's, my husband Saviṭṭhaka.

108.

For the bird that moves on water and land, always feeding on raw fish;

Imitating him, the heron died entangled in moss.

The Birth Story About Vīraka, the fourth.

205.

The Birth Story About the Ganges Fish (2-6-5)

109.

The Ganges fish is beautiful, and beautiful too is the Yamuna fish;

This four-footed person, round like a banyan tree;

With a slightly elongated neck, outshines them all.

110.

What he was asked he did not tell, when asked he told something else;

A person who praises himself is not pleasing to us.

The Birth Story About the Ganges Fish, the fifth.

206.

The Birth Story of the Antelope (2-6-6)

111.

Come now, tortoise, cut with your teeth the leather snare;

I will act in such a way that the hunter will not come.

112.

The tortoise entered the water, the antelope entered the forest;

The hundred-feathered one from the treetop, led the young ones far away.

The Birth Story of the Antelope, the sixth.

207.

The Birth Story of Assaka (2-6-7)

113.

This region was roamed by me, with King Assaka;

According to desire with desire, together with my dear husband.

114.

New pleasure and pain, covers up the old;

Therefore than King Assaka, the insect is dearer to me.

The Birth Story of Assaka, the seventh.

208.

The Birth Story of the Crocodile (2-6-8)

115.

Enough of these mangoes, and of these rose-apples and jackfruits;

Which are on the far shore of the ocean, better for me is the fig tree.

116.

Great indeed is your belly, but your wisdom is not equal to it;

"I was deceived by the crocodile. Go now as you please."

The Birth Story of the Crocodile, the eighth.

209.

The Birth Story of the Cock (2-6-9)

117.

I have seen trees in the forest, horse-ear and beleric myrobalan;

They do not have such power as you have, O tree.

118.

This is an old cock, who has broken out of his cage;

Skilled in snares and nets, he departs speaking thus.

The Birth Story of the Cock is ninth.

210.

The Birth Story of Kandagalaka (2-6-10)

119.

Hey, what is the name of this tree, with wet leaves and thorns;

Where with a single blow, the head was split open.

120.

Indeed this one wandered piercing the woods, among trees that were like sticks without substance;

Then he encountered the acacia with its innate substance, where the eagle broke its head.

The Kandagalaka Birth Story is tenth.

The Chapter on Steadfast Inclination is sixth.

Here is its summary -

Strong Bond and again the King of Swans, Virūpakkha, Saviṭṭhaka, and the King of Fish;

The Antelope, the Hare, the King of Mangoes, again the Cock with the Eagle makes ten.

7.

The Chapter on Grass-Clump

211.

The Somadatta Birth Story (2-7-1)

121.

Being diligent he made a constant effort, for a year at the grass-clump;

Having entered the assembly he explained the perception, but discipline does not protect one lacking wisdom.

122.

Dear Somadatta, the beggar encounters two things:

Either no gain or gain of wealth, for such is the nature of begging.

First, the Somadatta Birth Story.

212.

The Leftover Food Birth Story (2-7-2)

123.

One beauty is above, and another beauty is below;

I ask you, brahmin woman, what is below and what is above?

124.

Venerable sir, I am an actor, I have come here as a beggar;

This one who has entered the storehouse, this is the one you seek.

Second, the Leftover Food Birth Story.

213.

The Bharu Birth Story (2-7-3)

125.

Having done harm to the sages, thus I have heard of King Bharu;

He was destroyed along with his kingdom, the king went to non-being.

126.

Therefore the wise do not praise going by desire;

One should speak with an uncorrupted mind, words connected with truth.

The Bharu Birth Story Third.

214.

The Full River Birth Story (2-7-4)

127.

The river they call full, where one can drink, the barley that has grown, which they call hidden;

The one who has gone far, whom they call, he has come to you, come now brahmin, eat.

128.

Since the king remembers me, even to send a crow;

Swans, cranes, and peacocks, when absent are worse.

The Full River Birth Story Fourth.

215.

The Turtle Birth Story (2-7-5)

129.

Indeed the turtle killed himself, uttering speech;

When the stick was well grasped, he killed himself by speech.

130.

Having seen this too, O best of human strength, one should utter wholesome speech not beyond proper time;

You see through excessive speech, the turtle met with disaster.

The Turtle Birth Story Fifth.

216.

The Fish Birth Story (2-7-6)

131.

No magical fire burns me, nor a well-pared stake;

And what the female fish thinks of me, he has gone to another delight.

132.

The fire of lust burns me, and torments my mind;

Release me, noble ones, from the net, for nowhere is one killed in sensual pleasures.

The Fish Birth Story, the sixth.

217.

The Seggu Birth Story (2-7-7)

133.

The whole world was delighted, Seggu, unskilled in worldly ways;

Young lady, what is this state of yours today, that you, being caught, weep in the wilds?

134.

He who should be a shelter for one afflicted with suffering, my father commits treachery in the forest;

To whom shall I cry in the middle of the forest, when the protector acts with violence.

The Seggu Birth Story, the seventh.

218.

The Fraudulent Merchant Birth Story (2-7-8)

135.

This craftiness of the crafty is well thought out, fraud set against fraud;

If mice would eat the ploughshare, why would hawks not carry off the child?

136.

For the fraudulent has frauds upon frauds, and for the deceiver there is deception.

Give a ploughshare to one who has lost a ploughshare for his son, do not let your son lose the ploughshare.

The Fraudulent Merchant Birth Story, the eighth.

219.

The Blameworthy Birth Story (2-7-9)

137.

"My gold, my silver," this is their talk day and night;

Of foolish human beings who do not see the noble Teaching.

138.

Two householders in each house, one there beardless;

With hanging breasts, braided hair, and marked ears;

Bought with much wealth, that person torments people.

The Blameworthy Birth Story, the ninth.

220.

The Banner of the Teaching Birth Story (2-7-10)

139.

You seem to live happily, having come to the wilderness from the kingdom;

You meditate alone at the foot of a tree, like a wretch.

140.

I am one with a happy life, having come from the kingdom to the wilds;

I meditate alone at the foot of a tree, like a wretch;

They recollect the Teaching of the good.

The Banner of the Teaching Birth Story is the tenth.

The Chapter on Grass-Clump is the seventh.

Here is its summary -

Then the excellent grass-clump and the actor, the king of Bharu and the supreme full river;

The talkative one in the forest fire and the mouse, with the ox makes ten with the wretch.

8.

The Chapter on the Ochre Robe

221.

The Ochre Robe Birth Story (2-8-1)

141.

One who would wear the ochre robe while not free from taints;

Devoid of self-control and truth, is not worthy of the ochre robe.

142.

But one who has vomited the taints, well concentrated in virtuous behavior;

Endowed with self-control and truth, that one truly deserves the ochre robe.

First Ochre Robe Birth Story.

222.

The Lesser Nandiya Birth Story (2-8-2)

143.

This is that word of the teacher, what Pārāsariya said;

Do not do evil, which you will later regret having done.

144.

Whatever a person does, they see those things in themselves;

The doer of good reaps good, and the doer of evil reaps evil;

Whatever kind of seed one sows, that kind of fruit one reaps.

The Lesser Nandiya Birth Story Second.

223.

The Packed-meal Birth Story (2-8-3)

145.

One should bow to one who bows, associate with one who associates, do the duty of one who does his duty;

One should do good to one who desires good, but should not associate with one who does not associate.

146.

One should give up one who gives up, should not create a thicket, should not associate with one whose mind has turned away;

As a bird, knowing a tree is fruitless, would look for another - for the world is great.

The Packed-meal Birth Story Third.

224.

The Crocodile Birth Story (2-8-4)

147.

Whoever has these four qualities, O monkey king, just like you;

Truth, Teaching, fortitude and giving up, that one transcends what is seen.

148.

In whom these supremely excellent qualities are not found;

Truth, Teaching, fortitude and giving up, that one does not transcend what is seen.

The Crocodile Birth Story Fourth.

225.

The Praise of Patience Birth Story (2-8-5)

149.

O deity, I have a person engaged in all duties;

He has one fault, what do you think about that?

150.

We too have a person, such a one is found here;

One endowed with all factors is rare, patience is what we prefer.

The Praise of Patience Birth Story Fifth.

226.

The Birth Story of Kosiya (2-8-6)

151.

Setting out at the right time is good, setting out at the wrong time is not good;

For setting out at the wrong time, even if alone, many people

Do not illuminate any purpose, like a flock of crows against Kosiya.

152.

But the wise one who knows the ways of discrimination, following the weaknesses of others,

Having brought all enemies under control, like Kosiya would be happy.

The Birth Story of Kosiya, the sixth.

227.

The Birth Story of the Dung Beetle (2-8-7)

153.

A hero meeting with a hero, a mighty striker;

Come, dragon, turn back, why do you run away frightened?

Let the people of Anga and Magadha see my and your valor.

154.

I will not kill you with my feet, nor with tusks nor with trunk;

I will kill you with dung, let the foul one be killed by the foul.

The Seventh Birth Story of the Dung Beetle.

228.

The Birth Story of One Led by Desire (2-8-8)

155.

I desire three mountains between, the Pañcālas, the Kurus, and the Kekakas;

Beyond that, brahmin, I desire, cure me, brahmin, who is led by desire.

156.

Some treat one bitten by a black snake, wise ones treat one possessed by a spirit;

But no one treats one led by desire, for what cure is there for one overcome by passion?

The Eighth Birth Story of One Led by Desire.

229.

The Birth Story of the Fleeing One (2-8-9)

157.

With excellent elephants like clouds, with excellent horses in garlands, with chariots raising dust, with arrows raining down;

With firm strikers wielding their weapons, Takkasilā was surrounded on all sides.

158.

Run forth and run near, with various sounds made by those speaking;

Today a tumultuous noise rolls forth like lightning flashing from a thundercloud.

The Birth Story of the Fleeing One, the ninth.

230.

The Second Birth Story of the Fleeing One (2-8-10)

159.

Like the ocean with its boundless flag, endless shore, hard to overcome by crows;

Like a mountain hard to overcome by wind, I am hard to overcome by one like you today.

160.

Do not lament foolishly for such is not his way, you burn yourself and find no restrainer;

You attack a solitary elephant, who will crush you like a reed with his foot.

The Second Birth Story of the Fleeing One, the tenth.

The Chapter on the Ochre Robe, the eighth.

Here is its summary -

Excellent cloth and speech, tree with sharp fruit, four excellent teachings, supreme person;

Crow of Magadha and three mountain names, supreme elephant with excellent flag makes ten.

9.

The Chapter on Sandals

231.

The Birth Story of the Sandals (2-9-1)

161.

Just as sandals bought for a person, would ward off pain for the sake of pleasure;

Afflicted by heat and oppressed by thirst, they gnaw at the feet of that person.

162.

Even so, one who is of low birth and ignoble, having taken up that knowledge and learning;

He gnaws at that very learning there, and is called ignoble, like one with bad sandals.

The First Birth Story of the Sandals.

232.

The Birth Story of the Lute String (2-9-2)

163.

A matter thought out by oneself, a fool without a guide;

For with a crooked and perverse one, it is not proper to associate.

164.

Thinking him to be a bull among men, I desired the crooked one;

He now lies curled up, like a lute with a broken string.

The Second Birth Story of the Lute String.

233.

The Birth Story of Vikaṇṇa (2-9-3)

165.

Go wherever you wish as you please, you are pierced in your heart by the arrow;

You are destroyed by well-played music, and being greedy, pursuing fish.

166.

Thus too falling for worldly material things, one who follows the power of mind is afflicted;

He is destroyed in the midst of relatives and friends, like a fish following a crocodile.

The Birth Story of Vikaṇṇa, the third.

234.

The Birth Story of Asitābhū (2-9-4)

167.

Now you alone have done what sensual desire has departed from you;

This is without reconnection, like sand cut by a sickle.

168.

Through excessive desire, through excessive greed, and through the vanity of excessive greed;

Thus one deteriorates from the good, just as I with the sickle.

The Birth Story of Asitābhū, the fourth.

235.

The Birth Story of Vacchanakha (2-9-5)

169.

Happy are the homes, Vacchanakha, with gold and food,

Having eaten and drunk there, you should sleep without worry.

170.

Not taking from home, not speaking falsely from home;

Not taking up the rod from home, not deceiving others;

Thus who enters a house that is broken and difficult to overcome?

The Birth Story of Vacchanakha, the fifth.

236.

The Brahmā Baka Birth Story (2-9-6)

171.

Auspicious indeed is this bird, a creature white as a lotus;

With peaceful wings, very gently he meditates.

172.

You do not understand his virtue, you praise without knowing;

The twice-born does not protect us, thus the bird does not struggle.

The Brahmā Baka Birth Story Sixth.

237.

The Story of Sāketa (2-9-7)

173.

What, Blessed One, is the reason that for some individuals here;

The heart becomes exceedingly cool, and the mind becomes serene.

174.

Due to living together in the past, or due to present welfare;

Thus that affection arises, like a lotus in water.

The Story of Sāketa Seventh.

238.

The One Term Birth Story (2-9-8)

175.

Come now, dear one, one term that shows many meanings;

Tell something comprehensive, by which we might achieve our purpose.

176.

Dear one, you should know one term that shows many meanings;

And that is connected with virtue, brought about through patience;

Enough to make friends happy and to bring suffering to enemies.

The One Term Birth Story, the eighth.

239.

The Green Frog Birth Story (2-9-9)

177.

Though I was a venomous snake, having entered the mouth of a fish trap;

The green mother is pleased that the little fish eat me.

178.

A person plunders for as long as it serves his purpose;

When others plunder, he who has been plundered plunders.

The Green Frog Birth Story, the ninth.

240.

The Great Piṅgala Birth Story (2-9-10)

179.

All people were harmed by Piṅgala, after his death they experience relief;

Was he dear to you, the one with dark eyes, why do you weep, doorkeeper?

180.

He was not dear to me, the one with dark eyes, I fear his return;

Gone from here he would harm the King of Death, harmed he would bring back here again.

181.

Burnt by a thousand cartloads, sprinkled with hundreds of pots,

That ground was prepared, do not be afraid, the dragon will not come.

The Great Piṅgala Birth Story Tenth.

The Chapter on Sandals Ninth.

Here is its summary -

Noble sandals, hunchback, torn ear, sickle and snake, fifth calf's nail;

Twice-born, affection, supreme, single step, fish trap mouth, with Piṅgala makes ten.

10.

The Chapter on Jackals

241.

The All-Tusked Birth Story (2-10-1)

182.

A jackal stiff with conceit, desiring a retinue;

He reached a great plane, he became king of all tuskers.

183.

Even so among human beings, whoever has a retinue;

That one becomes great there, like the jackal among the tuskers.

The All-Tusked Birth Story First.

242.

The Dog Birth Story (2-10-2)

184.

A fool indeed is this dog, who does not chew through the strap;

He could be freed from bondage, and with the sickle go home.

185.

It is not maintained in my mind, moreover it is done in my heart;

I await my time, until the people fall asleep.

The Dog Birth Story Second.

243.

The Birth Story of Guttila (2-10-3)

186.

"I played the seven-stringed lute, so sweet and delightful;

He calls me in the arena, 'Be a refuge for me, Kosiya.'

187.

"I am a refuge for you, friend, I am one who honours teachers;

The pupil will not defeat you, you as teacher will defeat the pupil."

The Birth Story of Guttila, the third.

244.

The Birth Story of Freedom from Desire (2-10-4)

188.

What one sees, that one does not desire, and what one does not see, that one desires;

I think one will wander for long, for one will not get what one desires.

189.

What one gets, with that one is not content, and what one aspires to, when obtained one despises;

For desire has an endless range, homage to those free from desire.

The Birth Story of Freedom from Desire, the fourth.

245.

The Birth Story of the Root Method (2-10-5)

190.

Time devours all beings, along with oneself;

And the being who devours time cooked the cooking of beings.

191.

Many human heads, with hair and large;

Fixed on necks, someone here must be deaf.

The Birth Story of the Root Method, the fifth.

246.

The Birth Story of the Fool's Exhortation (2-10-6)

192.

Having killed, cut and slain, the unrestrained one gives a gift;

Eating such food, one gets smeared with evil.

193.

Even if having killed wife and children, the unrestrained one gives a gift;

Though eating, the wise one does not get smeared with evil.

The Birth Story of the Fool's Exhortation, the sixth.

247.

The Birth Story of the Reverential Salutation (2-10-7)

194.

Indeed, the one making reverential salutation outshines all with wisdom;

For thus he moves the lip, surely he sees something higher.

195.

He understands neither Teaching nor what is contrary to Teaching, neither good nor harm;

Apart from moving the lip, he knows nothing.

The Birth Story of the Reverential Salutation, the seventh.

248.

The Birth Story of the Kiṃsuka Tree (2-10-8)

196.

The kiṃsuka tree has been seen by all, why do you doubt about this here?

For not in all instances was the charioteer questioned.

197.

Thus with all knowledge, those who have not known the states;

They indeed have perplexity about phenomena, like brothers about the kiṃsuka tree.

The Birth Story of the Kiṃsuka Tree, the eighth.

249.

The Birth Story of the Sālaka (2-10-9)

198.

You will be the only son, and you will be the master of our family;

Come down from the tree, sālaka, come now let us go home.

199.

Do you not think of me as kind-hearted, yet you strike me with a bamboo stick;

Let us delight in the mango grove, you go home as you please.

The Birth Story of the Sālaka, the ninth.

250.

The Birth Story of the Monkey (2-10-10)

200.

This sage delights in peace and self-control, he stands afflicted by fear of cold;

Come, let him enter this dwelling, to completely remove the cold and disturbance.

201.

This is no sage delighting in peace and self-control, this is a monkey whose range is the branches of excellent trees;

He is a defiler, an angry one and base too, if we let him in he would defile the house.

The Birth Story of the Monkey, the tenth.

The Chapter on Jackals, the tenth.

Here is its summary -

Then the excellent king Siṅgāla the dog, thus Kosiya desires the devourer of time;

Then the excellent dānava and the charioteer too, and Punabbasu and Sisira the monkey make ten.

Then the chapter summary -

The firm chapter and after that intimacy, the good chapter incomparable and growing;

Inclination firm grass-obstinacy again, the ochre robe sandals and with Siṅgāla make ten.

The Book of Twos is finished.

3.

The Book of Threes

1.

The Chapter on Intention

251.

The Birth Story about Intention and Lust (3-1-1)

1.

With intention and lust whetted, and sharpened with thought;

Not adorned but excellent, and made by the arrow-maker.

2.

Not released from the ear, nor following the peacock's path;

With that I am struck in the heart, burning in all limbs.

3.

And I do not see the wound, from where blood might flow;

Until my mind was unwise, I brought suffering upon myself.

The Birth Story about Intention and Lust, First.

252.

The Birth Story about the Handful of Sesame (3-1-2)

4.

Even today I remember in my mind, how you with a handful of sesame;

Taking me by the arm, beat me with a stick.

5.

Do you not delight in life, that you came to the brahmin;

Who, taking me by the arm, beat me three times.

6.

When a noble one restrains with a stick one who acts ignobly;

That is Teaching, not animosity, thus the wise ones know it.

The Second Birth Story about the Handful of Sesame.

253.

The Birth Story about the Jewel-Throat (3-1-3)

7.

Abundant and excellent food and drink arise for me because of this jewel;

I will not give it to you as you ask too much, and I will not come to your hermitage.

8.

Like a child with hands washed with gravel, you frightened me asking for the jewel;

I will not give it to you as you ask too much, and I will not come to your hermitage.

9.

One should not ask for what one desires as dear, one becomes detestable through excessive asking;

When the brahmin asked the dragon for the jewel, it simply disappeared from sight.

The Third Birth Story about the Jewel-Throat.

254.

The Birth Story about the Sindh Horse that Ate Chaff (3-1-4)

10.

Having eaten grass and fodder, having eaten rice-water and chaff;

That was your food, why do you not eat now?

11.

Where they do not know a person by birth or by discipline;

There, great brahma, even the water used to wash rice and chaff.

12.

But you know me, what kind of excellent horse I am;

Knowing, having come to one who knows, I do not eat chaff.

The Birth Story about the Sindh Horse that Ate Chaff, the fourth.

255.

The Birth Story About the Parrot (3-1-5)

13.

As long as that bird knew moderation in eating;

For that long it travelled the course and supported its mother.

14.

But when it consumed too much food;

Then it sank right there, for it was one who did not know moderation.

15.

Therefore moderation is good, and non-greed regarding food;

For those without moderation sink, but those with moderation do not sink.

The Birth Story about the Parrot, the fifth.

256.

The Birth Story About the Old Well (3-1-6)

16.

Digging an old well, merchants seeking water,

The merchants found iron and copper, tin and lead,

Silver and gold, many pearls and lapis lazuli.

17.

And not content with that, they dug more and more;

Then there a fierce cobra, powerful with heat, struck them.

18.

Therefore dig but do not dig too much, for excessive digging is evil;

Through digging wealth was gained, through excessive digging it was lost.

The Birth Story about the Old Well, the sixth.

257.

The Birth Story About Gāmaṇicanda (3-1-7)

19.

This one is not skilled in household matters, this wrinkled face is greedy;

He would spoil whatever is done, such is the nature of this family.

20.

This is not the hair of one with good mind, this is not a breathing deer;

Though instructed by me through the people's connection, this one understands nothing.

21.

Such a person would not support

Mother, father, brother, or his own sister, so I was instructed by Dasaratha.

The Birth Story about Gāmaṇicanda, the seventh.

258.

The Birth Story of Mandhātu (3-1-8)

22.

"As far as the sun and moon revolve, illuminating the quarters with their light;

All beings who depend on earth were Mandhātu's servants.

23.

Not by a shower of coins is there found satisfaction in sensual pleasures;

'Sensual pleasures give little gratification and much suffering,' thus understanding, the wise person.

24.

Even in heavenly sensual pleasures, he finds no delight;

The disciple of the Perfectly Enlightened One delights in the destruction of craving.

The Birth Story of Mandhātu, the eighth.

259.

The Birth Story of Tirīṭavaccha (3-1-9)

25.

He has no true knowledge of any kind, he is neither your relative nor companion;

Then for what reason does Tirīṭavaccha, with his three staves, eat the best alms?

26.

When I was defeated in battle and alone in the terrible wilderness,

He extended his hand to me in my difficulty, and thus I crossed over when overcome with suffering.

27.

Due to that deed I have come here, to the domain of merchants in the world of the living;

Dear one, Tirīṭavaccha is worthy of gain, give him wealth and make sacrifices.

The Birth Story of Tirīṭavaccha, the ninth.

260.

The Birth Story of the Messenger (3-1-10)

28.

For whose benefit they go far, even to beg from an enemy;

I am a messenger of that belly, do not be angry with me, O bull among charioteers.

29.

For whom day and night, young men come under control;

I am a messenger of that belly, do not be angry with me, O bull among charioteers.

30.

I give you a thousand red cows with a bull, brahmin;

For how could a messenger not give to a messenger, we too are messengers of that same thing.

The Birth Story of the Messenger, the tenth.

The Chapter on Intention, the first.

Here is its summary -

The excellent fletcher, handful of sesame, jewel, king of horses, bird, snake;

Janasandha, rain of coins, and again Tiriṭa, with the excellent messenger as the tenth.

2.

The Chapter on the Lotus

261.

The Birth Story of the Lotus (3-2-1)

31.

Just as hair and beard, when cut and cut, grow again;

So may your nose grow again, give me the lotus, I beseech you.

32.

Just as an autumn seed, sown in a field grows;

So may your nose grow again, give me the lotus, I beseech you.

33.

While both these are babbling, he might give lotuses;

Whether they speak or do not speak, there is no growing of the nose;

Give me the lotuses, friend, I beseech you as a supplicant.

The First Birth Story of the Lotus.

262.

The Birth Story of the Soft Hand (3-2-2)

34.

If the hand were soft, and if the bull elephant were well-trained;

And if darkness were to rain down, then indeed that would be.

35.

Insatiable with soft speech, like rivers hard to fill;

Having known that they cause sinking, one should avoid them from afar.

36.

Those whom they pursue, whether through desire or wealth;

Like a fire, they quickly burn up that state.

The Second Birth Story of the Soft Hand.

263.

The Birth Story of the Minor Temptation (3-2-3)

37.

On unbroken water, having come by oneself through spiritual power;

Having gone to associate with a woman, you sink in the great ocean.

38.

A great magical illusion that converts, disturbing to the holy life;

Having known that they cause sinking, one should avoid them from afar.

39.

Those whom they pursue, whether through desire or wealth;

Like a fire, they quickly burn up that state.

The Third: The Lesser Story of Enticement

264.

The Story of Mahāpanāda (3-2-4)

40.

There was a king named Panāda, whose sacrificial post was golden;

Sixteen cubits across, they say it rose up a thousand-fold.

41.

With a thousand sections and a hundred knots, with flags, made of green gems;

Six thousand tree-deities danced there in seven groups.

42.

So it was then, just as you say, Bhaddaji;

I was then Sakka, your attendant.

The Story of Mahāpanāda, Fourth.

265.

The Story of the Hoof-tipped Arrow (3-2-5)

43.

Seeing the hoof-tipped arrows shot with bow's force, the sharp oil-polished swords taken up;

In that perilous moment when death was arrayed, why did you not have trepidation.

44.

Seeing the hoof-tipped arrows shot with bow's force, the sharp oil-polished swords taken up;

In that perilous moment when death was arrayed, I gained vast and sublime inspiration.

45.

Thus inspired, I overcame the enemies, for I had already given up my life;

For one making attachment to life would never do a hero's deed.

The Story of the Hoof-tipped Arrow, the fifth.

266.

The Story of the Wind-swift Horse (3-2-6)

46.

Why are you thin and pale, why does the food not please you;

This husband of yours has come, why do you now run away.

47.

If indeed from the very first, familiarity arises;

The fame of women declines, therefore dear one I run away.

48.

When a woman does not want one born in a famous family who has come;

She sorrows for a long time, like a bhaddalī plant in a strong wind.

The Story of the Wind-swift Horse, the sixth.

267.

The Story of the Crab (3-2-7)

49.

The horned deer with long-set eyes, the water-dwelling eight-limbed one without hair;

Overcome by him I cry pitifully, may he not abandon me who is equal to life.

50.

Noble one, I will not abandon you, the sixty-year-old elephant;

On this earth bounded by four oceans, you were dear to me.

51.

Those crabs in the ocean, in the Ganges and in the Yamuna;

You were the best of those water-born ones, release my weeping husband.

The Birth Story of the Crab, the seventh.

268.

The Birth Story of the Garden Destroyer (3-2-8)

52.

One who among all those assembled, was considered the highest;

Such is his wisdom, what then of other beings.

53.

Even so you, brahmin, criticise without understanding;

How without seeing the root, would one know a tree is established?

54.

I do not criticise you, nor the other monkeys in the forest;

Blameworthy is the one who trusts, for whose sake trees were planted.

The Birth Story of the Garden Destroyer, Eighth.

269.

The Birth Story of Sujāta (3-2-9)

55.

Not by beauty endowed, sweet and pleasing to see;

One with harsh speech becomes dear, in this world and the next.

56.

Do you not see this dark one, ugly and marked with spots;

The cuckoo with gentle speech, dear to many living beings.

57.

Therefore with gentle speech, speaking wisely, not agitated;

Who illuminates the meaning and the Teaching - sweet is his speech.

The Birth Story of Sujāta, Ninth.

270.

The Birth Story of the Owl (3-2-10)

58.

Indeed by all relatives, Kosiya was made ruler;

If permitted by the relatives, I would speak one statement.

59.

"Speak, friend, being permitted, about the good and the Teaching completely;

For there are young birds, wise and bearing radiance.

60.

"Good sirs, I do not approve of the owl's consecration;

Look at his face when not angry, what will he do when angry?"

The Birth Story of the Owl, Tenth.

The Chapter on the Lotus, Second.

Here is its summary -

Supreme lotus, called Nāga and Siri, with great ocean, sacrificial post, and excellent hoof-tipped arrow;

Then Bhaddālī, elephant, tree again, harsh speech, and with the excellent owl makes ten.

3.

The Chapter on the Well

271.

The Story of the Well Polluter (3-3-1)

61.

To a forest-dwelling sage, long practicing austerities;

Why, friend, did you pollute the well that was made with difficulty?

62.

This is the principle of jackals, that after drinking we defecate in it;

It is the principle of fathers and grandfathers, you should not be upset about it.

63.

If this is your principle, then what would be contrary to principle;

May we never see your principle or what is contrary to principle.

First Story of the Well Polluter.

272.

The Story of the Tiger (3-3-2)

64.

Through bonding with which friend, security from bondage is lost;

Before, the wise person was like eyes on a tree for him.

65.

Through bonding with which friend, security from bondage increases;

The wise person should live equal to oneself in all duties.

66.

Come, tigers, return, go back to the great forest;

Do not cut down the forest without tigers, may the tigers not be without forest.

The Story of the Tiger, the second.

273.

The Turtle Birth Story (3-3-3)

67.

Who now is like one with food taken up, like a brahmin with full hands;

Where did he go for alms, what faithful person did he approach.

68.

I am a foolish monkey, I touched what should not be touched;

You release me, venerable sir, being released I would go to the mountain.

69.

The turtles are Kassapas, the monkeys are Koṇḍaññas;

Release Koṇḍañña, Kassapa, sexual intercourse has been done by you.

The Turtle Birth Story Third.

274.

The Greedy Birth Story (3-3-4)

70.

A crane with a crest in body, a thief, a leaping grandfather;

Come here, crane, the fierce crow is my friend.

71.

I am not a crane with a crest, I am a greedy crow;

Not having done your bidding, see, I have come wounded.

72.

You fall into evil again, friend, for such is your habit;

Indeed, human pleasures are not well enjoyed by birds.

The Greedy Birth Story Fourth.

275.

The Beautiful Birth Story (3-3-5)

73.

A beautiful crane in body dwells in a crow's nest;

The fierce crow is my friend, whose nest this is.

74.

Don't you know me, friend, a bird who feeds on wild millet;

Not having done your bidding, see, I have come wounded.

75.

You fall into evil again, friend, for such is your habit;

Indeed, human pleasures are not well enjoyed by birds.

The Beautiful Birth Story Fifth.

276.

The Kurudhamma Birth Story (3-3-6)

76.

Having known your faith and virtue, O ruler of people;

We exchanged beauty with the colour of collyrium in Kālinga.

77.

Those who feed on food and those who feed on others, whoever goes to them;

All these should not be rejected, this is the word of former teachers.

78.

I give you, brahmins, this bull elephant, worthy of a king, fit for royal use, glorious;

Adorned, covered with a net of gold, with its charioteer - go wherever you wish.

The Kurudhamma Birth Story Sixth.

277.

The Romaka Birth Story (3-3-7)

79.

For more than fifty years, we lived in a rock cave, Romaka;

Without moving, with minds quenched, the birds came to my hand before.

80.

Now why are these winged ones so eager, curved in wing, frequenting another mountain cave;

They surely do not think of me as before, either long gone or these are not the same ones.

81.

We know that, we are not deluded, you are indeed that one, we are no others;

And your mind is corrupted regarding these people, therefore we ascetics are frightened of you.

The Romaka Birth Story Seventh.

278.

The Buffalo King Birth Story (3-3-8)

82.

For what purpose, with what intention, of this fickle-minded treacherous one;

Who gives all desired pleasures, do you endure this suffering.

83.

Strike him with your horn, and trample him with your foot;

Fools would increasingly become angry, if there were no one to restrain them.

84.

Thinking this is just for me, others will do likewise;

They will kill him there, and that will be my freedom.

The Buffalo King Birth Story eighth.

279.

The Woodpecker Birth Story (3-3-9)

85.

Just as a young man on the road, a jackal roaming in the forest;

Though speaking for his good, he conceives her as wishing his harm;

The woodpecker wishing his harm, he conceives as wishing his good.

86.

Just so here a certain person is like that;

When told words for his welfare, he takes them wrongly.

87.

Those who praise him, or exalt him through fear;

He conceives them as friends, like the young man the woodpecker.

The Woodpecker Birth Story ninth.

280.

The Bag Spoiler Birth Story (3-3-10)

88.

Surely indeed the king of beasts is skilled in bag-work;

For thus he spoils the bag, surely he will do something else.

89.

Neither my mother nor father is skilled in bag-making;

We would spoil whatever is done, such is the nature of this family.

90.

If this is your principle, then what would be contrary to principle;

May we never see your principle or what is contrary to principle.

The Bag Spoiler Birth Story, the tenth.

The Chapter on the Well, the third.

Here is its summary -

The excellent well, forest tiger, monkey, peahen and heron, excellent beauty;

Again the excellent ruler of good people, the defiler of hair, hundred petals, and ten meritorious deeds.

4.

The Chapter on Internal

281.

The Internal Birth Story (3-4-1)

91.

There is a tree called Internal, whose fruit is divine;

Having eaten it, a pregnant woman gives birth to a wheel-turning monarch.

92.

You too, dear lady, are a chief queen, and beloved of your husband;

The king will bring you this Internal fruit.

93.

Striving in the interest of his husband, whatever state he attains,

Being heroic and self-sacrificing, we obtain.

The First Internal Birth Story.

282.

The Birth Story of the Better (3-4-2)

94.

The better becomes better still, who associates with the better;

Having made an alliance with one, I freed a hundred from execution.

95.

Therefore having made an alliance with all the world as one,

One may reach heaven after death, hear this, people of Kasi.

96.

Having said this, the great king Kamsa, ruler of Benares;

Laying down his bow and arrow, undertook self-control.

The Second Birth Story of the Better.

283.

The Birth Story of the Carpenter and the Pig (3-4-3)

97.

You went about before killing the best of the best, having overcome the pigs in this place;

Now alone you meditate having gone apart, tiger, your strength is not found today.

98.

These indeed went in all directions before, being afraid, many seeking shelter;

Now they dwell together in one place, where established they are hard for me to overcome today.

99.

Homage to the Communities that have gathered, having seen this myself I speak of this marvel;

Where deer conquered the fanged tiger, through concord they were freed from those with fang-power.

The Birth Story of the Carpenter and the Pig is the third.

284.

The Birth Story of Glory (3-4-4)

100.

Whatever the unlucky ones eagerly amass, much wealth;

Those with skills and those without skills, the lucky one enjoys these.

101.

For one who has made merit everywhere, surpassing other living beings;

Many pleasures arise, even in places with few sense bases.

102.

A rooster, gems, a stick, and women with meritorious characteristics;

Arise for the non-evil person, for the being who has done merit.

The Birth Story of Glory, the fourth.

285.

The Birth Story of the Jewel and the Pig (3-4-5)

103.

In a cave for seven years, about thirty of us dwelt;

Let us destroy the light of the jewel, thus was our discussion.

104.

The more we rub the jewel, the cleaner the jewel becomes;

Now we ask this, what do you think should be done here?

105.

This beryl jewel, flawless, pure, beautiful;

Its glory cannot be destroyed, depart, O pigs!

The Birth Story of the Jewel and the Pig, the fifth.

286.

The Sālūka Birth Story (3-4-6)

106.

Do not envy Sālūka, he eats the food of the sick;

Eat your chaff at ease, this is the characteristic of long life.

107.

Now having come here, that guest is a proper servant;

Then you will see Sālūka, lying with a pestle over him.

108.

Having seen the boar cut up, lying with a pestle over him;

The old oxen reflected, "Our chaff is better."

The Sālūka Birth Story is sixth.

287.

The Blame of Gain Birth Story (3-4-7)

109.

Neither mad nor slanderous, neither a dancer nor curious;

Among the deluded one gains, this is the instruction for you.

110.

Curse that gain of fame, and gain of wealth, brahmin;

That livelihood through the lower world, or through unrighteous conduct.

111.

Even if taking a bowl, one wanders forth homeless;

That livelihood is better than searching through improper means.

The Blame of Gain Birth Story Seventh.

288.

The Fish Hook Birth Story (3-4-8)

112.

The fish are worth more than a thousand, no one would believe this;

If I had seven months here, I too would buy that fish hook.

113.

Having given food to the fish, he dedicated the offering to me;

Remembering that offering, you have shown respect.

114.

For one with a corrupted mind there is no prosperity, nor do deities honour him;

"One who deceived his brother regarding the paternal inheritance is an evil-doer" means:

The Fish Hook Birth Story Eighth.

289.

The Different Desires Birth Story (3-4-9)

115.

"Different desires, great king, we have while living in one house;

I wish for a choice village, and the brahmin woman for a hundred cows.

116.

The son wants a thoroughbred chariot, and the maiden jewelled earrings;

And that wretched slave woman Puṇṇikā desires a mortar.

117.

A choice village for the brahmin, a hundred cows for the brahmin woman,

A thoroughbred chariot for the son, jewelled earrings for the maiden;

And for that wretched Puṇṇikā, provide her with a mortar."

The Different Desires Birth Story Ninth.

290.

The Birth Story of the Investigation of Virtue (3-4-10)

118.

Virtue indeed is good, virtue is unsurpassed in the world;

See, the dragon with terrible poison is not killed because it is virtuous.

119.

I will prescribe virtue, auspicious and approved in the world;

One who has noble conduct and behaviour is called virtuous.

120.

He is dear to relatives and shines among friends;

With the breaking up of the body, the virtuous one is reborn in a good destination.

The Birth Story of the Investigation of Virtue is the tenth.

The Chapter on Internal is the fourth.

Here is its summary -

Tree, Best Bronze, Tiger and Deer, Jewels, Jewel, Water-root Call;

And also Instruction and the Best Fish, with Jewelled Earring makes ten.

5.

The Chapter on the Pot

291.

The Birth Story of the Pot of Liquor (2-5-1)

121.

Having received a pot that grants all sensual pleasures, a mixer;

As long as he maintains it, so long he dwells in happiness.

122.

When intoxicated and vain, through negligence he broke the pot;

Then naked and wretched, afterwards the fool suffers.

123.

Even so one who having gained wealth, enjoys it negligently;

Afterwards the dull-witted one is tormented, just like the mixer who broke the pot.

The Birth Story of the Pot of Liquor, First.

292.

The Birth Story of Supatta (3-5-2)

124.

In Benares, great king, there lived a king of crows;

By eighty thousand, Supatta was surrounded.

125.

His pregnant wife wishes to eat the well-contacted,

The freshly cooked royal food from the king's great kitchen.

126.

I am sent as a messenger to them, and I have come here for the king;

I did my duty to my master, I did not make a wound to my nose.

The Second Birth Story of Supatta.

293.

The Birth Story of Disgust with the Body (3-5-3)

127.

Touched by a certain illness, severely pained by disease, suffering,

This body quickly dries up, like a flower placed in the dust in the heat.

128.

What is ignoble is reckoned as noble, what is impure is considered pure;

Full of various corpses, for one who does not see it as having a noble form.

129.

Curse this afflicted putrid body, disgusting, impure, subject to disease;

Where the generation is diligent and intent, they deteriorate the path to rebirth in a good destination.

The Third: The Birth Story of Disgust with the Body

294.

The Birth Story of the Rose-apple Eater (3-5-4)

130.

Who is this with a sweet melodious voice, supreme among those who have voices;

Untainted on the rose-apple branch, cooing like a young peacock.

131.

Only a clansman knows how to praise a clansman;

O friend with a body like a tiger cub, eat, I will give to you.

132.

Indeed, after a long time I see false speakers come together;

One who eats vomit and one who eats corpses praising each other.

The Fourth: The Birth Story of the Rose-apple Eater

295.

The Birth Story of the End (3-5-5)

133.

Your shoulders are like a bull's, your stretching is like a lion's;

O king of beasts, homage to you, may we receive something.

134.

Only a clansman knows how to praise a clansman;

Crow with neck like a peacock's, go away from here.

135.

The jackal is the lowest among beasts, and the crow among birds;

The castor oil plant is the lowest among trees, these three lowest have come together.

The Birth Story of the End, the fifth.

296.

The Ocean Birth Story (3-5-6)

136.

Who is this who runs around everywhere in the salty water;

Keeps off fish and sea-monsters, and struggles in the waves.

137.

The bird that drinks endlessly, known in all directions as the unsatisfied one;

I wish to drink the ocean, the sea, lord of rivers.

138.

So this great ocean ebbs and flows,

Its end of drinking is not known, for the ocean is undrinkable.

The Ocean Birth Story Sixth.

297.

The Sensual Lamentation Birth Story (3-5-7)

139.

High in the sky, O bird, winged one who travels by flight;

You should tell that fair-thighed one, she will take a long time.

140.

This indeed she does not know, the sword and spear laid out;

That fierce one will become angry, that burns me, not this.

141.

That armour of blue lotuses, and the golden head ornament,

And the soft Kasi cloth, let the dear creditor be satisfied.

The Sensual Lamentation Birth Story Seventh.

298.

The Fig Tree Birth Story (3-5-8)

142.

These fig trees are ripe, and banyan trees and wood apple trees;

Come out and eat, why do you die of hunger.

143.

Thus one is content, who respects the elders;

Just as I am content today, having eaten the tree fruits.

144.

When a monkey from the forest would deceive a monkey from the forest;

A young monkey would believe, but not an old aged monkey.

The Fig Tree Birth Story Eighth.

299.

The Birth Story of Komāraputta (3-5-9)

145.

Formerly you played descent in the presence of the virtuous ones, in the hermitage;

Do your monkey tricks, monkey, we do not delight in you among the virtuous ones.

146.

I have heard of the supreme purification, of the learned Komāraputta;

Do not think of me now as before, friend, I dwell devoted to meditation.

147.

Even if one were to sow seeds on rock, and the sky would rain, they would not grow;

You have heard of that supreme purification, but you are far from the plane of meditation, monkey.

The Birth Story of Komāraputta, the ninth.

300.

The Birth Story of the Wolf (3-5-10)

148.

Living by harming other living beings, feeding on flesh and blood;

The wolf, having undertaken a vow, undertook the observance.

149.

Sakka, knowing his vow, approached in the form of a goat;

His austerity departed, overcome, he broke his blood-drinking austerity.

150.

Even so here some people are weak in their undertakings;

They make themselves unstable, like the wolf in the case of the goat.

The Birth Story of the Wolf, the tenth.

The Chapter on the Pot, the fifth.

Here is its summary -

Varakumbha, Supattasirī by name, Sucisammata, Bindusāra and Usabha;

Saritampati, Caṇḍi, Jarākapinā, then Makkaṭiyā with Vakaka, ten.

Then the chapter summary -

Intention and Paduma, and with the Well is the third;

Interior and Breaking the Pot, thus is marked the Book of Threes.

The Book of Threes is finished.

4.

The Book of Fours

1.

The Chapter about Kāliṅga

301.

The Lesser Birth Story of Kāliṅga (4-1-1)

1.

Open this door, let them enter the city of King Aruṇa;

Well instructed by the lion, well protected by Nandisena.

2.

Victory to the invincible Kāliṅgas, defeat and calamity to the Assakas;

Thus indeed you spoke, holy one, the righteous do not speak falsely.

3.

Deities have transcended false speech, truth is their supreme wealth, O Sakka;

That was falsely spoken by you, king of deities, why, O Maghavā, great Indra.

4.

Have you not heard, brahmin, when it was being said, deities do not envy human exertion;

Self-control, concentration, and unbreakable mind, undistracted and timely endeavour;

And firm energy and human exertion, by that indeed came the victory of the Assakas.

The Lesser Birth Story of Kāliṅga First.

302.

The Great Horseman Birth Story (4-1-2)

5.

Giving gifts to those unworthy of gifts, not giving to those worthy;

When fallen into misfortune and disaster, one finds no companion.

6.

Not giving gifts to those unworthy of gifts, one who gives to those worthy;

When fallen into misfortune and disaster, finds a companion.

7.

The vision of distinction in union and enjoyment is lost among the ignoble teachings and the deceitful;

But even a small deed done among the noble and upright ones becomes greatly fruitful.

8.

One who having done good before, did what is very difficult to do in the world;

Whether one acts later or not, is forever worthy of veneration.

The Great Horseman Birth Story Second.

303.

The Birth Story of King Eka (4-1-3)

9.

Having formerly enjoyed unsurpassed and abundant cords of sensual pleasure, King Eka had mastery;

Now thrown into the miserable hell, he did not lose his former beauty and strength.

10.

"Previously my patience and austerity were well established, O evil-minded one;

Now having attained that, O king, how could I lose my former beauty and strength?

11.

"All these indeed are thus concluded, having overcome one who has fame and wisdom;

And having gained excellent former glory, one does not lose former beauty and strength.

12.

"O lord of people, dispel happiness with suffering, or with happiness bear unbearable suffering;

The peaceful ones, with quenched self in both cases, remain equal in happiness and suffering."

The Third Birth Story of King Eka.

304.

The Daddara Birth Story (4-1-4)

13.

These harsh words in the human world torment me, O Daddara;

Those who eat frogs and dwell by the water's edge, these non-venomous ones abuse me like a venomous snake.

14.

Banished from my own country, gone to another district;

One should make a great storehouse to put away harsh words.

15.

Where they do not know a person by birth or by discipline;

There one should not be conceited, dwelling among unknown people.

16.

For one dwelling in a foreign land, even if like the sacred fire;

The wise one should be patient, even with a slave's threats.

The Fourth Daddara Birth Story.

305.

The Birth Story of the Investigation of Virtue (4-1-5)

17.

"There is no secrecy in the world for one doing an evil deed;

The beings of the forest see him, the fool thinks it is secret.

18.

I do not see secrecy, nor is emptiness found;

Where I do not see another, that becomes non-empty by me.

19.

Dujjacca and Sujjacca, and Nanda who increased in happiness;

And Vejja and one of unstable virtue, they abandoned the Teaching like churning-sticks.

20.

And how would a brahmin, gone beyond all teachings, abandon;

If one protects the Teaching, one is resolute and true in endeavour.

The Birth Story of the Investigation of Virtue, the fifth.

306.

The Birth Story of Sujāta (4-1-6)

21.

What are these berries, your majesty, placed in a bronze bowl;

Reddish and beautiful, tell me this when asked.

22.

Those which before, my queen, when you were shaven-headed and wearing rags,

You gathered with hands in your lap, this is the fruit of your kola tree.

23.

She burns and does not delight, pleasures abandon her;

Take her back right there, where she will gather kola fruit.

24.

"So it is, great king, for this woman who has attained spiritual powers;

Forgive Sujāta, deity, do not be angry with her, chief of charioteers."

The Birth Story of Sujāta, the sixth.

307.

The Birth Story of the Palāsa Tree (4-1-7)

25.

"Brahmin, this insolent tree is unconscious, unhearing, unknowing;

Being energetic, stable and diligent, for what reason do you ask about pleasant rest?

26.

"Far-famed and great is this tree, standing in this place like an abode of beings;

Therefore I revere this palāsa tree, for the beings here are the cause of wealth.

27.

"I shall act according to your power, brahmin, considering gratitude;

For how, having come into the presence of the good, could your endeavours be in vain?

28.

The fig tree beyond the tinduka tree, surrounded by a great former sacrifice;

At its root a treasure is buried, go and dig it up as there is no heir.

The Birth Story of the Palāsa Tree, the seventh.

308.

The Bird Birth Story (4-1-8)

29.

We have done service for you, as far as we were able;

O king of beasts, homage to you, may we receive something.

30.

For me who feeds on blood, always doing cruel deeds;

Being between the teeth, it is much that you are still alive.

31.

One who is ungrateful and does not act, who does not repay what has been done;

In whom there is no gratitude, serving him is useless.

32.

One from whose presence no qualities of friendship are found;

Without envy and mental abuse, gently departed from there.

The Bird Birth Story, the eighth.

309.

The Birth Story of the Outcaste (4-1-9)

33.

All this was done for the last time, both did not see the Teaching;

Both fell from their natural state, he who causes mantras to be recited;

And he who studies the mantra.

34.

I would eat rice curry, with pure meat sauce;

Therefore I do not pursue this, the Teaching practiced by sages.

35.

Wander forth, great is the world, others cook living beings;

Let not evil conduct break you, like a water pot from a stone.

36.

Curse that gain of fame, and gain of wealth, brahmin;

That livelihood through the lower world, or through unrighteous conduct means:

The Birth Story of the Outcaste, the ninth.

310.

The Birth Story of the Better (4-1-10)

37.

The earth bounded by the ocean, encircled by the sea;

One should not wish for along with blame, know this as better.

38.

Curse that gain of fame, and gain of wealth, brahmin;

That livelihood through the lower world, or through unrighteous conduct.

39.

Even if taking a bowl, one wanders forth homeless;

That livelihood is better than searching through improper means.

40.

Even if taking a bowl, one wanders forth homeless;

Not harming another in the world, even with kingship they would choose that.

The Birth Story of the Better, the tenth.

The Chapter about Kāliṅga, the first.

Here is its summary -

Opening and not to be given and excellent success, then Daddara and evil great secrecy;

Then Koli and excellent insolence and doing, the last with excellent ocean makes ten.

2.

The Chapter About the Nimb Tree

311.

The Birth Story of the Nimb Tree (4-2-1)

41.

Get up, thief! Why do you lie there? What good is there in sleeping for you?

Let not the kings seize you, an evil-doer in the village.

42.

"When they will catch a thief, an evil-doer in the village;

What has the nimb tree to do with it, standing in the forest?

43.

"You do not know, O fig tree, the difference between me and the thief;

Having caught the thief, the kings, the evil-doer in the village;

Fix him on a nimb stake, therefore my mind is anxious.

44.

One should be anxious about things that warrant anxiety, one should guard against future fear;

The wise one, due to fear of the future, looks to both worlds."

The Birth Story of the Nimb Tree, First.

312.

The Birth Story of Kassapa's Sluggishness (4-2-2)

45.

"O Kassapa, does the sluggish youth curse or strike;

The wise one tolerates all that, the wise person endures that.

46.

Even if good people dispute, they quickly reconcile again;

Fools break apart like pots, they do not attain settlement.

47.

These unite even more, their unity does not decay;

One who knows what has been undertaken, and one who knows the teaching.

48.

For this one is superior, a bearer of the burden, one who bears the yoke;

Who is able to reconcile by oneself those of others who have undertaken.

The Birth Story of Kassapa's Sluggishness, the second.

313.

The Birth Story of the Patient One (4-2-3)

49.

Who cut off your hands and feet, and ears and nose;

"Be angry with him, O great hero, do not destroy this kingdom.

50.

Who cut off my hands and feet, and ears and nose;

May that king live long, for ones like me do not get angry.

51.

There was in the past, an ascetic who exemplified patience;

Standing firm in that patience, the king of Kāsi cut him up.

52.

The result of that harsh action was bitter;

What the king of Kāsi experienced, consigned to hell."

The Birth Story of the Patient One, the third.

314.

The Birth Story of the Iron Cauldron (4-2-4)

53.

We lived a wretched life, we who did not give to those who were present;

When there were riches, we did not make an island for ourselves.

54.

Sixty thousand years, complete in every way;

While cooking in hell, when will there be an end?

55.

There is no end, from where an end? No end is seen;

For thus was the evil done, by me and you, friend.

56.

Having gone from here, having obtained a human womb,

Generous and endowed with virtuous behavior, I will do much wholesome action.

The Fourth Birth Story of the Iron Cauldron.

315.

The Birth Story of Gaining All Kinds of Meat (4-2-5)

57.

Harsh indeed are your words, you are a beggar for meat;

Your words are like entrails, friend, I will give you entrails.

58.

This is a factor of human beings, in the world one is called a brother;

Your words are like a factor, friend, I will give you a factor.

59.

When a son says "Father," it stirs the father's heart;

Your words are like a heart, friend, I will give you a heart.

60.

For whom there is no friend in the village, that is just like a forest;

Your words are like everything, friend, I will give you everything."

The Fifth Birth Story of Gaining All Kinds of Meat.

316.

The Birth Story of the Wise Hare (4-2-6)

61.

Seven red fish of mine, drawn up from water onto land;

Brahmin, this is what I have, eat this and dwell in the forest.

62.

I have brought the night meal of my field watcher,

Two skewers of meat and monitor lizards, and one vessel of curd;

Brahmin, this is what I have, eat this and dwell in the forest.

63.

Ripe mangoes, cool water, cool shade that is delightful;

Brahmin, this is what I have, eat this and dwell in the forest.

64.

The hare has no sesame, no mung beans, nor rice;

Eat what is cooked with this fire of mine and dwell in the forest.

The Birth Story of the Wise Hare, the sixth.

317.

The Birth Story of Weeping for the Dead (4-2-7)

65.

Weep only for the dead, do not weep for one who will die;

All beings who bear a body progressively give up life.

66.

Deities and humans, four-footed creatures, groups of birds and serpents who move by their coils;

Not having mastery over their own body, while delighting they give up life.

67.

Having seen among humans such instability and lack of firmness, pleasure and suffering,

Weeping and crying is purposeless, why do you scatter about groups of sorrow.

68.

Mixers and drunkards, undisciplined, foolish, brave but without exertion;

They think the wise to be a fool, those unskilled in the Teaching.

The Birth Story of Weeping for the Dead, the seventh.

318.

The Birth Story of the Oleander (4-2-8)

69.

That which in springtime, among the shining oleanders;

You yourself pressed with your arm, she spoke of that as health.

70.

"Oh sir, it should not be believed that the wind could carry away a mountain;

If the wind could carry away a mountain, it could carry away all the earth;

Where Sāmā died, she spoke to me of health.

71.

She is neither dead, nor does she desire another;

Taking only one meal, Sāmā longs for him alone.

72.

Sāmā exchanged me, an unfamiliar one, for a long-familiar one, the unstable for the stable;

Sāmā might exchange me for another, I shall go far away from here."

The Birth Story of the Oleander, the Eighth.

319.

The Partridge Birth Story (4-2-9)

73.

"Happily indeed I live, and I obtain food to eat;

I stand as if in ambush, Venerable Sir, what is my destination?

74.

If your mind does not bend, bird, towards evil action;

For one who is unobstructed and righteous, evil does not stick.

75.

"Our relative is seated," many people come;

Due to action one experiences, therefore my mind is anxious.

76.

One does not experience due to action, if the mind does not become corrupt;

For one who lives at ease and is righteous, evil does not stick.

The Partridge Birth Story, the ninth.

320.

The Easy to Give Up Birth Story (4-2-10)

77.

What was easy to give up he did not give up, by speech he gave a mountain;

What benefit is there in giving up, when by speech he gave a mountain.

78.

One should say what one would do, one should not say what one would not do;

The wise understand those who speak without doing.

79.

O prince, homage to you, you are established in truth and Teaching;

For one who has met with disaster, the mind delights in truth.

80.

She who is poor to a poor man, rich to a rich man, of good repute;

She is indeed his supreme wife, a woman with wealth.

The Easy to Give Up Birth Story, the tenth.

The Chapter about the Nimb Tree, the second.

Here is its summary -

Then thief and Kassapa and Forbearance Hero, and difficult life and excellent harsh speech;

Then rabbit and death and spring happiness, and easy to give up vow not given up by the ten.

3.

The Chapter on the Hut Destroyer

321.

The Birth Story of the Hut Destroyer (4-3-1)

81.

Your head and limbs are like those of a human being, monkey;

Then for what reason is no house found for you?

82.

My head and limbs are like those of a human being, friend;

But the wisdom that is supreme among human beings is not found in me.

83.

For one with unsettled mind, fickle mind, treacherous,

Always of unstable virtue, happiness is not found.

84.

So exert your power, overcome your nature,

Make yourself a hut for protection from cold and wind, monkey.

The Birth Story of the Hut Destroyer, First.

322.

The Birth Story of the Water Snake (4-3-2)

85.

Venerable sir, there is a water snake's hiss in the region where I live;

I too do not know this, what is this water snake?

86.

Having heard the wood apple fall, the hare ran thinking "water snake";

Having heard the hare's word, the herd of deer was frightened.

87.

Without reaching knowledge of the footprint, following others' sounds;

Fools go no further than noise, they rely on others.

88.

But those endowed with virtue, delighting in wisdom and peace;

The wise ones, far removed and abstaining, do not rely on others.

The Birth Story of the Water Snake, the second.

323.

The Birth Story of Brahmadatta (4-3-3)

89.

A petitioner, O king Brahmadatta, encounters a dyad;

Either no gain or gain of wealth, for such is the nature of begging.

90.

Begging is weeping, O chief of charioteers of the Pañcālas;

One who refuses a request, that they call counter-weeping.

91.

Let not the well-assembled Pañcālas see me weeping;

Or you counter-weeping, therefore I wish for privacy.

92.

I give you a thousand red cows with a bull, brahmin;

For how could a noble one not give to a noble one, having heard your verses full of Teaching.

The Birth Story of Brahmadatta, the third.

324.

The Birth Story of the Leather Garment (4-3-4)

93.

Good-looking indeed is this four-footed one, both very auspicious and very well-behaved;

The glorious noble ram pays homage to the brahmin endowed with birth and conceit.

94.

Do not, brahmin, through a brief vision, become too familiar with the quadruped;

Desiring to give a strong blow, it backs away and will give a good blow.

95.

His thigh is broken, the carrying pole has rolled away, and all the brahmin's goods are broken;

Raising both arms he wails, run after him, the celibate one is being struck.

96.

Thus he lies faultless, who praises one unworthy of honour;

Just as I am struck today, struck by the foolish ram.

The Birth Story of the Leather Garment, the fourth.

325.

The Birth Story of the Monitor Lizard King (4-3-5)

97.

Thinking him to be an ascetic, I approached the restrained one;

He struck me with a stick, just as one who is not an ascetic.

98.

What use are your matted locks, you fool, what use is your antelope hide;

Your interior is a thicket, you polish only the exterior.

99.

Come, monitor lizard, return, enjoy fine rice and curry;

I have oil and salt, and plenty of pepper.

100.

I will enter further into the anthill a hundred men deep;

You praise oil and salt, pepper is harmful to me.

The Birth Story of the Monitor Lizard King, the fifth.

326.

The Birth Story of the Kakkāru (4-3-6)

101.

One who does not steal by body, does not speak falsely by speech;

Does not become intoxicated when gaining fame, indeed that one deserves the kakkāru.

102.

One should seek wealth righteously, not take riches through deception;

Does not become intoxicated when gaining wealth, indeed that one deserves the kakkāru.

103.

Whose mind is not miserly, and whose faith does not fade away;

Does not eat delicious food alone, indeed that one deserves the kakkāru.

104.

Whether face to face or behind their back, who does not abuse the peaceful ones;

As one speaks so one acts, indeed that one deserves the kakkāru.

The Birth Story of the Kakkāru, the sixth.

327.

The Birth Story of Kākavatī (4-3-7)

105.

This odour wafts from where my beloved dwells;

For Kākavatī is far from here, where my mind delights.

106.

"How did you cross the ocean, how did you cross the kepuka?

How did you cross the seven oceans, how did you climb the silk-cotton tree?

107.

"Through you I crossed the ocean, through you I crossed the kepuka;

Through you I crossed the seven oceans, through you I climbed the silk-cotton tree.

108.

"Curse upon this great body, curse upon this mindless thing;

Where I, a wife, bring and carry a lover."

The Birth Story of Kākavatī, the seventh.

328.

The Birth Story of What Should Not Be Grieved Over (4-3-8)

109.

"Lady, there are many, what will they be to me?

Therefore I do not grieve for her, the dear one with the lovely smile.

110.

If one were to grieve for this and that which one does not have,

One would grieve for oneself, always falling under death's control.

111.

Not indeed standing, nor sitting, nor lying down, nor walking;

As long as one breathes and blinks, even then the air flows.

112.

When there is separation from self and vows undertaken,

What remains of beings should be treated with compassion, gone is what should not be grieved over.

The Birth Story of What Should Not Be Grieved Over, the eighth.

329.

The Birth Story of Kālabāhu (4-3-9)

113.

What food and drink we obtained before, that now goes to the forest animals;

Let us now go to the forest, Rādha, for we are disrespected by Dhanañjaya.

114.

Gain and loss, fame and obscurity, blame and praise, and happiness and suffering;

These states are impermanent among humans, do not sorrow, why do you sorrow, Poṭṭhapāda.

115.

Surely you are wise, Rādha, you know things that are yet to come;

How now shall we see the deer of the branches, the wretch driven out from the royal family.

116.

He moves his ears and frowns, repeatedly frightening the children;

Kālabāhu himself will do that by which he will stay far from food and drink.

The Birth Story of Kālabāhu, the ninth.

330.

The Birth Story of Testing Virtue (4-3-10)

117.

Virtue indeed is good, virtue is unsurpassed in the world;

See, the dragon with terrible poison is not killed because it is virtuous.

118.

As long as he had anything at all, for that long they ate;

Having gathered in the world, kites do not harm one who owns nothing.

119.

One without expectation sleeps happily, expectation that bears fruit is pleasant;

Having turned hope into hopelessness, Piṅgalā sleeps happily.

120.

There is nothing higher than concentration, in this world and the next;

The concentrated one harms neither others nor oneself.

The Birth Story of Testing Virtue is the tenth.

The Chapter on the Hut Destroyer is the third.

Here is its summary -

Human and snake and beggar, then the excellent ram and excellent iguana;

Then the excellent body-piece and lady, then with excellent Rādha and virtue makes ten.

4.

The Chapter on the Cuckoo

331.

The Birth Story of the Cuckoo (4-4-1)

121.

One who, before the time has come, speaks too much;

Thus he lies faultless, like a cuckoo's offspring.

122.

Not even a well-sharpened weapon, nor poison like deadly venom;

Brings one down when nearby, as does badly spoken speech.

123.

Therefore in time or out of time, the wise person should guard speech;

One should not speak beyond proper time, even to one equal to oneself.

124.

One who speaks measured words in time, preceded by wisdom, discerning;

Consumes all enemies, like a supanna bird does snakes.

The Birth Story of the Cuckoo First.

332.

The Birth Story of the Chariot Goad (4-4-2)

125.

Having killed, he says he was killed, having conquered, he says he was conquered;

O king, do not believe those who speak only of the past.

126.

Therefore one who is wise by nature should listen to the other side too;

Having heard the words of both, one should act according to the Teaching.

127.

A lazy householder enjoying sensual pleasures is not good, an unrestrained monk is not good;

A king who acts without reflection is not good, a wise person who is prone to anger - that is not good.

128.

The noble one should act with reflection, the lord of the regions not without reflection;

O king, for one who acts with reflection, fame and renown increase.

The Birth Story of the Chariot Goad, the second.

333.

The Birth Story About the Cooked Monitor Lizard (4-4-3)

129.

I knew you then in the middle of the forest, O excellent charioteer;

When you, with sword imprisoned, armoured, wearing bark,

From the branch of the Assattha tree, the cooked monitor lizard ran away.

130.

One should bow to one who bows, associate with one who associates, do the duty of one who does his duty;

One should do good to one who desires good, but should not associate with one who does not associate.

131.

One should give up one who gives up, should not create a thicket, should not associate with one whose mind has turned away;

As a bird, knowing a tree is fruitless, would look for another - for the world is great.

132.

"I shall act according to your power, noble one, considering gratitude;

And I give you all sovereignty, whatever you wish for, that I give you."

The Birth Story About the Cooked Monitor Lizard is Third.

334.

The Birth Story About Advice to the King (4-4-4)

133.

When cattle are crossing, if the bull goes crookedly,

They all go crookedly, when their leader goes crookedly.

134.

Even so among human beings, whoever is considered the highest;

If he conducts himself unrighteously, all the more so will other people;

The whole kingdom dwells in suffering, if the king is unrighteous.

135.

When cattle are crossing, if the bull goes straight,

All the cows go straight, when their leader goes straight.

136.

Even so among human beings, whoever is considered the highest;

If he conducts himself righteously, all the more so will other people;

The whole kingdom dwells in happiness, if the king is righteous.

The Birth Story About Advice to the King, the fourth.

335.

The Birth Story About the Jackal (4-4-5)

137.

That jackal was huge in body and had long fangs;

You were not born in a family where they catch elephants.

138.

Not being a lion but with a lion's conceit, who transforms oneself;

Like a jackal attacking an elephant, lies on the ground groaning.

139.

Of the glorious supreme individual, of one who has developed the aggregates and has great strength;

Without considering the arising of strength and power, this jackal lies slain by the elephant.

140.

But whoever here acts with proper measure, having known one's own strength and power;

By muttering, by mantras, by well-spoken words, that wise one wins abundantly.

The Birth Story About the Jackal, the fifth.

336.

The Great Umbrella Birth Story (4-4-6)

141.

"Grass, grass," you mutter, who brought you grass?

What need have you of grass, you speak only of grass.

142.

Here came one living the holy life, with a great umbrella and learned;

Having taken all from me, he goes leaving grass behind.

143.

Thus this should be done, by one who desires much for little;

Taking all that belongs to oneself, and not taking the grass.

144.

The virtuous do not do such things, the fool makes virtues;

Impermanent virtue is misconduct, what will wisdom accomplish?

The Great Umbrella Birth Story is sixth.

337.

The Chair Birth Story (4-4-7)

145.

We did not give you a chair, nor drink nor food;

Holy life practitioner, forgive me, I see this transgression.

146.

I neither get annoyed nor angry, and nothing was unpleasant to me;

Yet I had this thought: such must be the way of the family.

147.

This is the way of our family, always from father and grandfather;

A seat, water, foot-washing water, all this we offer.

148.

This is the way of our family, always from father and grandfather;

We attend respectfully, as if to the highest relative.

The Chair Birth Story Seventh.

338.

The Chaff Birth Story (4-4-8)

149.

Known is chaff to rats, and known indeed is rice;

Having avoided chaff after chaff, they eat the rice.

150.

Whatever consultation in the forest, and whatever whispering in the village;

And whatever this and that, all this is known to me.

151.

They say that by nature, the monkey father of a young son,

When he was still small, bit off his fruit with his teeth.

152.

The way you creep about, like a blind goat among mustard plants;

And this one who lies below, this too is known to me.

The Chaff Birth Story Eighth.

339.

The Bāveru Birth Story (4-4-9)

153.

Through not seeing the peacock, the crested one with sweet voice;

They honoured the crow there with meat and fruit.

154.

But when the peacock endowed with voice came to Bāveru;

Then the gain and honour of the crow diminished.

155.

As long as the Enlightened One had not arisen, the righteous king, the light-maker;

Until then they honoured others, the many ascetics and brahmins.

156.

When the Enlightened One endowed with voice taught the Teaching;

Then the gain and honour of the sectarians diminished.

The Bāveru Birth Story Ninth.

340.

The Visayha Birth Story (4-4-10)

157.

You gave gifts before, Visayha, and for you who gave there was the Teaching of destruction;

If you were to give no more gifts hereafter, your wealth would remain for you who practice self-control.

158.

The ignoble with the noble, O thousand-eyed one, even one with a bad destination they say should not do this;

Let not that wealth be yours, O king of deities, for which we would abandon faith for the sake of pleasures.

159.

Where one chariot goes, another chariot goes by the same way;

The ancient established practice, it just keeps rolling on, O Vāsava.

160.

If there will be, we shall give; when there is nothing, what can we give?

Even in such a state we shall give; let us not be negligent in giving.

The Visayha Birth Story, the tenth.

The Chapter on the Cuckoo, the fourth.

Here is its summary -

Speaking too much and the excellent victor, forest-midst and chief of chariots, the crooked-going;

Then the rose-apple and the excellent seat of grass, then rice, peacock, and Visayha makes ten.

5.

The Chapter on the Lesser Kuṇāla

341.

The Kaṇḍarī Birth Story (4-5-1)

161.

Among women who delight men and create pleasure, with their many minds and unrestrained;

Even if they were not to bring rapture everywhere, one should not trust women for they are like fords.

162.

Having seen which, all women of the Kaṇḍarī kinnaras do not delight in the house;

Such a person's wife, having abandoned him, seeing another man, a cripple.

163.

The wife of King Baka the Bāvarika, who was completely given to sensual pleasures;

She transgressed against him who had supreme power, what other man would a woman not transgress against?

164.

Piṅgiyānī, dear wife of King Brahmadatta, lord of all the world;

She transgressed against him who had supreme power, that lustful one did not remain faithful to him.

The Kaṇḍarī Birth Story First.

342.

The Birth Story of the Monkey (4-5-2)

165.

"I was indeed able to lift myself from water onto land;

Now I will never again come under your power, O water-dweller.

166.

Enough of these mangoes, and of these rose-apples and jackfruits;

Which are on the far shore of the ocean, better for me is the fig tree.

167.

One who does not quickly understand a matter that has arisen,

Comes under the power of enemies, and later feels remorse.

168.

But one who quickly understands a matter that has arisen,

Is freed from the confinement of enemies, and does not feel remorse later."

The Birth Story of the Monkey is second.

343.

The Birth Story of Kuntinī (4-5-3)

169.

We lived in your house, always honoured and revered;

Now you have done this, so, O king, let me depart.

170.

One who repays deeds with deeds, wrongs with wrongs;

Thus hatred continues, stay Kuntinī, do not go.

171.

Neither for what is done nor for the doer, can friendship be restored again;

The heart does not consent, I must go, O chief of charioteers.

172.

For what is done and for the doer, friendship can be restored again;

For the wise but not for fools, stay Kuntinī, do not go.

The Third Birth Story of Kuntinī.

344.

The Birth Story of the Mango (4-5-4)

173.

One who adorns the dark hair, torments with tweezers;

Let her come under your power, she who stole your mangoes.

174.

Twenty or twenty-five, or less than thirty by birth;

May she not get such a husband, she who stole your mangoes.

175.

May she go a long course of time, alone to her rendezvous;

May she not find her lover at the meeting place, she who stole your mangoes.

176.

Well adorned and well dressed, wearing garlands, smeared with sandalwood paste;

May she lie alone on her bed, she who stole your mangoes.

The Birth Story of the Mango, the Fourth.

345.

The Birth Story of the Elephant's Head (4-5-5)

177.

When fire burns the forest, the dark-tracked blazing one;

What are you doing, nodding one, with such sluggish exertion.

178.

Many are the hollows in trees, and openings in the ground;

If we cannot reach those, it will be the end of our time.

179.

One who hurries when one should be slow, and is slow when one should hurry;

Like stepping on dry leaves, breaks one's own good.

180.

One who is slow when slowness is needed, and quick when quickness is required;

Like the moon dividing the night, their purpose is fulfilled.

The Birth Story of the Elephant's Head, Fifth.

346.

The Birth Story of Kesi (4-5-6)

181.

Having abandoned the lord of human beings, who had all sensual pleasures in abundance;

How now, Blessed Kesi, do you delight in Kappa's hermitage?

182.

There are sweet and delightful trees, pleasing to the mind;

Kappa's beautiful words, Nārada, delight me.

183.

I would eat rice curry, with pure meat sauce;

How do they eat millet and wild rice, that saltless food.

184.

Whether tasty or not tasty, whether little or much;

Where one would eat with trust, trust is the highest taste.

The Birth Story of Kesi, the sixth.

347.

The Birth Story of the Iron Hammer (4-5-7)

185.

Holding an enormous iron hammer, you stand in the sky through the air;

Are you stationed here for my protection, or do you intend my death.

186.

I am a messenger of the king of demons here, I have been sent to kill you;

But Inda, the king of deities, protects you, therefore I do not split your head.

187.

If the king of deities protects me, Inda the lord of deities, Maghavā, lord of the well-born;

Let all the demons howl if they wish, I am not frightened of the demon generation.

188.

Let the kumbhaṇḍas wail as they wish, all the dust-dwelling goblins;

The goblins are not fit for battle, that great terror means.

The Birth Story of the Iron Hammer, the seventh.

348.

The Birth Story of the Forest (4-5-8)

189.

Having come from the forest to the village, what virtuous behaviour and what observance,

What person, dear father, should I associate with? Being asked, tell me this.

190.

One who would trust you, dear father, and whose trust you would accept,

Who is obedient and patient, associate with such a one when you go from here.

191.

One who has no wrongdoing through body, speech, and mind;

Like resting on one's chest, associate with such a one when you go from here.

192.

A mind like a monkey with turmeric-coloured lust, a person with and without lust;

Dear one, do not associate with such a one, even if he were superhuman.

The Birth Story of the Forest, the eighth.

349.

The Birth Story of Breaking Alliance (4-5-9)

193.

There is no equality among women, nor in food, charioteer;

But see how well-thought-out is his breaking of alliance.

194.

Like a sharp sword in flesh, slander turns around;

Where the lowest of beasts devour both bull and lion.

195.

He lies on this bed, which you see here, charioteer;

Who heeds the speech of an alliance-breaker, a slanderer.

196.

Those people dwell in happiness, like humans gone to heaven;

Those who do not understand the speech of breaking alliance, O charioteer.

The Birth Story of Breaking Alliance, the ninth.

350.

The Birth Story of the Deity's Question (4-5-10)

197.

One strikes with hands and feet, and hits in the face;

That one indeed is dear to the king, whom do you see in that?

198.

One abuses as one wishes, and desires his coming;

That one indeed is dear to the king, whom do you see in that?

199.

One falsely accuses with what is not, would entice with untruth;

That one indeed is dear to the king, whom do you see in that?

200.

Taking food and drink, and clothing and lodgings;

Being absolute takers, they indeed are dear to the king;

Whom do you see in that?

The Birth Story of the Deity's Question, the tenth.

The Chapter on the Lesser Kuṇāla, the fifth.

Here is its summary -

The best of men who could not see, and again the best blue path;

Again the best of taste and peak, thus forest charioteer makes ten.

Then the chapter summary -

Kāliṅga and Pucimanda, the hut-defiler and cuckoo;

That Chapter on the Lesser Kuṇāla, the fifth is well explained.

The Book of Fours is concluded.

5.

The Book of Fives

1.

The Chapter on the Jewelled Earring

351.

The Birth Story of the Jewelled Earring (5-1-1)

1.

Lost are chariot and horses and jewelled earrings, lost are sons and wives in the same way;

When all possessions are lost without remainder, why do you not grieve in time of sorrow?

2.

Either possessions abandon mortals first, or mortals abandon them even earlier;

Not eternal are those who possess and desire sensual pleasures, therefore I do not sorrow in time of sorrow.

3.

The moon rises, becomes full, and wanes, the sun goes to its setting after warming;

I have understood the worldly conditions affecting beings, therefore I do not sorrow in time of sorrow.

4.

A lazy householder enjoying sensual pleasures is not good, an unrestrained monk is not good;

A king who acts without reflection is not good, a wise person who is prone to anger - that is not good.

5.

The noble one should act with reflection, the lord of the regions not without reflection;

O king, for one who acts with reflection, fame and renown increase.

The Birth Story of the Jewelled Earring First.

352.

The Birth Story of Sujāta (5-1-2)

6.

Why, hurriedly, having cut green grass,

Do you mutter 'eat, eat' to a lifeless, aged ox?

7.

Indeed, with food and drink, a dead ox cannot rise up;

And you lament in vain, as one foolish would do.

8.

The head remains just the same, and the limbs and tail;

The ears remain just as they were, I conceive the ox will rise up.

9.

Neither the head nor the hands and feet of the leader are seen;

Weeping at the earthen shrine, are you not indeed foolish.

10.

Being ablaze indeed, like a fire doused with ghee;

Like with water, one would extinguish all anguish.

11.

Indeed you pulled out the dart that was lodged in my heart;

You who, when I was overcome with sorrow, dispelled my sorrow for my father.

12.

I have had the dart pulled out, free from sorrow, untroubled;

I do not sorrow, I do not weep, having heard you, young man.

13.

Thus do the wise who are compassionate act;

They turn away from sorrow, as Sujāta did his father.

The Second Birth Story of Sujāta.

353.

The Birth Story of Venasākha (5-1-3)

14.

This should not be permanent, Brahmadatta, the security, abundance and bodily pleasure;

When misfortune comes, do not be confused, like one with a broken boat in the middle of the ocean.

15.

Whatever a person does, they see those things in themselves;

The doer of good reaps good, and the doer of evil reaps evil;

Whatever kind of seed one sows, that kind of fruit one reaps.

16.

This is that word of the teacher, what Pārāsariya said;

Do not do evil, which you will later regret having done.

17.

This indeed is that Venasākha, Piṅgiya, where I killed a thousand nobles;

Adorned and anointed with sandalwood essence, that same suffering has returned to me.

18.

And Sāmā with her body anointed with sandalwood, like a straight shoot of the sobhañjana tree;

Without seeing Ubbarī, I will die, that will be more painful for me than this.

The Birth Story of Venasākha, the third.

354.

The Birth Story of the Snake (5-1-4)

19.

Just as a snake, having left behind its worn out skin, goes away from its own body;

Even so when the body is useless, when the ghost has died.

20.

Being burned he does not know, the lamentation of relatives;

Therefore I do not grieve for him, he has gone to his destination.

21.

Uninvited he came from there, without permission he went from here;

As he came, so he went, what lamentation is there in that?

22.

Being burned he does not know, the lamentation of relatives;

Therefore I do not grieve for him, he has gone to his destination.

23.

If I were to weep I would become thin, what benefit would there be in that for me;

For relatives, friends and companions, there would be even more discontent.

24.

Being burned he does not know, the lamentation of relatives;

Therefore I do not grieve for him, he has gone to his destination.

25.

Just as a child weeps for the moon, as it goes;

Even so is this, one who grieves for a ghost.

26.

Being burned he does not know, the lamentation of relatives;

Therefore I do not grieve for him, he has gone to his destination.

27.

Just as a water pot, broken cannot be put together;

Even so is this, one who grieves for a ghost.

28.

Being burned he does not know, the lamentation of relatives;

Therefore I do not grieve for him, he has gone to his destination.

The Fourth Birth Story of the Snake.

355.

The Birth Story of the Pot (5-1-5)

29.

Some sorrow and weep, other people have tearful faces;

You have a serene and beautiful face, why do you not grieve, O Pot.

30.

Sorrow does not bring back the past, nor does it bring future happiness;

Therefore, O Crow, I do not grieve, there is no companionship in sorrow.

31.

Grieving, he becomes pale and thin, and food is not to his liking;

Enemies are delighted, when one is pierced by the arrow, afflicted.

32.

Whether in a village or in a forest, in a valley or on high ground;

Established, death will not come to me, thus I am one who has seen the state.

33.

For one whose self is not content alone, though consuming all sensual pleasures and tastes;

Even the whole earth for him will not bring happiness.

The Birth Story of the Pot, the fifth.

356.

The Birth Story of Koraṇḍiya (5-1-6)

34.

Alone in the forest in a mountain cave, again and again you hurl stones;

Again and again in hurried form, Koraṇḍiya what is your purpose here.

35.

I will make this ocean-bordered land level like the palm of a hand;

Having scattered the heights and mountains, therefore I throw stones into the chasm.

36.

No single human being is worthy to make this great earth level like a palm;

I think that seeking just this chasm, Koraṇḍiya, you will lose your life in the world.

37.

If I, a single human being, am not able to make the earth-bearing one level;

Just so you, brahmin, will not lead these human beings of various views.

38.

In brief form, venerable sir, you have explained this matter to me, Koraṇḍiya, so it is;

Just as the earth cannot be made level by a human being, so too with human beings.

The Sixth Birth Story of Koraṇḍiya.

357.

The Birth Story of the Quail (5-1-7)

39.

I venerate you, sixty-year-old elephant, forest-dweller, glorious herd leader;

With my wings I make reverential salutation to you, do not kill my little ones, I who am weak.

40.

I venerate you, solitary elephant, forest-dweller whose range is the mountain slopes;

With my wings I make reverential salutation to you, do not kill my little ones, I who am weak;

41.

I will vomit on your little ones, quail, what will you do to me? You are weak;

Even a hundred thousand like you, I could crush with my left foot.

42.

Not everywhere is there need of strength, for strength of a fool leads to harm;

I will bring you harm, king of dragons, you who killed my little ones, I who am weak.

43.

Look at the crow and the quail, the frog and the blue fly;

These harmed the dragon, see the enmity of one with animosity;

Therefore one should not create animosity, even with anyone unloved.

The Birth Story of the Quail, the seventh.

358.

The Birth Story of Little Dhammapāla (5-1-8)

44.

I alone am the corrupt destroyer of the greatly majestic king;

Let this Dhammapāla go, O king, cut off my hands.

45.

I alone am the corrupt destroyer of the greatly majestic king;

Let this Dhammapāla go, O king, cut off my feet.

46.

I alone am the corrupt destroyer of the greatly majestic king;

Let this Dhammapāla go, O king, cut off my head.

47.

Surely this king has no friends, ministers and well-wishers;

Who do not tell the king, do not kill your own son.

48.

Surely this king has no relatives, friends and well-wishers;

Who do not tell the king, do not kill your own son.

49.

The arms of Dhammapāla, anointed with sandalwood essence, are cut off;

Being heir to the earth, deity, living beings are obstructed by me.

The Birth Story of Little Dhammapāla, the eighth.

359.

The Birth Story of the Golden Deer (5-1-9)

50.

Step forward, golden foot, step forward, great deer;

Break the leather trap, I do not delight alone in the forest.

51.

I step forward but cannot get across, I strike the ground with speed;

The strong leather trap cuts into my foot.

52.

Spread out the leaves, hunter, draw your sword;

Having killed me first, then kill the great deer.

53.

I have neither heard nor seen a deer speaking like a human;

May you be happy, dear one, and also this great deer.

54.

So hunter, rejoice together with all your relatives;

Just as I rejoice today, seeing the great deer freed."

The Birth Story of the Golden Deer, the ninth.

360.

The Birth Story of Suyonandi (5-1-10)

55.

The odour of darkness wafts, and the ocean of kusa grass resounds;

Far from here is Suyonandi, desires for copper pierce me.

56.

How did you cross the ocean, how did you see Seduma;

How did you and she have a heavenly meeting?

57.

Of merchants seeking wealth, who had set out from Kurukaccha,

The ship was broken by sea monsters, I floated on a plank.

58.

She, with gentle softness, always fragrant with sandalwood,

The blessed one lifted me with her body, like a mother her own child.

59.

"She with food and drink, clothing and beds;

And herself with poor sight, thus you should know, Tamba."

The Birth Story of Suyonandi, the tenth.

The Chapter on the Jewelled Earring, the first.

Here is its summary -

Then the Victor supreme and green grass, then broken boat and snake and pot;

Cave again and elephant and the destroyed ones, with the supreme deer and heaven make ten.

2.

The Chapter on Beauty and Form

361.

The Birth Story of Vaṇṇāroha (5-2-1)

60.

"By beauty and form, by birth, by strength and endeavour;

Subāhu is not better than me, Sudāṭha, thus you say.

61.

"By beauty and form, by birth, by strength and endeavour;

Sudāṭha is not better than me, Subāhu, thus you say.

62.

"While I am dwelling thus, dear Subāhu, you betray me;

Now I do not delight in living together with you.

63.

One who would believe others' words as they really are,

Would quickly break with a friend and generate much animosity.

64.

That is no friend who is always diligent, suspicious of division, only looking for faults;

But he on whom one rests as a son on the breast, that is truly a friend who cannot be divided by others.

The Birth Story of Vaṇṇāroha First.

362.

The Birth Story of Testing Virtue (5-2-2)

65.

Is virtue better or is learning better, thus was my uncertainty;

Virtue indeed is better than learning, of this I have no uncertainty.

66.

Useless are birth and beauty, virtue alone is supreme;

For one not endowed with virtue, learning serves no purpose.

67.

A noble who stands in what is contrary to the Teaching, and a merchant dependent on what is contrary to the Teaching;

Both having abandoned this world, are reborn in a bad destination.

68.

Nobles, brahmins, merchants, workers, outcasts and scavengers;

Having practiced the Teaching here, they become equal in the heavenly world.

69.

Neither the scriptures, nor birth, nor relatives lead to the beyond;

And one's own virtue being pure, brings happiness in the life to come.

The Birth Story of Testing Virtue, the second.

363.

The Birth Story of Moral Shame (5-2-3)

70.

One who crosses over moral shame, being disgusted, saying "I am yours";

One who does not undertake better actions, one should know of him: "This is not mine."

71.

One should say what one would do, one should not say what one would not do;

The wise understand those who speak without doing.

72.

That is no friend who is always diligent, suspicious of division, only looking for faults;

But he on whom one rests as a son on the breast, that is truly a friend who cannot be divided by others.

73.

A state that brings joy, happiness that brings praise;

One develops the benefit of fruition, carrying the burden of human duty.

74.

Having drunk the taste of solitude, and the taste of peace,

One is free from anguish and evil, drinking the taste of rapture in the Teaching.

The Birth Story of Moral Shame, Third.

364.

The Birth Story of the Firefly (5-2-4)

75.

Who, when there is a light, going on a quest for fire,

Saw a firefly in the night, and conceived it to be the sacred fire.

76.

For it he churned cow dung powder, and grass,

With wrong perception, he was unable to make it blaze.

77.

In this way too without engagement, the deer does not obtain its goal;

From the horn the milking of cows, where milk is not found.

78.

Through various engagements, young men reach their goal;

Through restraining enemies, and through supporting friends.

79.

Through obtaining command of armies, and through guidance of favourites;

The guardians of the world dwell ruling the earth.

The Birth Story of the Firefly, Fourth.

365.

The Birth Story of the Snake Charmer (5-2-5)

80.

Friend Sumukha, I am a mixer, defeated in gambling at dice;

Bring ripe mangoes, let us eat your energy.

81.

Friend, you praise me falsely with what is untrue;

Who has heard or seen a monkey called Sumukha.

82.

Even today I remember in my mind, how you snake charmer;

Having entered the grain shop, intoxicated you killed me when I was hungry.

83.

Remembering that painful rest, even if ruling a kingdom;

I would not give even when asked, for thus was I threatened by fear.

84.

One who knows one born in a family, content in the womb and not miserly;

With such a companion and friend, a wise one should properly make alliance.

The Birth Story of the Snake Charmer, the fifth.

366.

The Birth Story of the Poisoner (5-2-6)

85.

Like honey in beauty, like honey in taste, like honey in odour was the poison;

The poisoner searching for food, placed poison in the forest.

86.

Conceiving it as honey, those who ate that poison;

For them it was bitter, because of that they met death.

87.

But those who, having reflected, avoided that poison;

They are happy among the afflicted, quenched among those burning.

88.

Even so among human beings, sensual pleasures are placed as poison;

This is a material thing and bondage, death's disguise, lying in wait in a cave.

89.

Even so these sensual pleasures, are attendants to the afflicted;

Those who always avoid them, have transcended attachment in the world.

The Birth Story of the Poisoner, the sixth.

367.

The Birth Story of the Sāliya Bird (5-2-7)

90.

That one who thinking "This is a sāliya chick" seized a black snake;

By that snake he was bitten, the evil instructor was killed.

91.

The person who wishes to kill one who does not kill, a great one;

Thus he lies faultless, just as this person lies killed.

92.

The person who wishes to kill one who does not kill, one who kills not;

Thus he lies faultless, just as this person lies killed.

93.

Just as when a person throws a handful of dust against the wind;

That very dust strikes him, just so this person lies killed.

94.

One who wrongs a person who has done no wrong, a pure person without blemish,

That evil returns to the fool himself, like fine dust thrown against the wind.

The Birth Story of the Sāliya Bird, the seventh.

368.

The Birth Story of the Bark Core (5-2-8)

95.

Fallen into the hands of enemies, given over to bark core;

With faces and beauty serene, why do you not grieve.

96.

By sorrowing and lamenting, not even a little benefit can be gained;

Having known one who is sorrowful and suffering, enemies become delighted.

97.

But when a wise person in misfortunes, knowing how to determine the good, does not tremble;

His opponents become distressed, seeing his face unchanged as before.

98.

By muttering, by mantras, by well-spoken words, by giving gifts, or by tradition;

However and wherever one might gain the goal, in that way there one should exert oneself.

99.

But when one knows 'This goal cannot be gained, by me or by another';

One should endure without sorrowing, thinking 'What firm action shall I now take?'

The Birth Story of the Bark Core, the Eighth.

369.

The Birth Story of Mittavindaka (5-2-9)

100.

What did I do to the deities, what evil was done by me;

That striking my head, a wheel revolves on my crown.

101.

Having gone beyond Ramaṇaka, Sadāmatta, and Dūbhaka;

And the palace of Brahmattara, for what purpose did you come here.

102.

From here there will be more pleasures, so I thought there would be;

Thus with this perception, see me gone to disaster.

103.

From four he got to eight, and from eight to sixteen;

From sixteen to thirty-two, through excessive desire he encountered the wheel;

For a person struck by desire, the wheel revolves on his head.

104.

Desires above are hard to fill, desire leads to dispersion;

Those who are greedy for it become bearers of the wheel.

The Birth Story of Mittavindaka, the ninth.

370.

The Birth Story of the Palāsa Tree (5-2-10)

105.

The swan spoke to the palāsa tree: "Friend, a banyan tree is growing;

Seated in your lap, it will cut through your vital parts."

106.

"Let the banyan tree grow, I will be its support;

Just like a father and mother, so will it be to me."

107.

"The milk tree that you nurture in your lap is fearsome;

Let us go and address him, he does not approve of growth.

108.

Now it frightens me, the sight of the great Meru;

Not knowing about the swan, great fear has come to me.

109.

His growth is not praised by the wise, who while growing devours his support;

Being apprehensive of his obstruction, the wise one made cross over for the destruction of the root.

The Birth Story of the Palāsa Tree, the tenth.

The Chapter on Beauty and Form, the second.

3.

The Chapter on the Path

371.

The Birth Story of Dīghīti of Kosala (5-3-1)

110.

O king, when you have come thus into my power;

Is there any method by which one could free you from suffering.

111.

Dear father, having become such, having come under your power;

There is no method by which one could free me from suffering.

112.

Neither good conduct, O king, nor well-spoken words, O king;

Protects at the time of death, just as other wealth.

113.

"He abused me, he struck me, he defeated me, he robbed me";

For those who harbour such thoughts, their hatred does not subside.

114.

"He abused me, he struck me, he defeated me, he robbed me";

For those who do not harbour such thoughts, their hatred subsides.

115.

For never in this world are animosities settled by animosity;

Through non-animosity they are pacified - this is an ancient principle.

The First Birth Story of Dīghīti of Kosala.

372.

The Birth Story of the Young Deer (5-3-2)

116.

For you who have gone forth from home to homelessness, mindful;

It is not proper for an ascetic to grieve for the departed.

117.

Indeed Sakka, through living together, whether with a human or a deer;

Affection arises in the heart, it is not possible not to grieve.

118.

Those who weep and lament, weep for the dead and the dying;

Therefore sage do not weep, the peaceful ones say weeping is futile.

119.

Indeed brahmin, by weeping the dead ghost would not rise up;

All of us together weep for each other's relatives.

120.

Being ablaze indeed, like a fire doused with ghee;

Like with water, one would extinguish all anguish.

121.

Indeed you pulled out the dart that was lodged in my heart;

You who, when I was overcome with sorrow, dispelled my sorrow for my son.

122.

I have had the dart pulled out, free from sorrow, untroubled;

I do not sorrow, I do not weep, having heard you, Vāsava.

The Second Birth Story of the Young Deer.

373.

The Birth Story of the Mouse (5-3-3)

123.

"Where has she gone, where has she gone?" thus the people lament;

I alone know that the mouse was killed in the well.

124.

And whatever this and that, like a donkey you turn back;

Having killed a mouse in a well, you wish to eat barley.

125.

You are both young and foolish, a youth in your prime;

Having encountered this long matter, I will not grant you life.

126.

Neither by dwelling in the sky, nor by the fatness of limbs,

For desired by a son, freed by praises.

127.

One should master all learning, low, excellent and middling;

One should know the meaning of all, but not apply everything;

There comes such a time, when learning brings benefit.

The Birth Story of the Mouse, Third.

374.

The Birth Story of the Young Archer (5-3-4)

128.

Taking all the goods, you have crossed to the far shore, brahmin;

Come back quickly soon, help me cross over through giving.

129.

The lady exchanged me, an unfamiliar one, for a long-familiar one, the unstable for the stable;

The lady might exchange me for another, I shall go far away from here.

130.

In the eḷagala bush, he makes himself laughable;

Here there is neither dance and song, nor well-concentrated drumming;

At an improper time, beautiful lady with lovely thighs, why do you laugh?

131.

Jackal, fool of poor wisdom, you are of little wisdom, fox;

Having lost both fish and meat, you meditate like a wretch.

132.

Easily seen are others' faults, but one's own are hard to see;

Having conquered wife and aging, I think you alone meditate.

133.

So it is, king of beasts, as you say, jackal;

Having gone from here, I shall surely be obedient to my husband's will.

134.

One who would steal an earthen bowl would also steal a bronze bowl;

Evil has been done by you, and you will do so again.

The Fourth Birth Story of the Young Archer.

375.

The Birth Story of the Pigeon (5-3-5)

135.

Now indeed I am happy and healthy, a pigeon free from thorns and fallen away;

Now I shall make my heart content, for this meat and vegetable strengthens me.

136.

The body of a crested crane, a thief, a jumping grandmother;

Come here, crane, the fierce crow is my friend.

137.

Indeed it is fitting for you to laugh, seeing me like this;

Plucked by the cook's son, smeared with rice powder.

138.

You are well-bathed and well-anointed, satisfied with food and drink;

And you have a beryl around your neck, did you go to Kajangala?

139.

Let neither your friend nor enemy go to Kajangala;

There they cut off feathers, and bind a twisted rope around the neck.

140.

You fall into evil again, friend, for such is your habit;

Indeed, human pleasures are not well enjoyed by birds.

The Birth Story of the Pigeon, the fifth.

The Third Chapter on the Path.

Here is its summary -

Then beauty and virtue, shame and gain, pleasant face, poison, sāliya and best friend;

Then wheel, insolence, king and mindful, barley, fool and pigeon, these fifteen.

Then the chapter summary -

Victory and beauty and unequal chapter above, well taught births are twenty;

The great sage spoke meaningful verses with good phrasing about the supreme holy life.

The Chapter of Five Verses is concluded.

6.

The Chapter of Six Verses

1.

The Chapter about Avāriya

376.

The Birth Story of Avāriya (6-1-1)

1.

Do not be angry, O lord of the earth, do not be angry, O chief of charioteers;

Not getting angry in return at an angry person, the king is honoured by the kingdom.

2.

Whether in a village or in a forest, in a valley or on high ground;

Everywhere I instruct, do not be angry, O chief of charioteers.

3.

There was a ferryman on the Ganges named Avāriyapitā;

Having ferried people across before, afterwards he asks for payment;

Because of this he has quarrels, and does not increase in wealth.

4.

Ask before they have crossed, dear ferryman, while they are on the near shore;

For one is the mind of one who has crossed, another of one seeking to cross.

5.

Whether in a village or in a forest, in a valley or on high ground;

Everywhere I instruct, do not be angry, O ferryman.

6.

With the very same instruction, for which the king gave a village grant;

With that very instruction, the sailor struck his face.

7.

The food was broken, the wife killed, and the foetus fell to the ground;

Like a deer with gold, he did not achieve any benefit from it.

The Birth Story of Avāriya First.

377.

The Birth Story of Setaketu (6-1-2)

8.

Do not be angry, dear one, for anger is not good, much was unseen and unheard by you;

Mother and father are a direction, Setaketu, teachers are said to be a praiseworthy direction.

9.

Householders who give food, drink and clothing, hosts too they say are a direction;

This is the supreme direction, Setaketu, reaching which the suffering become happy.

10.

Wearing rough animal hides, with matted hair and dirt-covered teeth, these unsightly ones recite sacred texts;

I wonder if through these human practices, they who know this are freed from the planes of misery.

11.

Having done evil actions, O king, even if one is learned but does not practice the Teaching,

Even with a thousand sacred texts, one is not freed from suffering without attaining good conduct.

12.

Even with a thousand sacred texts, one is not freed from suffering without attaining good conduct;

I think the sacred texts are fruitless, only virtuous conduct with self-control is truth.

13.

The sacred texts are indeed not fruitless, virtuous conduct with self-control is indeed truth;

For one gains fame by mastering the sacred texts, and attains peace through conduct when tamed.

The Second Birth Story of Setaketu.

378.

The Birth Story of Darīmukha (6-1-3)

14.

Sensual pleasures are mire and sensual pleasures are a swamp, and this fear is said to have three roots;

Dust and smoke have been revealed by me, having abandoned them, go forth, Brahmadatta.

15.

Greedy and impassioned and infatuated, I am terrifying in sensual pleasures, brahmin;

For the sake of livelihood I am unable to abandon that, I shall do abundant meritorious deeds.

16.

One who, when being advised by a well-wisher showing compassionate concern for welfare, does not follow the Teaching,

Thinking "this indeed is better," again and again the fool enters a womb.

17.

He goes to the terrible hell, beautiful and foul, filled with urine and excrement;

Beings who are greedy do not abandon their own body, those who have not rid themselves of lust for sensual pleasures.

18.

Smeared with excrement, stained with blood, smeared with phlegm they emerge;

Whatever they touch with their body at that time, all is unpleasant, nothing but suffering.

19.

Having seen I speak, not from hearing from others, I remember many past lives;

With varied verses well-spoken, Darīmukha convinced Sumedha.

The Birth Story of Darīmukha, the third.

379.

The Birth Story of Neru (6-1-4)

20.

Crows and flocks of crows, and we the best of flying creatures;

All of us become equal, having come to this mountain.

21.

Here lions and tigers, and jackals, the lowest of beasts;

All become equal, what is the name of this mountain?

22.

Human beings know this as Mount Neru, the highest of mountains;

Here all living beings dwell, endowed with beauty.

23.

Where there might be disrespect, or disregard for the peaceful ones,

Or respect for the inferior, one should not dwell there.

24.

Where the lazy and the skilled, the brave and the coward are honoured;

The peaceful ones do not dwell there, among people who make no distinction.

25.

This Neru does not discriminate between the low, the high and the middling;

Neru makes no distinction, come, let us abandon Neru.

The Birth Story of Neru, the Fourth.

380.

The Birth Story of Āsaṅka (6-1-5)

26.

There is a creeper named Āsāvatī, growing in the grove of Cittalatā;

In a thousand years, it bears one fruit.

27.

The deities attend to it, though the fruit is so far off;

Keep hoping, your majesty, hope that bears fruit is pleasant.

28.

That bird keeps hoping, that divine one keeps hoping;

And his hope succeeds, though gone so far;

Keep hoping, your majesty, hope that bears fruit is pleasant.

29.

You satisfied me with speech, but did not satisfy me with action;

Like garlands of ironwood flowers, beautiful but without odour.

30.

One who speaks sweet words to friends without bearing fruit;

Not giving, not releasing wealth, through this their bond deteriorates.

31.

One should say what one would do, one should not say what one would not do;

The wise understand those who speak without doing.

32.

Indeed my strength is depleted, and provisions are not found;

I fear for the harm of living beings, well now I must go.

33.

This indeed is my name, by which name I am, O chief of charioteers;

Wait, great king, I will address my father.

The Birth Story of Āsaṅka, the fifth.

381.

The Birth Story of Migālopa (6-1-6)

34.

I did not approve, Migālopa, of such a destination of yours;

Dear one, you fly too high, dear one, you frequent unsuitable ground.

35.

When the earth would be like a four-cornered field for you;

Then, dear one, turn back, do not go beyond this point.

36.

There are other birds too, winged ones who travel by flight;

Thrown by the force of wind, they perished, seemingly eternal.

37.

Not following the Teaching of the aged father who was without delight,

Going beyond the time-wind, he came under the power of the Verambha winds.

38.

His sons and wives, and others who live in dependence;

All met with disaster, the birds who did not heed the exhortation.

39.

Thus here too, one who does not understand the word of the elders;

Proud, transgressing the bounds, like a vulture who has rejected the Teaching;

All meet with disaster, not having followed the Buddha's Dispensation.

The Birth Story of Migālopa, the sixth.

382.

The Birth Story of Good Fortune and Misfortune (6-1-7)

40.

Who now with dark beauty, and not of pleasant appearance;

Who are you or whose daughter are you, how should we know you.

41.

I am the daughter of the great king, of the fierce Virūpakkha;

I am Kāḷī the unlucky one, they knew me as the ill-omened one;

Having been asked for a place, give it, let me live in your presence.

42.

What virtuous behaviour, what conduct did you settle for in a person;

Being asked, Kāḷī, tell me, how should we know you.

43.

Contemptuous, insolent, rivalrous, envious, miserly and deceitful;

That person is dear to me, whose gains are destroyed.

44.

One who is prone to anger and resentful, malicious and divisive;

With thorny and harsh speech, that one is even dearer to me than that.

45.

"Tomorrow, surely" says a person, not understanding one's own good;

When being admonished he becomes angry, he despises one better than himself.

46.

A person deluded by deceit, is ruined by all friends;

That person is dear to me, I am healthy with him.

47.

Go away from here, you dark one, this is not found among us;

Go to another district, to towns and royal cities.

48.

I too know that, this is not found among you;

There are unfortunate ones in the world, they amass much wealth;

I am a deity and my brother too, we both discriminate against him.

49.

Who now with divine beauty, is well established on earth;

Who are you or whose daughter are you, how should we know you.

50.

I am the daughter of the great king, of the glorious Dhataraṭṭha;

I am Sirī and Lakkhī, they know me as one of vast wisdom;

Having been asked for a place, give it, let me live in your presence.

51.

What virtuous behaviour, what conduct did you settle for in a person;

Being asked, Lakkhī, tell me, how should we know you.

52.

One who in cold and also in heat, in wind and sun and among gadflies and snakes;

Having overcome all hunger and thirst, who is constantly engaged day and night;

When the time has come one does not neglect the good, that one is agreeable to me and I would settle with them.

53.

Free from anger, having friends, generous, endowed with virtue, not crafty, upright;

Inclusive, friendly, gentle in speech, having attained greatness yet of humble conduct;

For such a person I become abundant, like waves in the ocean in beauty.

54.

And one who, towards friends or enemies, superior, equal, or inferior,

Acting for good or harm, openly or secretly, would only be inclusive.

One would never speak harsh speech, and I am theirs, whether dead or alive.

55.

When a person of little wisdom obtains any of these, intoxicated by pleasing glory;

That arrogant one acting unrighteously, I avoid like a place of excrement.

56.

By oneself one makes good fortune, by oneself one makes misfortune;

For neither good fortune nor misfortune does another make for another.

The Birth Story of Good Fortune and Misfortune, the seventh.

383.

The Birth Story of the Cock (6-1-8)

57.

You with beautiful feathered wings, with copper-coloured crest, bird;

Come down from the tree branch, I shall be your wife for free.

58.

You are a four-footed good one, I am a two-footed pleasing one;

A beast and a bird are incompatible, seek another husband.

59.

I shall be your young maiden, charming and sweet-spoken;

Win me with noble inspiration, make me yours if you wish.

60.

You who feed on corpses and drink blood, you thief who strikes cocks;

You do not desire my husband with noble inspiration.

61.

Thus too a cunning woman, having seen a wealthy man;

Leads him with gentle speech, like a cat does a cock.

62.

One who does not quickly understand a matter that has arisen,

Comes under the power of enemies, and later feels remorse.

63.

But one who quickly understands a matter that has arisen,

Is freed from enemy's confinement, just as the cock from the cat.

The Birth Story of the Cock, the eighth.

384.

The Banner of the Teaching Birth Story (6-1-9)

64.

Live by the Teaching, relatives, live by the Teaching, good fortune to you;

One who lives by the Teaching dwells happily, both in this world and the next.

65.

Auspicious indeed is this bird, a creature supremely righteous;

Standing on one foot, teaches only the Teaching.

66.

You do not understand his virtue, you praise without knowing;

Having eaten both eggs and chicks, he speaks of Teaching, Teaching.

67.

He says one thing by speech, does another by body;

By speech but not by body, he is not established in that Teaching.

68.

Gentle in speech but corrupt in mind, concealed like a black snake in a well;

Banner of Teaching, good in villages and towns, hard to know by a foolish person.

69.

With beaks and wings strike this one, with feet harass this one;

Destroy this vile one, this one is not proper to live with.

The Banner of the Teaching Birth Story Ninth.

385.

The King Nandiya Deer Birth Story (6-1-10)

70.

If you go, brahmin, to the Ajjuna forest in Sāketa;

Tell Nandiya by name, our own son;

Your mother and father are old, they wish to see you.

71.

I have eaten the fodder, the king's food and drink;

I cannot, brahmin, eat that royal alms again.

72.

I will lay down my flank for the king's hoof-tipped arrows;

Then freed and happy, may I see my mother.

73.

Formerly I was a king of beasts, in the Kosalan's domain;

Named Nandiya by name, a beautiful four-footed creature.

74.

He came to kill me, in a grove in the Arjuna forest;

Having strung his bow, the Kosalan fixed an arrow.

75.

I laid down my flank for the king's hoof-tipped arrows;

Then freed and happy, I came to see my mother.

The King Nandiya Deer Birth Story is the tenth.

The Chapter about Avāriya is the first.

Here is its summary -

Then Kujjharathesabha, Ketuvara, Sadarīmukha, Neru and again Latā;

Apananda, Sirī and excellent Citta, then Dhammika and with Nandimiga makes ten.

2.

The Chapter about Kharaputta

386.

The Kharaputta Birth Story (6-2-1)

76.

Indeed it is true what the wise say, that a fool is like this;

See how the fool does not understand the secret action being revealed.

77.

You too, friend, are a fool, know this, son of a donkey;

Bound with a rope, with curved lips and downturned mouth.

78.

Friend, this is another foolishness of yours, that when freed you do not run away;

And friend, he is even more foolish, that Senaka whom you carry.

79.

If I am a fool, friend, know this, ageless king;

Then why is Senaka a fool? Being asked, tell me this.

80.

Having obtained the highest good, one who shows it to his wife;

Because of that he will lose himself, and she will not be his.

81.

Indeed such a one does not say "dear," O king of people, having put aside self he serves what is dear;

Self is better and supreme better, dear ones can be found later with gathered meaning.

The First Kharaputta Birth Story.

387.

The Needle Birth Story (6-2-2)

82.

Not rough and not harsh, well polished and with a good eye,

Subtle and with a sharp point, who wishes to buy a needle?

83.

Well polished and with a good eye, progressively well rounded,

Hard hitting and firm, who wishes to buy a needle?

84.

From here now they fly forth, needles and hooks,

Who in this smiths' village wishes to sell a needle?

85.

From here various tools go forth, activities diverse and many;

Who in this smiths' village wishes to sell a needle?

86.

A needle in a smiths' village should be sold by one who understands;

The teachers know whether the work is well done or badly done.

87.

Dear lady, if your father knew this needle was made by me,

He would invite me to you, and to whatever other wealth is in the house.

The Second Needle Birth Story.

388.

The Tuṇḍila Birth Story (6-2-3)

88.

Now it is given in a new vessel, the bowl is full and the mistress stands;

Though there are many people with snares in hand, it does not occur to me to eat.

89.

You tremble, you wander, you seek shelter, you are helpless - where will you go?

Live at ease and eat, Tuṇḍila, for we are raised for the sake of meat.

90.

Plunge into the lake without mud, wash away all the stain of sweat;

Take the fresh ointment, whose odour never fades.

91.

What is the lake without mud, what is called the stain of sweat;

And what is the fresh ointment, whose odour never fades.

92.

The Teaching is the lake without mud, evil is called the stain of sweat;

And virtue is the fresh ointment, its odour never fades.

93.

Those who destroy the body delight, but those who maintain the body do not delight;

And on the full moon night, while enjoying themselves they give up life.

The Tuṇḍila Birth Story Third.

389.

The Golden Crab Birth Story (6-2-4)

94.

The horned deer with long-set eyes, the water-dwelling eight-limbed one without hair;

Overcome by him I cry pitifully, alas friend why do you abandon me.

95.

He breathing with a great hood, the snake caught in the middle of the crab;

A friend protecting a friend, the crab seized the snake.

96.

Neither the crow nor the black snake, would the crab seeking food take;

I ask you with long-drawn eyes, then for what reason were we both seized?

97.

This person wishes my welfare, who having taken me leads me to water;

If he dies there would be immense suffering for me, both I and he would not be.

98.

And seeing my grown body, all people would wish only to harm me;

Sweet and plump and tender flesh, even crows seeing me would harass me.

99.

If we were both seized for a reason, let the person rise, I release the unrighteous one;

Release me and the crow quickly, before the poison strongly affects the mortal.

100.

I will release the snake but not yet the crow, the crow will remain bound for now;

Having seen the person happy and healthy, I will release the crow just like the snake.

101.

The crow was then Devadatta, and Māra was the black snake;

Ānanda the blessed one was the crab, I was then the Teacher as the brahmin.

The Golden Crab Birth Story Fourth.

390.

The Mayhaka Birth Story (6-2-5)

102.

A bird named Mayhaka, dwelling in mountain valleys;

Having climbed a ripe pipphal tree, cries "mine, mine."

103.

While he was lamenting thus, flocks of birds gathered together;

Having eaten the pepper, they go, while that bird just laments.

104.

Even so, here someone, having amassed much wealth;

Neither for himself nor for relatives, does he use it properly.

105.

He does not enjoy clothing, food, nor garlands, nor ointments;

He experiences nothing at all, nor does he support his relatives.

106.

While he laments thus, guarding "mine, mine";

Kings or thieves, or unloved heirs;

Take away his wealth, while that person just laments.

107.

The wise person, having obtained wealth, supports his relatives;

Through that he gains fame, and after death rejoices in heaven.

The Mayhaka Birth Story Fifth.

391.

The Magician Birth Story (6-2-6)

108.

Though of ugly form, you of noble beauty, having gone in front, with joined palms pay homage;

Is he superior to you or your equal, tell me his name and your own too.

109.

Those deities who have gone rightly and directly do not take name and clan, O king;

But I will tell you my name, I am Sakka, lord of the thirty deities.

110.

One who, seeing a monk endowed with good conduct, having gone in front, with joined palms pays homage;

I ask you this matter, king of deities, what happiness does one gain after passing away from here.

111.

One who, seeing a monk endowed with good conduct, having gone in front, with joined palms pays homage;

In this very life one gains praise, and after the breakup of the body one goes to heaven.

112.

Good fortune has indeed arisen for me today, that we have seen the lord of beings, Vāsava;

Having seen both the monk and you, Sakka, I shall do abundant meritorious deeds.

113.

Indeed, one should associate with the wise, the learned ones who reflect on many things;

Having seen both the monk and me, O king, do abundant meritorious deeds.

114.

Without anger, with a mind ever serene, having become devoted to all guests and suppliants;

Having put down conceit I will welcome, having heard your well-spoken words, lord of deities.

The Birth Story of the Knowledge-bearer, the sixth.

392.

The Birth Story of Smelling the Flower (6-2-7)

115.

This water-born flower that you smell without it being given,

This is one factor of theft, you are a thief of odours, friend.

116.

I do not take, I do not break, from afar I smell the water-born;

Then for what reason am I called a thief of odours?

117.

That one who digs up lotus roots and breaks off white lotuses;

One engaged in such actions, why is he not called so?

118.

A person full of cruelty, like a nurse's cloth stained;

For him I have no words, but you I ought to address.

119.

For a being without blemish, constantly seeking purity;

Even evil the size of a hair tip appears like a cloud.

120.

Surely, O spirit, you know me and show me compassion;

Please speak again, O spirit, when you see something like this.

121.

I neither live dependent on you, nor am I your servant;

You yourself, monk, should know how to reach a good destination.

The Birth Story of the Horn Flower, the seventh.

393.

The Birth Story of the Scrap-eaters (6-2-8)

122.

Happily indeed live those people who are scrap-eaters;

Praiseworthy in this very life, and a good destination in the life to come.

123.

When the parrot was speaking, the wise did not listen;

Listen to this, brothers, he praises only us.

124.

I do not praise you, carrion-eaters, listen to me;

You eat leftovers, you are not scrap-eaters.

125.

Seven years gone forth, crested ones in the great forest;

Sustaining ourselves with scraps, if we are blameworthy to you;

Who then would be praiseworthy to you?

126.

You who live on the leftovers of lions, tigers,

And beasts, sustaining yourselves with scraps, consider yourselves scrap-eaters.

127.

Those people who eat the remainder after giving to a brahmin, an ascetic,

Or another wanderer, they are scrap-eaters.

The Birth Story of the Scrap-eaters, the eighth.

394.

The Quail Birth Story (6-2-9)

128.

You eat sublime food with ghee and oil, uncle;

Then for what reason are you thin, crow?

129.

Living among enemies, seeking material things among them;

For one with a heart always anxious, how can a crow have firmness?

130.

Crows are always fearful, ravens due to evil action;

The food received does not nourish, therefore I am thin, quail.

131.

You eat coarse grass seeds, with little nutriment;

Then for what reason are you fat, quail?

132.

Through few wishes, little reflection, and not wandering far,

Sustaining myself with what is received and not received, therefore I am fat, crow.

133.

For a person of few wishes, and happy with little reflection,

With well-controlled conceit, livelihood is well-gathered.

The Quail Birth Story, the ninth.

395.

The Pigeon Birth Story (6-2-10)

134.

Indeed, after a long time I see a friend wearing a jewel;

Well-done is his beard-trimming, my companion looks splendid indeed.

135.

With overgrown armpits and body hair, I was busy with my work;

Having found a barber after a long time, today I had that hair removed.

136.

Since you had the hair removed, having found a rare barber;

Then why, my friend, does something tinkle at your neck?

137.

For delicate human beings, a jewel hangs on their necks;

I am training in imitation of them, do not think it was done in jest.

138.

If you envy this well-done beard-trimming;

I will have it done for you, my friend, and I will give you a jewel too.

139.

You are adorned with a jewel and a well-groomed beard;

Let me address you and go, seeing you is dear to me.

The Pigeon Birth Story, the tenth.

The Chapter about Kharaputta, the second.

Here is its summary -

Then see the needle and Tuṇḍilaka, the deer and Mayhaka the fifth, and the excellent bird;

Then Pañjali, the water-born, Mejjha again, then Vaṭṭa, and with the excellent pigeon makes ten.

Then the chapter summary -

Then I will proclaim the chapter, the excellent six verses;

Avāriyā and Khara, and two are spoken with good phrasing.

The Chapter of Six Verses is finished.

7.

The Chapter of Seven Verses

1.

The Chapter about the Kukku

396.

The Kukku Birth Story (7-1-1)

1.

One and a half kukku at sunrise, the rafters, eight spans surround it;

That simsapa tree made of heartwood, unbreakable, where it stands does not fall from above.

2.

Those thirty made of heartwood, not straight, arranged around the rafters stand evenly;

Well supported by them, pressed by force, standing evenly they do not fall from above.

3.

So too the wise person with firm friends, of unbreakable nature, pure counsellors;

Well supported does not fall from prosperity, like rafters bearing weight to the pinnacle.

4.

Just as a merchant with rough-skinned wood-apple, even without touching makes it bitter;

Collecting it, O king, makes it sweet, would make what is unpleasant remove bodily bonds.

5.

So too the wise person in villages and towns, without violence gathering royal wealth;

Following the Teaching and practising, would create prosperity without harming another.

6.

With white roots, born from pure water, like a lotus born in ponds;

Like a lotus split open by fire's rays, neither mud nor dust nor water clings to it.

7.

Thus too one pure in expression, free from violence, with purified actions, evil departed;

Such a one is not stained by defiling actions, like a lotus born in ponds.

The Kukku Birth Story First.

397.

The Manoja Birth Story (7-1-2)

8.

Just as the bow bends down, and the bowstring twangs;

Surely Manoja is being killed, the king of beasts, my friend.

9.

Well now, I shall depart to the forests, at my pleasure;

Friends like these are not found, while living I shall find a friend.

10.

One who associates with evil people does not attain complete happiness;

See Manoja lying, this is the instruction of Giriya.

11.

A mother does not delight in a son who is bent on evil;

See Manoja lying, covered in his own blood.

12.

Thus a person falls into trouble and encounters worse;

Who indeed does not follow the word of benefactors who see the good.

13.

And thus he becomes worse than that, who being highest associates with inferior people;

See the highest one who associated with inferior people, the lord of beasts struck down by the force of arrows.

14.

A person declines by associating with an inferior one, and one who associates with equals never declines;

Quickly rises up approaching the best, therefore one should associate with those who are higher than oneself.

The Manoja Birth Story Second.

398.

The Sutanu Birth Story (7-1-3)

15.

The king sent you a meal, pure with meat sauce;

In Maghadeva's dwelling, come out and eat.

16.

Come here young man, taking the cooked alms food;

You, young man, and the alms food, both will become food.

17.

For a small thing, spirit, you will lose a great benefit;

People, perceiving death, will not bring you alms food.

18.

Having obtained your regular alms food, spirit, pure, sublime, endowed with taste;

And the person who brings you alms food here will be very hard to find when I am eaten.

19.

What you say is well understood by me, young man;

With my permission, may you see your mother safely.

20.

Take the sword, parasol and bowl, and go, young man;

May your mother see you safely, and may you see your mother.

21.

So spirit, may you be happy, together with all your relatives;

I have obtained wealth, and the king's command has been done.

The Sutanu Birth Story Third.

399.

The Birth Story of the Vulture Who Supported His Mother (7-1-4)

22.

What will they do now, the aged ones dwelling in the mountain caves;

I am imprisoned by a snare, having come under the hunter's power.

23.

Why do you lament, vulture, what is your lamentation about;

Neither have I heard nor seen a bird speaking human speech.

24.

I support my mother and father, the aged ones dwelling in the mountain caves;

What will they do now, when I have come under your power.

25.

"Though a vulture sees corpses a hundred yojanas away,

Why do you not perceive when you have encountered a net and a snare?

26.

"When decline comes to a person at life's end,

Then one does not perceive even when encountering a net and a snare.

27.

Support your mother and father, the aged ones dwelling in the mountain caves;

With my permission, may you see your relatives safely.

28.

So hunter, rejoice together with all your relatives;

I will support my mother and father, the aged ones dwelling in the mountain caves.

The Birth Story of the Vulture Who Supported His Mother, the fourth.

400.

The Birth Story of the Dabbha Flower (7-1-5)

29.

Walking along the bank, venerable sir, follow me as a companion;

A great fish has caught me, it drags me away with force.

30.

Deep-water dweller, venerable sir, hold on firmly with strength;

I will pull you out, like a supanna bird pulls out a snake.

31.

A dispute has arisen between us, Dabbha flower, listen to me;

Settle this conflict, friend, let the dispute subside.

32.

"Formerly I was a righteous judge, many cases were decided by me;

I settle this conflict, friend, let the dispute subside.

33.

The tail goes along the shore, the head goes in the deep;

This middle portion will be for the righteous judge.

34.

The food would have lasted long, if we had not disputed;

Without head and without tail, the jackal carries off the red fish.

35.

Just as a noble king would delight having obtained kingship;

So I delight today seeing my husband's full face.

36.

How now, being a land-dweller, did you grasp a fish in the water;

Being asked, friend, tell me, how did you attain it?

37.

Through disputes they become thin, through disputes wealth is destroyed;

Defeated by dispute, eat the fish, you deceitful one.

38.

Even so among human beings, where dispute arises;

They run to the righteous one, for he is their guide;

Even their wealth is lost there, the royal treasury increases.

The Birth Story of the Dabbha Flower, the fifth.

401.

The Birth Story of Paṇṇaka (7-1-6)

39.

Paṇṇaka with sharp edge, a sword with perfect grip;

A person swallows in an assembly, what is more difficult than that;

Whatever other difficult state there is, being asked, tell me this.

40.

A person through greed might swallow a sword with excellent drink;

But one who would say "I will give," that is more difficult than that;

Every other state is easy, know this, O gentle one.

41.

Āyura answered the question, skilled in the meaning of the Teaching;

Now I ask Pukkusa, what is more difficult than that;

Whatever other difficult state there is, being asked, tell me this.

42.

They do not live by speech, uttering fruitless words;

And one who would regret after giving, that is more difficult than that;

Every other state is easy, know this, O gentle one.

43.

Pukkusa answered the question, skilled in the meaning of the Teaching;

Now I ask Senaka, what is more difficult than that;

Whatever other difficult state there is, being asked, tell me this.

44.

A person might give a gift, whether little or much;

And one who would not regret after giving, that is more difficult than that;

Every other state is easy, know this, O gentle one.

45.

Āyura answered the question, and also the man Pukkusa;

He surpasses all questions, as Senaka speaks.

The Paṇṇaka Birth Story, the sixth.

402.

The Sattubhasta Birth Story (7-1-7)

46.

Your mind is distracted and your faculties disturbed, streams of tears flow from your eyes;

What have you lost, and what are you seeking, pray tell me this, O Brahmā.

47.

"My wife would die if I go today, the spirit spoke of death if I come;

I am trembling with this suffering, tell me, Senaka, the meaning of this."

48.

"Having reflected on many possibilities, what I shall tell you here is true;

I think, brahmin, that unknown to you, a black snake has entered your food bag."

49.

"Take a stick and beat the bag, you will see the deaf-mute, forked-tongued serpent;

Cut off your perplexity and doubts today, see the snake and release the bag."

50.

With an agitated appearance in the middle of the assembly, that brahmin released the food bag;

Then emerged a snake of fierce heat, a venomous serpent, having raised its hood.

51.

Well-gained is the benefit for King Janaka, who sees Senaka of excellent wisdom;

Are you the one with the veil removed, the all-seeing one, is your knowledge, brahmin, of terrifying form.

52.

I have these seven hundred, take them all, I give them to you;

For today my life was gained through you, and also you brought safety to my wife.

53.

The wise do not accept payment for varied verses well-spoken;

Let the brahmins give you wealth from here too, take it and go to your own home.

The Sattubhasta Birth Story Seventh.

403.

The Aṭṭhisena Birth Story (7-1-8)

54.

These beggars whom I do not know, Aṭṭhisena;

They gather and beg from me, why do you not beg from me?

55.

A beggar becomes disliked, not giving to one who begs becomes disliked;

Therefore I do not beg from you, lest there be hatred towards me.

56.

One who indeed lives by begging, does not beg when it is time to beg;

Destroys another's merit, and oneself does not live.

57.

One who lives by begging, when it is time to beg indeed begs;

Obtains merit for another, and oneself lives too.

58.

The wise indeed do not hate, seeing beggars approach;

You are dear to me as one living the holy life, say what you wish to be given.

59.

The wise indeed do not beg, and the wise one should know;

The noble ones stand with purpose, this is the noble ones' begging.

60.

I give you a thousand red cows with a bull, brahmin;

For how could a noble one not give to a noble one, having heard your verses full of Teaching.

The Aṭṭhisena Birth Story Eighth.

404.

The Birth Story of the Monkey (7-1-9)

61.

Where an enemy dwells, there a wise person should not live;

For one night or two nights, one lives painfully among enemies.

62.

Calamity comes to one with fickle mind, who follows others;

Because of a single monkey, calamity was brought to the herd.

63.

Like a fool who thinks himself wise, being a leader of the group;

Having come under the power of one's own mind, one would lie down like a monkey.

64.

Not good is a powerful fool, as leader of the group;

He becomes harmful to relatives, like a hawk to birds.

65.

A wise and powerful one is good, as leader of the group;

He becomes beneficial to relatives, like Vāsava to the thirty deities.

66.

One who sees virtue, wisdom, and learning in oneself;

Acts for the good of both, oneself and the other.

67.

Therefore one should weigh oneself, as to virtue, wisdom, and learning;

Then either lead the group wisely, or wander alone.

The Ninth Birth Story of the Monkey.

405.

The Brahmā Baka Birth Story (7-1-10)

68.

Seventy-two, Gotama, meritorious actions, the Vasavatti deities have gone beyond birth and aging;

This is the last attainment of knowledge and rebirth in the brahmā realm, many people aspire to this.

69.

For this life span is short, not long, what you, Baka, conceive as a long life-span;

A hundred thousand nirabbudas, I understand your life-term, Brahmā.

70.

I am the Blessed One of infinite vision, who has transcended birth, aging and sorrow;

What is my old vow and virtuous observance, tell me that which I should cognize.

71.

When you gave drink to many human beings, who were thirsty and overcome by heat;

That ancient observance of vows and virtuous behaviour of yours, I recollect as if awakening from sleep.

72.

When at the bank of the Eṇi river, a person was seized, you freed him as he was being led away captive;

That ancient observance of vows and virtuous behaviour of yours, I recollect as if awakening from sleep.

73.

In the stream of the Ganges, a boat being caught, by a fierce dragon in human form;

You freed it forcefully with strength, that ancient observance of vows and virtuous behaviour of yours;

I recollect as if awakening from sleep.

74.

I was your imprisoned companion for an aeon, I conceived you to be an enlightened one of vows;

That ancient observance of vows and virtuous behaviour of yours, I recollect as if awakening from sleep.

75.

Surely you understand my life span, and you know others too, for thus you are the Enlightened One;

For thus this blazing power of yours, illuminates and remains in the brahmā world.

The Brahmā Baka Birth Story, the tenth.

The First Chapter about the Kukku.

Here is its summary -

Varakannaka, Capavara, Sutana, then Gijjha, Sarohita, Macchavara;

Again Pannaka, Senaka, Yacanaka, then Veri with Brahmabaka makes ten.

2.

The Chapter About Gandhara

406.

The Gandhara Birth Story (7-2-1)

76.

Having abandoned sixteen thousand villages, complete in every way;

And prosperous storehouses, now you make a store.

77.

Having abandoned the domain of Gandhara, maintaining abundant wealth;

Having departed from ruling, now here you rule.

78.

I speak the Teaching, Videha, unrighteousness does not please me;

While I speak the Teaching, evil does not stick to me.

79.

By whatever praise, another gains hurt;

Even if speech has great meaning, the wise person would not speak it.

80.

Whether one is hurt or not, or is scattered about like chaff;

While I speak the Teaching, evil does not stick to me.

81.

If one had no enlightened understanding, or were not well trained in discipline;

Many people would wander like blind buffalo in the forest.

82.

But since some are well trained in good conduct;

Therefore, disciplined by discipline, they live well concentrated.

The First Gandhara Birth Story.

407.

The Great Monkey Birth Story (7-2-2)

83.

Having made himself a bridge, who helped them cross safely;

What are they to you, what are you to them, great monkey.

84.

I am the king, ruler of them, leader of the group;

For them overcome with sorrow, frightened, O subduer of enemies.

85.

Having stretched myself across, a hundred bowstrings released;

Then on the far side, firmly bound with a creeper rope.

86.

Like a cloud driven by the wind, I approached the tree;

Being there without strength, I grasped a branch with my hands.

87.

While I was stretched out peacefully, on a branch and a creeper;

Treading carefully with their feet, the tree-dwelling animals went safely.

88.

That bond does not torment me, when dead it will not torment me;

I brought happiness to those, for whom I exercised kingship.

89.

This is a simile for you, king, listen to it, tamer of enemies;

For the king, for the kingdom's people, for the army and the town;

Happiness should be sought for all, by the noble one who understands.

The Great Monkey Birth Story Second.

408.

The Birth Story of the Potter (7-2-3)

90.

I saw a mango in the midst of a forest, with a blue light, fruiting and fully grown;

I saw it broken because of its fruit, having seen that I live the life of alms-round.

91.

A well-polished stone finished by heroic men, two women carried quietly;

When the second came there was a sound, having seen that I live the life of alms-round.

92.

Birds, meeting in great numbers against one bird carrying a corpse;

Because of food they made it fall, having seen that I live the life of alms-round.

93.

I saw a bull in the midst of the herd, with moving humps, endowed with beauty and strength;

I saw it pierced because of sensual pleasure, having seen that I live the life of alms-round.

94.

Karaṇḍaka of the Kaliṅgas, and Naggaji of the Gandhāras;

King Nimi of the Videhas, and Dummukha of the Pañcālas;

All these, having abandoned their kingdoms, went forth owning nothing.

95.

All these gathered here are like deities, just like blazing fires are these;

I too will wander alone, Bhagavī, having abandoned sensual pleasures according to my strength.

96.

This is indeed the time, there is no other, there would be no one to instruct me later;

I too will wander alone, Bhagava, like a bird freed from a person's hand.

97.

They know what is raw and what is cooked, and what is salty and unsalty;

Having seen that, I went forth, you should wander and I will wander.

The Birth Story of the Potter, the third.

409.

The Birth Story of Daḷhadhamma (7-2-4)

98.

If I, carrying Daḷhadhamma, did not please him;

Bearing a dart in my chest, moving valiantly in battle.

99.

Surely the king does not know my valiant manly strength;

The well-done deeds in battle, and the messages dispatched.

100.

Surely now I will die, without relatives and helpless;

For then I was given to the potter as a dung carrier.

101.

As long as a person prospers, just so long does he flourish;

When misfortunes come, they abandon him, as a noble abandons a sick camel.

102.

One who, having received good done before, does not understand what was done,

His goals that were wished for, are destroyed.

103.

One who, having received good done before, understands what was done,

His goals that were wished for, increase.

104.

This I say to you, Venerable Sir, all who have gathered here:

May you all be grateful, you will dwell long in heaven.

The Fourth Birth Story of Daḷhadhamma.

410.

The Somadatta Birth Story (7-2-5)

105.

He who formerly met me, coming from afar in the forest;

That elephant is not seen, where has Somadatta gone.

106.

Here he lies dead, like a calf with wet horns;

He lies fallen on the ground, the elephant has died indeed.

107.

For you who has gone forth to homelessness, who is fully freed, mindful;

It is not proper for an ascetic to grieve for the departed.

108.

Indeed Sakka, through living together, whether with a human or a deer;

Affection arises in the heart, it is not possible not to grieve.

109.

Those who weep and lament, weep for the dead and the dying;

Therefore sage do not weep, the peaceful ones say weeping is futile.

110.

Indeed brahmin, by wailing the dead ghost would not rise up;

All of us together weep for each other's relatives.

111.

Being ablaze indeed, like a fire doused with ghee;

Like with water, one would extinguish all anguish.

112.

Indeed you pulled out the dart that was lodged in my heart;

You who, when I was overcome with sorrow, dispelled my sorrow for my son.

113.

I have had the dart pulled out, free from sorrow, untroubled;

I do not sorrow, I do not weep, having heard you, Vāsava.

The Birth Story of Somadatta, Fifth.

411.

The Birth Story of Susīma (7-2-6)

114.

Black were the hairs before, growing on the head in their proper place;

Seeing them white today, Susīma, practise the Teaching, it is time for the holy life.

115.

The grey hairs are mine, your majesty, not yours, mine is the head, my topmost part;

"I will serve your purpose," I spoke falsely, forgive this one offence, supreme king.

116.

Young you are and beautiful to see, O king, newly risen like a banana shoot;

Rule the kingdom and look at me, do not pursue what takes time, O lord of people.

117.

I see a young maiden, with beautiful limbs, slender and with a fine waist;

Swaying like black coral, she walks among men as if enticing them.

118.

Then I see that woman later, eighty or ninety years from birth;

Taking a stick, trembling, walking bent like a roof beam.

119.

Reflecting on just that, I lie alone in the middle of my bed;

Seeing that "I too will be like this", I do not delight in the house - it is time for the holy life.

120.

This delight that exists for one living in a house is like hanging by a rope;

Having cut this too the wise go forth, without longing, having abandoned sensual pleasure.

The Birth Story of Susīma, the Sixth.

412.

The Birth Story of the Silk-cotton Tree (7-2-7)

121.

I came bringing a serpent one hundred fathoms long;

Though bearing that huge body and me, you did not tremble.

122.

But now bearing this small bird, with less flesh than me,

You tremble in fear, what is the matter, silk-cotton tree?

123.

You, king, are a flesh-eater, but this bird eats fruits;

Having eaten banyan seeds, and figs and wood apples,

And sacred fig tree seeds, it will defecate on my branches.

124.

Those trees grow up, sprouting at my side;

They will envelop me, they will make me treeless.

125.

There are other trees too, with roots and trunks, trees;

By this kind of bird, the seeds were brought and destroyed.

126.

They climb up and grow, even on a mighty forest lord;

Therefore, O king, I tremble, seeing the future fear.

127.

One should be anxious about things that warrant anxiety, one should guard against future fear;

The wise one, due to fear of the future, looks to both worlds."

The Birth Story of the Silk-cotton Tree, the seventh.

413.

The Birth Story of the Smoke Maker (7-2-8)

128.

King Yudhiṭṭhila, who loved the Teaching, asked Vidhura;

'Do you know, brahmin, who alone grieves much?'

129.

A brahmin with a herd of goats, having abundant firewood, dwelling in the forest;

Vāseṭṭha made smoke, untiring day and night.

130.

Due to the odour of his smoke, red deer troubled by mosquitoes,

Came to spend the rainy season near the smoke-maker.

131.

Having set his mind on the red deer, he did not notice his goats;

Coming and going, those goats of his perished.

132.

The red deer in autumn, when mosquitoes had left the forest,

Entered the mountain gorges and the river sources.

133.

Seeing the red deer gone and the goats come to destruction,

Thin and discoloured you are, and a brahmin with jaundice.

134.

Thus one who, having rejected one's own, makes a stranger dear;

That one alone grieves much, like the brahmin smoke maker.

The Birth Story of the Smoke Maker, the eighth.

414.

The Birth Story of the Wakeful (7-2-9)

135.

Who here is asleep while awake, who here is awake while sleeping;

Who understands this of mine, who explains this to me.

136.

I am asleep while awake, I am awake while sleeping;

I understand this, I explain this to you.

137.

How are you asleep while awake, how are you awake while sleeping;

How do you understand this, how do you explain this to me.

138.

Those who do not understand the Teaching, that it is self-control and taming;

While they are sleeping, I am awake, O deity.

139.

Those in whom lust and hatred and ignorance have faded away;

While they are awake, I am asleep, O deity.

140.

Thus asleep in the wakeful, thus awake in the sleeping;

Thus I understand this, thus I explain to you.

141.

Good to be asleep in the wakeful, good to be awake in the sleeping;

Good that you understand this, good that you explain to me.

The Birth Story of the Wakeful, the ninth.

415.

The Birth Story of the Morsel of Porridge (7-2-10)

142.

Indeed there is no small service to the Enlightened Ones of incomparable vision;

From dry food without salt, see the fruit of a morsel of porridge.

143.

These many elephants, cattle and horses, wealth and grain, and the entire earth;

And these women comparable to celestial nymphs, see the fruit of a morsel of porridge.

144.

Frequently, royal elephant, you speak verses, lord of Kosala;

I ask you, increaser of the realm, you speak with a mind full of rapture.

145.

In this very city, I was in a certain family;

I was a servant working for others, a hired worker restrained in virtue.

146.

Going out for work, I saw four ascetics,

Perfect in conduct and virtue, become cool, taintless.

147.

Having established confidence in them, having sat on a spread of leaves;

I gave gruel to the Enlightened Ones, with confidence, with my own hands.

148.

Of that wholesome action, this is such a fruit for me;

I experience this kingdom, prosperous, supreme on earth.

149.

Give, enjoy, do not be heedless, keep the wheel turning, ruler of Kosala;

Do not be an unrighteous king, protect the Teaching, ruler of Kosala.

150.

I will practice that same path again and again, O beautiful one;

The noble practice in fair Kosala, the Accomplished Ones are agreeable for me to see.

151.

Like a deity, comparable to a celestial nymph, you shine in the middle of a group of women;

What good action did you do, by what means did you become beautiful in Kosala.

152.

In the Ambaṭṭha clan, O noble one, I was a servant girl working for others;

I was restrained and living righteously, virtuous and avoiding evil sights.

153.

At that time I gave leftover food to a monk who was walking;

Prosperous and happy myself, such is the fruit of that action for me.

The Birth Story of the Morsel of Porridge, the tenth.

416.

The Birth Story of Parantapa (7-2-11)

154.

Evil will come to me, fear will come to me;

Then the branch was shaken, by a human being or an animal.

155.

Surely my sensual desire is for the timid one living not far away;

That branch will make Parantapa thin and pale.

156.

My beloved, blameless while living in the village, will make me grieve;

That branch will make Parantapa thin and pale.

157.

You with eyes lined with black, and your smiles and words;

Will make me thin and pale, like that branch did to Parantapa.

158.

Surely that sound has gone, surely it was heard by you;

Surely it was told to you by the one who shook that branch.

159.

This indeed was the reflection of me, a fool, when meeting.

Then the branch was shaken, by a human being or an animal.

160.

Just so you knew, you deceived my father;

Having killed, covering with branches, fear will come to me.

The Birth Story of Parantapa, the Eleventh.

The Chapter about Gandhara, the Second.

Here is its summary -

Varagāma, Mahākapi, and Bhaggava, Daḷhadhamma, Sakuñjara, Kesavara;

Uraga, Vidhura, then Jāgarata, then Kosalādhipa and Parantapa.

Then the chapter summary -

Now in the Book of Sevens, listen to me reciting the chapter;

Kukku and then Gandhara, just two protected by the great sage.

The Book of Sevens is finished.

8.

The Book of Eights

417.

The Birth Story of Kaccāni (1)

1.

Dressed in white, pure with wet hair, Kaccāni, why, having placed a pot,

Do you wash flour, sesame seeds and rice? For what reason will there be sesame rice?

2.

This sesame rice, brahmin, though well-cooked, is not for the purpose of food;

The Teaching is dead, there is plenty today, I will make it in the middle of the cemetery.

3.

After investigation, Kaccāni, do your task, who told you that the Teaching is dead?

The thousand-eyed one of immeasurable power, the supreme Teaching never dies.

4.

My proof in this matter is firm, brahmin, the Teaching is dead, I have no perplexity about this;

Those who are evil now, they become happy now.

5.

For my daughter-in-law was barren, she, having killed me, gave birth to a son;

Now she is the ruler of the entire family, while I am cast aside alone.

6.

I am alive, I am not dead, I have come here for your welfare;

She who killed you and gave birth to a son, together with the son I will reduce to ashes.

7.

If this pleases you, O king of deities, you have come here for my welfare;

May I, my son, daughter-in-law and grandson live together happily in the house.

8.

If this pleases you, O Kātiyānī, though killed you have not abandoned the Teaching;

May you, your son, daughter-in-law and grandson live together happily in the house.

9.

That Kātiyānī lived together happily in the house with her daughter-in-law;

Son and grandson attended on her, favoured by the king of deities.

The First: The Birth Story of Kaccāni.

418.

The Birth Story of Eight Sounds (2)

10.

Formerly this was slanting downwards, they say, with many fish and great water;

The dwelling of the king of herons, my ancestral abode;

Today we live on frogs, we do not abandon our home.

11.

Who will break the eye of the second immoral, imprisoned one;

Who will make my children, their nest, and me safe.

12.

All the sapwood was utterly destroyed, as far as her destination was;

Great king, with food destroyed, the weevil does not delight in the heartwood.

13.

Having gone from here, surely I, freed from the king's residence;

I shall delight myself, dwelling in the tree branches.

14.

Having gone from here, surely I, freed from the king's residence;

Shall drink the best water, going before the herd.

15.

Me, intoxicated with sensual pleasures, impassioned, infatuated with sensual pleasures;

The cruel Bharata brought, the outsider - may there be blessing for you.

16.

In the darkness of night, on the high mountain peak;

She with gentle softness, "may my foot not stumble on the rock."

17.

Without doubt, having seen the end of birth, I shall not return to lying in a womb;

This is my final, ultimate lying in a womb, destroyed is my round of births for renewed existence.

The Birth Story of Eight Sounds, the second.

419.

The Birth Story of Sulasā (3)

18.

"Here are gold bracelets, many pearls and lapis lazuli;

Take all, good sir, and declare me as your slave.

19.

Put them down, beautiful one, do not lament too much;

And I do not directly know of bringing wealth without killing.

20.

Since I remember myself, since I attained wisdom;

And I do not directly know of anyone dearer than you.

21.

Come, I will embrace you, I will circumambulate you;

For now there will be no more meeting between you and me.

22.

Not in all instances is a person wise;

A woman too can be wise, discerning in various instances.

23.

Not in all instances is a person wise;

A woman too can be wise, quick to reflect on the goal.

24.

Quickly indeed and swiftly, she planned nearby;

Like a deer in its fullness, Sulasā killed the enemy.

25.

One who does not quickly understand a matter that has arisen,

That fool is slain, like a thief in a mountain cave.

26.

But one who quickly understands a matter that has arisen,

Is freed from enemy's confinement, as Sulasā was from the enemy.

The Birth Story of Sulasā, Third.

420.

The Birth Story of Sumaṅgala (4)

27.

Having considered "I am extremely angry," a ruler should not yet impose punishment;

Impossibly, unsuitable to oneself, one would strongly stir up suffering for another.

28.

But when one knows one's own confidence, one should apply purpose to another's wrongdoing;

Having considered 'This is the purpose', one should then establish a fitting punishment.

29.

One who is not infatuated does not torment another or oneself, leading by method and non-method;

One who wields the stick and is sovereign here, protected by beauty does not fall from prosperity.

30.

Those nobles who act without reflection, infatuated they hastily impose punishment;

Associated with blame they lose their life, and even liberated from here they go to a bad destination.

31.

Those who delight in the Teaching proclaimed by the noble ones, they are unsurpassed in speech, mind, and action;

Established in peace, mildness, and concentration, such ones go to both worlds.

32.

I am a king, lord of human vanities, even if I get angry I restrain myself;

Restraining such people, I apply punishment with careful compassion.

33.

Glory and fortune are yours alone, O noble one, ruler of people, may they never abandon you;

Without anger, with a mind ever serene, free from trouble, may you rule for hundreds of years.

34.

Endowed with these qualities, O noble one, established in noble conduct, easy to admonish, not prone to anger;

Happy, ruling the earth without oppression, be liberated from here and go to a good destination.

35.

Thus with well-guided and well-spoken words, with the Teaching, with method, leading with engagement;

May you extinguish the agitated multitude, like a great cloud with water on the earth.

The Birth Story of Sumaṅgala, the Fourth.

421.

The Birth Story of Gaṅgamāla (5)

36.

The earth was covered with embers, the great earth was filled with hot ashes;

Yet you sing of your vows, the heat does not burn you.

37.

Above the sun burns, below the sand burns;

Yet you sing of your vows, the heat does not burn you.

38.

The heat does not burn me, it is the heats that burn me;

O king, there are various benefits, they burn, not ardour.

39.

I saw, O sensual pleasure, your root: you are born from intention;

I shall not intend you, thus you shall not be.

40.

Even few sensual pleasures are not enough, one is not satisfied even with many;

Alas! The prattle of fools, the vigilant one should avoid.

41.

This is the fruit of a small action, Udaya has attained to greatness;

It is indeed a great gain for the young man, who went forth having abandoned sensual lust.

42.

Through austerity they abandon evil action, through austerity the state of barber and potter;

Having overcome with austerity, Gaṅgamāla, without addressing by name Brahmadatta.

43.

"Mother, see it directly visible, this is the result of patience and mildness;

He who was venerated by all people, him we venerate together with kings and ministers.

44.

Say nothing to Gaṅgamāla, who is training in the paths of the sage's silence;

For he has crossed the flood, which having crossed they live without sorrow."

The Birth Story of Gaṅgamāla, the fifth.

422.

The Birth Story of the Shrine (6)

45.

The Teaching truly when destroyed destroys, when not destroyed it destroys nothing;

Therefore do not destroy the Teaching, lest the destroyed Teaching destroy you.

46.

When one speaks falsely, the deities depart;

One's mouth emits a foul smell, and one falls from one's position;

One who knowingly, when asked a question, would explain it otherwise.

47.

If you speak the truth, O king, be as you were before;

If you speak falsely, O king, stand on the ground, O shrine.

48.

For him it rains at the wrong time, for him it does not rain at the right time;

One who knowingly, when asked a question, would explain it otherwise.

49.

If you speak the truth, O king, be as you were before;

If you speak falsely, O king, enter the ground, O shrine.

50.

His tongue is split in two, like that of a snake, O lord of regions;

One who knowingly, when asked a question, would explain it otherwise.

51.

If you speak the truth, O king, be as you were before;

If you speak falsely, O king, enter further into the ground, O shrine.

52.

He has no tongue, O lord of directions, like a fish;

One who knowingly, when asked a question, would explain it otherwise.

53.

If you speak the truth, O king, be as you were before;

If you speak falsely, O king, enter further into the ground, O shrine.

54.

Only females are born to him, no males are born in his family;

One who knowingly, when asked a question, would explain it otherwise.

55.

If you speak the truth, O king, be as you were before;

If you speak falsely, O king, enter further into the ground, O shrine.

56.

He has no sons, they depart in all directions;

One who knowingly, when asked a question, would explain it otherwise.

57.

If you speak the truth, O king, be as you were before;

If you speak falsely, O king, enter further into the ground, O shrine.

58.

That king, cursed by the sage, who formerly moved through the sky,

The deceiver entered the earth, having become low, reaching his turn.

59.

Therefore the wise do not praise going by desire;

One should speak with an uncorrupted mind, words connected with truth.

The Birth Story of the Shrine, the sixth.

423.

The Birth Story of the Faculty (7)

60.

One who through sensual pleasure, Nārada, comes under the power of the faculties;

Abandoning both worlds, while still living, dries up.

61.

After happiness comes suffering, after suffering comes happiness;

You who have gone from happiness to suffering, expect excellent happiness.

62.

In difficult times one who endures difficulty, who does not transgress difficulty;

That wise one attains happiness through difficulty, attains concentration through exertion.

63.

Not indeed through sensual pleasures are sensual pleasures, not through harm or for the sake of harm;

Not having made the Teaching void, you should not fall away from it.

64.

A skilful householder is good, and sharing food;

Without vanity in gaining benefits, untroubled by offences.

65.

This much is wisdom, so said Davila;

Nothing is worse than this, one who comes under the power of the faculties.

66.

Like into the hands of enemies, Sivi attains like me;

Action, true knowledge and skill, marriage, virtue and gentleness;

Having diminished in these and in fame, I was reborn due to my own actions.

67.

I, like one who has lost a thousand, without bonds and without destination;

Fallen away from the noble Teaching, just like a ghost am I indeed.

68.

Having caused suffering to those who desire happiness, I have reached this state;

I do not attain happiness, standing as if in the sun.

The Birth Story of the Faculty, the seventh.

424.

The Burning Birth Story (8)

69.

From a house that is burning, whatever vessel one rescues;

That is for his benefit, but not what burns there.

70.

Thus the world is set ablaze with aging and death;

One should save through giving, what is given is well saved.

71.

When a being gives a gift to one who has gained it righteously, through rising energy;

Having crossed over Yama's Vetaraṇī, that mortal reaches divine states.

72.

They say that giving and fighting are alike, even a few, being peaceful, conquer many;

If one with little faith gives even a little, by that very means he becomes happy in the next world.

73.

Having carefully chosen a gift praised by the Fortunate One, those worthy of offerings here in the living world;

Gifts given to them are of great fruit, like seeds sown in good soil.

74.

One who lives without harming living beings, does not do evil by others' assertions;

They praise the timid, not the brave in that, the peaceful do not do evil out of fear.

75.

By an inferior holy life, one is reborn as a noble;

By a middling one, as a deity, by the highest one becomes purified.

76.

Indeed giving is praised in many ways, but better than giving is the path of Teaching;

For in the past and in the more distant past, the peaceful ones with wisdom attained Nibbāna.

The Burning Birth Story, the eighth.

425.

The Birth Story of Impossibility (9)

77.

The Ganges is peaceful with lotuses, and cuckoos are conch-coloured;

The rose-apple tree would give palm fruit, then indeed that would be.

78.

When from turtle's hair, a threefold cloak would be;

A winter covering, then indeed that would be.

79.

When from mosquito's feet, a well-made tower would be;

Firm and unshakeable, then indeed that would be.

80.

When from hare's horns, a well-made ladder would be;

For ascending to heaven, then indeed that would be.

81.

When mice would climb up a ladder and eat the moon,

And would make Rāhu fall down, then indeed that would be.

82.

When flies moving in groups, having drunk a pot of liquor,

Would make their home on burning coals, then indeed that would be.

83.

When a donkey with red lips would have a beautiful face,

And be skilled in dance and song, then indeed that would be.

84.

When crows and owls would discuss in private,

And would envy each other, then indeed that would be.

85.

When from lotus stalks and leaves, an umbrella would be more stable

For protection from the rain, then indeed that would be.

86.

When a small bird would take Mount Gandhamādana

And carry it away in its beak, then indeed that would be.

87.

When a servant would take an ocean-going ship with its machinery and rigging,

And carry it away, then indeed that would be.

The Birth Story of Impossibility, the ninth.

426.

The Birth Story of the Leopard (10)

88.

Are you keeping well, are you comfortable, uncle, are you happy;

Your mother spoke of your happiness, we too wish for your happiness.

89.

Having stepped on my tail, having harmed me, goat;

Now with talk of uncle, do you think you should be freed?

90.

You are seated facing east, I came before your face;

Your tail is behind you, how could I have stepped on it?

91.

As far as the four continents extend, with their oceans and mountains;

That far extends my tail, how could you have avoided it?

92.

Mother, father, and brothers told me this before;

Long is the tail of the wicked one, I came through the air.

93.

And seeing her coming, the she-goat in the sky;

The herd of deer fled, my prey was destroyed by you.

94.

While the she-goat was lamenting thus, the flesh-eater

Crushed her throat, for the wicked one there is no good speech.

95.

For the wicked one there is neither method, nor Teaching, nor good speech;

One should apply persistence towards the wicked one, and he does not delight with the good.

The Birth Story of the Leopard, the Tenth.

The Chapter of Eight Verses is finished.

Here is its summary -

Pure and unsullied wearing robes, the king of goats' bracelet, the excellent staff;

Then the Aṅgāra shrine by the deity, then the burning Ganges by Daseḷaka.

9.

The Book of Nines

427.

The Birth Story of the Vulture (1)

1.

There was an ancient vulture path, called Parisaṅkupatha;

There were mother and father, an aged vulture supported them;

For them he brought python fat, many times over.

2.

And the father said to his son, knowing the high cliff,

Well-feathered, endowed with strength, full of heat, far-travelling.

3.

When, dear one, you know the earth floating,

Surrounded by the ocean, like a circular wheel;

Then, dear one, turn back, do not go beyond this point.

4.

You rose up with speed, a powerful bird, supreme among the twice-born,

Looking around, with curved limbs, at mountains and forests.

5.

The vulture saw the earth, as he had heard from his father's learning;

Surrounded by the ocean, like a circular wheel.

6.

And having transcended that, he went beyond the far shore;

And the sharp wind-peaks carried away the powerful bird.

7.

Having gone too far, the being could not turn back again;

The bird met with disaster, having come under the power of the high winds.

8.

His sons and wives, and others who live in dependence;

All met with disaster, the birds who did not heed the exhortation.

9.

Thus here too, one who does not understand the word of the elders;

Proud, transgressing the bounds, like a vulture who has rejected the Teaching;

That one indeed meets with disaster, not having done the elders' instruction.

The First Birth Story of the Vulture.

428.

The Birth Story of Kosambī (2)

10.

The ordinary people made a great noise, none thought themselves a fool;

When the Community was being split, they did not think of anything beyond that.

11.

Forgetful, speaking like wise ones, talking about their range of speech;

They open their mouths as they wish, not knowing what leads them on.

12.

"He abused me, he struck me, he defeated me, he robbed me";

For those who harbour such thoughts, their hatred does not subside.

13.

"He abused me, he struck me, he defeated me, he robbed me";

For those who do not harbour such thoughts, their hatred subsides.

14.

For never in this world are animosities settled by animosity;

Through non-animosity they are pacified - this is an ancient principle.

15.

Others do not understand that we are perishing here;

Those here who do understand - through that their conflicts are stilled.

16.

Those who cut bones, take lives, steal cattle and wealth;

Even those who plunder the kingdom have fellowship;

Why should you not have it?

17.

If you find an alert companion, one who lives righteously and is wise;

Overcoming all dangers, wander with him, mindful and content.

18.

If you do not find an alert companion, one who lives righteously and is wise;

Like a king abandoning a conquered realm, wander alone like a bull elephant in the forest.

19.

Better to wander alone, there is no fellowship with a fool;

Wander alone and do no evil deeds, living at ease like a bull elephant in the forest.

The Second Birth Story of Kosambī.

429.

The Birth Story of the Great Parrot (3)

20.

When a tree is laden with fruit, birds flock to it and eat;

Having known "it is dead" when the fruit has fallen, the birds go from place to place from there.

21.

Go on your journey, red-beaked one, do not die; why do you, parrot, meditate on the dead tree;

Then please tell me, you who are like spring, why do you, parrot, not abandon the dead tree.

22.

Those who are friends to friends, in death and in pleasure and pain, O goose;

Whether dead or not dead, they do not abandon it, the righteous ones recollecting the Teaching of the good.

23.

I am one of those good ones, O goose, and the tree is both my relative and friend;

For the sake of livelihood I am unable to abandon it, having known "it is dead" - this is not the Teaching.

24.

Good is what has been done by a witness, friendship and intimacy continue;

If you appreciate this Teaching, you are praiseworthy among those who cognize.

25.

So parrot, I grant you a boon, winged one who travels by flight;

Choose a boon, beautiful-limbed one, whatever you wish in your mind.

26.

If you would grant me a boon, lord goose, may this tree regain its life;

May it stand with branches, bearing fruit, fully grown, filled with honey, resplendent.

27.

See, friend, that magnificent fruit-bearer, may it be together with your fig tree;

May it stand with branches, bearing fruit, fully grown, filled with honey, resplendent.

28.

So Sakka, may you be happy, together with all your relatives;

Just as I am happy today, having seen the fruit-bearing tree.

29.

Having given the best to the parrot, and having made the tree fruitful;

He departed with his wife to Nandana, the grove of the deities.

The Third Birth Story of the Great Parrot.

430.

The Birth Story of the Little Parrot (4)

30.

There are trees with green leaves, many trees with various fruits;

Why is the parrot's mind delighting in the dry, dead tree?

31.

We enjoyed its fruit for many groups of years;

Even knowing it is fruitless, that friendship remains as before.

32.

The dead tree that gave happiness, the tree now leafless and fruitless;

Birds abandon it and go away, what fault do you see, twice-born one?

33.

Those who associate for fruit's sake abandon it when it is fruitless;

Those of foolish wisdom regarding their own good become partisan.

34.

Good is what has been done by a witness, friendship and intimacy continue;

If you appreciate this Teaching, you are praiseworthy among those who cognize.

35.

So parrot, I grant you a boon, winged one who travels by flight;

Choose a boon, beautiful-limbed one, whatever you wish in your mind.

36.

May I indeed see it, the tree with leaves and fruit;

Like a poor man who has found a treasure, I would rejoice again and again.

37.

Then taking the Deathless, he sprinkled the great tree;

Its branches grew, with cool shade that was delightful.

38.

So Sakka, may you be happy, together with all your relatives;

Just as I am happy today, having seen the fruit-bearing tree.

39.

Having given the best to the parrot, and having made the tree fruitful;

He departed with his wife to Nandana, the grove of the deities.

The Birth Story of the Little Parrot, the fourth.

431.

The Birth Story of Harita (5)

40.

I have heard this, great brahmā, Harita enjoys sensual pleasures;

Is this word hollow, do you live in purity.

41.

So it is great king, as you have heard;

I am practising the wrong path, infatuated with things that delude.

42.

Or what is the purpose of wisdom, subtle and well-reflecting;

When lust has arisen, why does the mind not dispel it.

43.

Great king, these four in the world are extremely powerful;

Lust, hatred, vanity, delusion, where wisdom finds no footing.

44.

The arahant endowed with virtue, lives purely and is serene;

Intelligent and wise indeed, thus is the venerable one esteemed by us.

45.

They harm even the intelligent ones, the sage delighting in the qualities of the Teaching;

Evil thoughts, O king, beautiful and connected with lust and peace.

46.

This lust born of the body has arisen, destroying your beauty;

Abandon that, may there be blessing for you, you are known as wise by many.

47.

Those sensual pleasures causing darkness, with much suffering and great poison;

I shall seek their root, I shall cut off lust with its bonds.

48.

Having said this, Harita, the sage with true exertion;

Having removed sensual lust, he went to the brahmā world.

The Birth Story of Harita, the fifth.

432.

The Birth Story of the Skilled-in-Words Student (6)

49.

The Ganges carries away the flowering tree, learned in various talks;

O venerable one being carried away, give me one verse.

50.

With which they sprinkle the suffering, with which they sprinkle the afflicted;

In the midst of that I shall die, fear is born from refuge.

51.

Where seeds grow, where beings are established;

That presses on my head, fear is born from refuge.

52.

By which food is cooked, by which cold is dispelled;

That burns my limbs, fear is born from refuge.

53.

By eating which many brahmins and nobles sustain themselves;

Having been consumed, that one harms me with ill will, fear is born from refuge.

54.

In the last month of the hot season, wise people wish for air;

That breaks my limbs, fear is born from refuge.

55.

Based upon which tree-going, that one releases fire;

Resort to the directions, you with twisted limbs, fear is born from refuge.

56.

The joy that I brought, garlanded and fragrant with sandalwood;

She throws me out of the house, fear is born from refuge.

57.

In whose birth I rejoiced, whose prosperity I wished for;

He throws me out of the house, fear is born from refuge.

58.

Let the country folk and townspeople who have gathered hear me;

Where there is water there is fire, where there is security there is fear.

59.

The king plunders the kingdom, and the brahmin chaplain;

Dwell guarding oneself, fear is born from refuge.

The Birth Story of the Skilled-in-Words Student Sixth.

433.

The Birth Story of Lomasakassapa (7)

60.

The king would be like Inda, forever free from aging and death;

If you would have the sage Lomasakassapa perform the sacrifice.

61.

The earth bounded by the ocean, encircled by the sea;

One should not wish for along with blame, know this as better.

62.

Curse that gain of fame, and gain of wealth, brahmin;

That livelihood through the lower world, or through unrighteous conduct.

63.

Even if taking a bowl, one wanders forth homeless;

That livelihood is better than searching through improper means.

64.

Even if taking a bowl, one wanders forth homeless;

Not harming another in the world, even with kingship they would choose that.

65.

Powerful is the moon, powerful is the sun, powerful are ascetics and brahmins;

The shore is the strength of the ocean, women are a strength beyond strength.

66.

Just as the peaceful sage Lomasakassapa, of great austerity;

For her father's sake, Candavatī made him perform the Vājapeya sacrifice.

67.

That action done through greed, bitter, caused by sensual desire;

I shall seek its root, I shall cut off lust with its bonds.

68.

Curse upon sensual pleasures though many in the world, austerity is better than cords of sensual pleasure, O king;

I shall practise austerity having abandoned sensual pleasures, let Candavatī and your kingdom be yours.

The Birth Story of Lomasakassapa, the seventh.

434.

The Birth Story of the Ruddy Goose (8)

69.

I speak of birds in ochre robes, moving about delighting in pairs;

What egg-born among human beings, what birth do they praise, tell me that now.

70.

Among human beings they call us human-harmless, devoted ruddy geese;

We are considered good among birds, beautiful as we move about the water.

71.

What fruits do you eat in the water, where do you get meat from, ruddy geese?

What food do you excellent ones eat, for your strength and beauty are of no small measure.

72.

There are no fruits in the water, crow, where would ruddy geese get meat from?

We eat moss, food without living beings, we do not do evil even for the sake of food.

73.

This does not seem right to me, ruddy goose, this appearance of food in this existence;

It was different for me before, thus uncertainty has arisen for me in this matter.

74.

I too eat meat and fruits, and food with salt and oil;

I obtain tastes among human beings, like a hero having conquered the battlefront;

But I do not have such beauty as you, ruddy goose.

75.

You eat impure food, seizing opportunities, with difficulty you obtain food and drink;

You are not satisfied with tree fruits, crow, or with the meat in the middle of the charnel ground.

76.

One who, having obtained wealth through violence, enjoys it, crow, seizing opportunities;

Then their nature reproaches them, and being reproached, they lose beauty and strength.

77.

Even if one enjoys little peace, without violence, not harming others;

Then one would have strength and beauty, for not all beauty comes from nutriment.

The Birth Story of the Ruddy Goose, the eighth.

435.

The Birth Story of Yellow Lust (9)

78.

Learning and patience in the forest, in a remote lodging;

Those who are patient in the village are more excellent than you.

79.

Having come from the forest to the village, what virtuous behaviour and what observance,

What person, dear father, should I associate with? Being asked, tell me this.

80.

One who would trust you, dear father, and whose trust you would accept,

Who is obedient and patient, associate with such a one when you go from here.

81.

One who has no wrongdoing through body, speech, and mind;

Like resting on one's chest, associate with such a one when you go from here.

82.

One who lives by the Teaching, yet living does not conceive;

One of pure action and wisdom, associate with such a one when you go from here.

83.

A mind like a monkey with turmeric-coloured lust, a person with and without lust;

Dear one, do not associate with such a one, even if he were superhuman.

84.

Like an angered venomous snake, like a great path smeared with excrement;

Avoid from afar, like vehicles avoid an uneven path.

85.

Dear one, harm increases for one who associates too much with a fool;

Do not associate with a fool, like with an enemy always.

86.

Therefore, dear one, I ask you, do my bidding;

Do not associate with a fool, for association with fools is painful.

The Birth Story of Yellow Lust, the ninth.

436.

The Birth Story of the Casket (10)

87.

Where do you three people come from, sirs? Welcome, come, sit on these seats;

I hope you are well and healthy, sirs, for it has been a long time since you came here.

88.

I alone have arrived here today, and no second person is found with me;

With reference to what did you speak thus, sage: "Where do you three people come from, sirs?"

89.

You are one and your dear wife, enclosed and hidden inside a box;

She, protected, always in your belly, delighting there together with the son of air.

90.

Agitated in appearance, answered by the sage, that demon there emerged from the box;

He saw his wife wearing pure garlands, delighting there together with the son of air.

91.

Well seen is the form by one following ascetic practice, those low people who have come under the control of women;

Just as indeed this living being was protected here, the wicked one delighted in another with me.

92.

Day and night attended by me, living in the forest like an ascetic's fire;

Having abandoned the Teaching, she practiced what is contrary to the Teaching, association with women is of the nature of non-doing.

93.

Established in the midst of the body, I was arrogant, thinking "mine", unmindful, unrestrained;

Having abandoned the Teaching, she practiced what is contrary to the Teaching, association with women is of the nature of non-doing.

94.

How can one trust thinking "It is well-guarded by me", there is no protection among those of many minds;

For these are like the abyss of the underworld, the negligent one meets with disaster here.

95.

Therefore those who are happy and free from sorrow, are those who live detached from womankind;

Aspiring for this supreme blessing, one should not make association with womankind.

The Birth Story of the Casket, the tenth.

437.

The Birth Story of the Rotten Flesh (11)

96.

Friend, I do not approve of looking at rotten flesh;

From such a companion, one should avoid from afar.

97.

This braided woman is mad, she praises her husband's friend;

She gazed at the mother of the ram as she was coming.

98.

Friend, you are indeed mad, foolish, lacking vision,

You who, making attachment to death, look about at the wrong time.

99.

The wise person should not look about at the wrong time, should look at the right time;

Like rotten flesh one burns who looks about at the wrong time.

100.

Friend, may it be dear to me, give me a full bowl;

My husband has been brought back to life, you would come, dear questioner.

101.

Friend, may it be dear to you, I give you a full bowl;

With a great retinue, I will come, prepare the meal.

102.

What kind is your retinue, for whom I shall prepare the meal;

And what are all their names? Being asked, tell me this.

103.

Māliya and Caturakkha and Piṅgiya and then Jambuka;

Such is my retinue, prepare the meal for them.

104.

When one has left the house, even possessions perish;

I would speak of the friend's health, stay right here, do not go.

The Birth Story of the Rotten Flesh, the eleventh.

438.

The Daddara Birth Story (12)

105.

Who ate your innocent little ones, after being given food;

On him set your fangs, do not let him escape alive.

106.

A person full of cruelty, like a nurse's cloth stained;

I do not see a place where I should set my fangs.

107.

For an ungrateful person, always looking for faults,

Even if one were to give him the whole earth, one would not satisfy him.

108.

Why, Subāhu, have you returned so hurriedly with the youth;

What purpose and goal do you have here? Tell me this meaning when asked.

109.

Your friend Daddara who is righteous in form, I suspect his death today;

Having heard the bases of action of a person, I do not think Daddara is happy today.

110.

What were his bases of action, for a person's means of livelihood;

Or hearing what promise of a person, do you suspect Daddara with the youth.

111.

He frequented Kaliṅga, practised trading, frequented the bamboo-worker's path and the difficult path;

He practised with dancers along with rope-dancers, and fighting with sticks in the middle of festivals.

112.

Birds were trapped with measured grain, dice games were won, self-control was transgressed;

The previous was taken away at midnight, hands were burnt by receiving almsfood.

113.

Those were his bases of action, for a person's means of livelihood;

Just as this ball of hair is seen, what of the slain cows of Daddara?

The Daddara Birth Story, the Twelfth.

The Book of Nines is concluded.

Here is its summary -

The noble vulture, the gathering, the excellent swan, the one named after treasure, Hārita, Pāṭali;

The ageless immortal, the crow, the patient one, from where, then the twelfth watching of Daddara.

10.

The Book of Tens

439.

The Four Gates Birth Story (1)

1.

This city has four gates, with iron strong ramparts;

I am confined and imprisoned, what evil was done by me?

2.

All gates are closed, I am confined like a bird;

For what reason, spirit, am I struck down by the wheel?

3.

Having received a hundred and twenty thousand,

I did not heed the words of compassionate relatives, friend.

4.

I leapt and plunged into the ocean, going to sea unsuccessfully;

From four he got to eight, and from eight to sixteen.

5.

From sixteen to thirty-two, through excessive desire he encountered the wheel;

For a person struck by desire, the wheel revolves on his head.

6.

Desires above are hard to fill, desire leads to dispersion;

Those who are greedy for it become bearers of the wheel.

7.

Having abandoned much wealth, not having examined the path;

Those for whom this is not reckoned, they become bearers of the wheel.

8.

One should examine action and abundant wealth, should not pursue desire connected with harm;

One should follow the word of those with compassion, such a wheel one should not transgress.

9.

How long indeed, O spirit, will the wheel remain on my head;

How many thousands of years? Being asked, tell me this.

10.

"Excess and regress, Mittavinda listen to me;

The wheel fixed on your head, you will not free that soul."

The Four Gates Birth Story First.

440.

The Kaṇha Birth Story (2)

11.

"Dark indeed is this person, dark is the food he eats;

In a dark region of the earth, he is not dear to my mind.

12.

"One is not dark by skin, for a brahmin has inner substance;

In whom there are evil actions, he indeed is dark, O Lord of Deities.

13.

"In this well-spoken by you, properly and beautifully stated;

I give you a boon, brahmin, whatever you wish in your mind.

14.

If you give me a boon, Sakka, lord of all beings;

To be free from anger, free from hatred, free from greed, in my livelihood;

I wish to be free from attachment, these are my four boons.

15.

What danger do you see in anger, hatred, greed and attachment, brahmin?

Tell me this when asked.

16.

Starting small, it grows great; born of intolerance, it increases;

Clinging brings much despair, therefore I do not delight in anger.

17.

Harsh speech of the corrupt one, grasping follows immediately;

From there the hand, from there the stick, the highest destination of the teacher;

Hatred arises from anger, therefore I do not delight in hatred.

18.

Forceful taking of food, deception and frauds;

Are seen in states of greed, therefore I do not delight in greed.

19.

The knots bound by affection, many mind-made ones lie;

They severely torment, therefore I do not delight in affection.

20.

"In this well-spoken by you, properly and beautifully stated;

I give you a boon, brahmin, whatever you wish in your mind.

21.

If you give me a boon, Sakka, lord of all beings;

While dwelling in the forest, always living alone;

May no afflictions arise, making severe obstacles.

22.

"In this well-spoken by you, properly and beautifully stated;

I give you a boon, brahmin, whatever you wish in your mind.

23.

If you give me a boon, Sakka, lord of all beings;

May neither mind nor body, Sakka, of anyone on my account,

Ever be harmed - this, Sakka, is the boon I choose."

The Second Kaṇha Story.

441.

The Birth Story About the Four Observance Days (3)

24.

One who does not get angry at the irritating, a superior person never gets angry;

Even when angered he does not show anger, that person they call a recluse in the world.

25.

One with empty belly who endures hunger, tamed, austere, moderate in food and drink;

Does not do evil for the sake of food, that person they call a recluse in the world.

26.

Having abandoned all amusement and delight, you speak nothing false in the world;

Abstaining from adornment and sexual intercourse, that person they call a recluse in the world.

27.

One who, having fully understood, abandons all possession and states of greed;

Tamed, stable, without mine-making, without desire, that person they call a recluse in the world.

28.

We ask the creator of incomparable wisdom, a dispute has arisen in our discussions;

Cut off perplexity and doubts today, may we all cross over our doubts today.

29.

Those wise ones who see the goal, they speak carefully at the right time;

How then would the wholesome kings draw out the meaning of unspoken discussions?

30.

How indeed does the king of dragons speak, and what does the Garuḷa, son of Vinatā say;

And what does the king of gandhabbas say, and how does the supreme king of the Kurus speak?

31.

The king of dragons speaks of patience, the Garuḷa, son of Vinatā of little food;

The king of gandhabbas of abandoning delight, the supreme king of the Kurus of owning nothing.

32.

All these are well spoken, there is nothing ill-spoken here;

And where these are established, they are well fixed like spokes in a hub;

Endowed with four qualities, that person they call a recluse in the world.

33.

For you are the best, you are unsurpassed, you are knower of the Teaching, expert in the Teaching, wise;

Having grasped the question with wisdom, the wise one cut off uncertainties;

Cut off perplexity and uncertainties, as Cunda cuts ivory with a saw.

34.

This robe, with the light of a blue lotus, stainless, priceless, smoke-coloured,

Pleased with the answering of the question, I give to you, wise one, as an offering to the Teaching.

35.

A golden garland blooming with a hundred petals, with stamens adorned with a thousand gems;

Pleased with the answering of the question, I give to you, wise one, as an offering to the Teaching.

36.

A priceless jewel, beautiful and luminous, hanging at my neck, adorned with gems;

Pleased with the answering of the question, I give to you, wise one, as an offering to the Teaching.

37.

A thousand cattle and a bull elephant, and these ten chariots yoked with thoroughbreds;

Pleased with the answering of the question, I give to you sixteen excellent villages.

38.

Sāriputta was then the bull elephant, and Kolita was the supaṇṇa;

Anuruddha was the king of gandhabbas, the wise Ānanda was the king;

And Vidhura was the bodhisatta, thus remember the birth story.

The Third Birth Story About the Four Observance Days.

442.

The Birth Story About the Term (4)

39.

You are learned, Saṅkha, having heard the Teaching, and you have seen ascetics and brahmins;

Yet at an inopportune moment you show lamentation, who else but me could be your counsellor.

40.

Beautiful, lovely, with well-fitted golden ornaments, holding up a golden bowl;

She says to me "Eat the food," full of faith, but I say no to her.

41.

O brahmin, seeing such a yakkha, a person desiring happiness would ask;

Rise up and ask her with reverential salutation, are you a deity or a human?

42.

When you look at me with happiness, you say to me "Eat the food";

I ask you, lady of great power, are you a deity or a human?

43.

I am a deity of great power, Saṅkha, come here in the midst of the ocean waters;

Out of compassion and with a mind not corrupt, I have come here for your benefit.

44.

Food and drink and lodging here, Saṅkha, and various kinds of vehicles;

I shall provide you with all, whatever your mind desires.

45.

Whatever has been sacrificed and offered by me, you are the master of it all, O fair one;

With beautiful thighs, beautiful eyebrows and a slender waist - of what action is this the result?

46.

On a hot path, brahmin, to a single monk with blistered feet, thirsty and weary;

You gave a pair of sandals, that offering today yields what you desire.

47.

Let that be a boat equipped with planks, uncorrupted, fitted with rudder and wind;

There is no ground here for another vehicle, take me, the woman with hair-knot, today itself.

48.

There she was prosperous, happy and delighted, having created a beautifully decorated boat;

Taking the brahmin along with the man, she brought them to the delightful city.

The Fourth Birth Story About the Term.

443.

The Birth Story About the Minor Enlightenment (5)

49.

Who by force would take away from you this wide-eyed one, dear one, speaking pleasantly;

What would you do, brahmin?

50.

Should it arise in me it would not be released, it would not be released while I live;

Like dust by abundant rain, quickly indeed I would restrain it.

51.

What you formerly boasted about, as if relying on strength;

Now today you sit silent, sewing your outer robe.

52.

It arose in me and was not released, it was not released while I lived;

Like dust by abundant rain, quickly indeed I restrained it.

53.

What arose in you and was not released, what was not released while you lived;

Like dust by abundant rain, which one did you restrain?

54.

When born one does not see, when unborn one sees well;

That arose in me and was not released - anger, the resort of the unwise.

55.

When one is born, enemies seeking suffering rejoice;

That arose in me and was not released - anger, the resort of the unwise.

56.

When one is being born, one does not understand one's own good;

That arose in me and was not released - anger, the resort of the unwise.

57.

Overcome by which one abandons the wholesome, and vast good for others;

That mighty one, powerful and crushing - anger, great king, was not released from me.

58.

When wood is being churned, what is called fire is born;

It burns that very wood from which that fire is born.

59.

Thus from rivalry anger is born in a slow person, a fool who does not understand;

He too is burned by that very thing.

60.

Like a fire among grass and wood, anger increases in whom;

His fame diminishes, like the moon in the dark fortnight.

61.

Like a fire-banner without fuel, anger is pacified in whom;

His fame increases, like the moon in the bright fortnight.

The Birth Story About the Minor Enlightenment, the fifth.

444.

The Birth Story About Kaṇhadīpāyana (6)

62.

For just seven days with a bright mind, seeking merit, I lived the holy life;

And then there was this practice of mine for more than fifty years;

Indeed I practice without desire, by this truth may there be well-being;

Let the poison be destroyed and Yaññadatta live.

63.

Since I never sought delight in giving, when I saw a guest at the time for lodging;

And the learned ascetics and brahmins did not know any unpleasantness from me.

Indeed I give without desire, by this truth may there be well-being;

Let the poison be destroyed and Yaññadatta live.

64.

Dear, the venomous snake of great heat, which bit you rising with force;

And today there is no distinction in my unpleasantness towards it and towards your father;

By this truth may there be well-being, let the poison be destroyed and Yaññadatta live.

65.

The peaceful and self-controlled wander forth, except for the dark one there are no forms of sensual pleasure;

Dīpāyana, being disgusted with what, do you live the holy life unwillingly?

66.

Having gone forth out of faith and returned again, he is indeed like a dumb-mute fool;

Being disgusted with such a doctrine, I live the holy life unwillingly;

This is a state praised by the wise and the good, thus I become one who makes merit.

67.

You satisfy ascetics, brahmins and travellers with food and drink as alms;

This house of yours is like a public well, filled with food and drink;

Then being disgusted with what doctrine do you give this gift unwillingly?

68.

My fathers and grandfathers were faithful, generous givers and generous in speech;

Following that family custom, may I not be the last of the family line;

Being disgusted with such a doctrine, I give this gift unwillingly.

69.

O beautiful lady, when I brought you, a young maiden of immature wisdom, from your family;

And you did not know any unpleasantness from me, except when attending to sensual pleasures;

Then for what reason, my lady, was our living together of such a nature?

70.

Far away, never here exists, what is called family tradition in this clan;

Following that family custom, may I not be the last one in the clan to have that odour;

Being disgusted with this doctrine, unwillingly I follow you.

71.

Maṇḍabya, what I should not have spoken I spoke, may that be forgiven today for my son's sake;

There is no affection for a son like this here or beyond, this Yaññadatta lives for us.

The Birth Story About Kaṇhadīpāyana, the sixth.

445.

The Birth Story About Nigrodha (7)

72.

I do not know this, who this is or whose he is;

As Sākha behaved thus, Nigrodha, what do you think?

73.

Then being disciplined by the neck, people dragged me out;

Giving blows to the face, doing Sākha's bidding.

74.

Such an evil deed was done by the foolish one, the ungrateful betrayer;

An ignoble act done by your friend, the companion, O ruler.

75.

I do not know this, nor did anyone praise it to me;

What you have told me, friend, about the deed done by the companion.

76.

Making a living with companions, both for me and my companion;

You will be our giver of authority, greatness among human beings;

These spiritual powers are obtained through you, of this I have no doubt.

77.

Just as a seed in fire, burns and does not grow;

Thus done to an untrue man, it perishes and does not grow.

78.

But to a grateful person, virtuous, of noble conduct;

Like seeds in a good field, what is done for him does not perish.

79.

This wretch, this deceiver, this thinker of bad thoughts;

Let them strike his branch with spears, I do not wish his life.

80.

Forgive him great king, beings are not to be brought back;

Forgive, O king, the untrue man, I do not wish his death.

81.

One should resort only to the banyan tree, should not dwell near a branch;

Better to die by the banyan tree than life by a branch.

The Seventh Birth Story About Nigrodha.

446.

The Birth Story About Takkala (8)

82.

"There are no takkalas, no aluvas, no biḷalis, no kaḷambas, dear one;

Alone in the forest in the middle of a cemetery, dear one, for what purpose are you digging a pit?"

83.

"Dear one, your grandfather is very weak, afflicted with suffering from many diseases;

Today I will bury him in a pit, for I do not like his life."

84.

"This is an evil intention you have received, you are doing a cruel and extremely harmful action;

Dear one, you too will receive from me the same kind of action when overcome by aging;

Following that family custom, I too will bury you in a pit."

85.

Using harsh speech, having attacked me you speak, O prince;

Being my own son, you are one who has compassion for my harm, son.

86.

Dear father, I am not one who has compassion for your harm, I have compassion for your welfare, dear father;

When you are doing that evil action, I am right to restrain you from it.

87.

O wealthy one, whoever, being of evil nature, harms his blameless mother or father,

With the breaking up of the body in the hereafter, undoubtedly he goes to hell.

88.

O wealthy one, whoever attends to his mother or father with food and drink;

With the breaking up of the body in the hereafter, undoubtedly he goes to a good destination.

89.

You are not, my son, concerned with my harm, you are concerned with my welfare, son;

And when I am being told by my mother, I do such a cruel deed.

90.

That wife of yours who is ignoble, she is my own birth mother;

Drive her away from your house, she would bring you other suffering too.

91.

That wife of yours who is ignoble, she is my own birth mother;

Like a tamed female elephant led to wealth, may that evil-natured one be reborn again.

The Birth Story About Takkala, the Eighth.

447.

The Great Birth Story About Dhammapāla (9)

92.

"What was your vow, what was your holy life, of what well-practiced deed is this the result;

Explain this meaning to me, brahmin, why do your young ones not die.

93.

"We practice the Teaching, we do not speak falsely, we avoid evil actions;

We avoid all that is ignoble, therefore our young ones do not die.

94.

"We listen to the Teaching of the bad and the good, but we do not delight in the Teaching of the bad;

Having abandoned the bad, we do not forsake the good, therefore our young ones do not die.

95.

We are glad before giving, while giving too we are indeed delighted;

Even after giving we indeed do not regret later, therefore our young ones do not die.

96.

Towards ascetics, brahmins and travellers, towards mendicants, beggars and the poor;

We satisfy them with food and drink, therefore our young ones do not die.

97.

We do not transgress against our wives, and our wives do not transgress against us;

Apart from them we live the holy life, therefore our young ones do not die.

98.

We all abstain from the destruction of life, we avoid what is not given in the world;

We do not drink intoxicants nor speak falsely, therefore our young ones do not die.

99.

Indeed in these excellent ones are born those who are wise, who have abundant wisdom;

We are learned and masters of the ancient Indian scriptures, therefore our young ones do not die.

100.

Mother and father and sister and brothers, and sons and wives and all of us;

We live by the Teaching for the sake of the world beyond, therefore our young ones do not die.

101.

Male slaves and female slaves and dependents, and all attendants and workers;

Live by the Teaching for the sake of the world beyond, therefore our young ones do not die.

102.

The Teaching truly protects one who lives by the Teaching, the Teaching well-practised brings happiness;

This is the benefit of the Teaching well-practised, one who lives by the Teaching does not go to a bad destination.

103.

The Teaching truly protects one who lives by the Teaching, like a great umbrella in the rainy season;

Protected by the Teaching my Dhammapāla, a happy boy, has bones unlike others.

The Great Birth Story About Dhammapāla, the ninth.

448.

The Birth Story of the Cock (10)

104.

Do not trust one who has done evil, do not trust one who speaks falsely;

Do not trust one who is wise only for oneself, do not trust even the extremely peaceful.

105.

There are some persons, who are like cattle-thieves,

They seem to devour friends, by speech but not by action.

106.

With empty reverential salutations raised, wrapped in mere speech,

Do not sit with worthless human beings in whom there is no gratitude.

107.

For among women or men with fickle minds,

Having made various bonds, one should not trust even such a one.

108.

Descended into unwholesome action, and then this destroyer of all,

Like a hidden sharp weapon, one should not trust even such a one.

109.

Some here in the guise of friends, with friendliness but without heart,

Engage in various ways, one should not trust even such a one.

110.

Wherever such a one sees material things or wealth,

The foolish one acts treacherously, and having destroyed it, goes away.

111.

Many beings in the guise of friends, concealed, associate,

One should abandon these low people, like a rooster the hawk.

112.

One who does not quickly understand a matter that has arisen,

Comes under the power of enemies, and later feels remorse.

113.

But one who quickly understands a matter that has arisen,

Is freed from enemy's confinement, like a rooster from a hawk;

114.

Such a one, like a trap set in the forest, unrighteous and always causing destruction,

A wise person should avoid from afar, as a rooster avoids a hawk in a bamboo grove.

The Birth Story of the Cock, the tenth.

449.

The Birth Story of Polished Earrings (11)

115.

Adorned with polished earrings, wearing garlands, smeared with sandalwood paste;

Raising your arms you weep, what troubles you in the midst of the forest.

116.

A golden luminous chariot frame has arisen for me;

I cannot find a pair of wheels for it, due to that suffering I am giving up my life.

117.

Made of gold, made of jewels, made of metal, or made of silver;

Tell me and I will make you a chariot, I will provide you with that pair of wheels.

118.

That young man said to him, "The sun and moon are both shining here;

My chariot is made of gold, it shines with that pair of wheels.

119.

You are indeed a fool, young man, who yearns for what cannot be yearned for;

I think you will die, for you will not obtain the sun and moon.

120.

Coming and going is seen, and the element of beauty on both sides of the paths;

But a ghost is not seen at all, who indeed among those who weep is more foolish.

121.

You speak truly, young man, I am indeed the more foolish among those who weep;

Like a child crying for the moon, I yearned for one who has died, become a ghost.

122.

Being ablaze indeed, like a fire doused with ghee;

Like with water, one would extinguish all anguish.

123.

Indeed you pulled out the dart that was lodged in my heart;

You who, when I was overcome with sorrow, dispelled my sorrow for my son.

124.

I have had the dart pulled out, free from sorrow, untroubled;

I do not sorrow, I do not weep, having heard you, young man.

The Birth Story of Polished Earrings, the eleventh.

450.

The Birth Story of Cat Kosiya (12)

125.

Even when cooking, good people wish to share when they receive food;

What sort of person are you who, while cooking, would not give? That is not righteous.

126.

Through selfishness and negligence, thus giving is not given;

For one desiring merit, gifts should be given by one who understands.

127.

That very thing which the miserly one fears when not giving, that fear comes to the one who does not give;

Hunger and thirst, which the miserly one fears;

That very foolishness touches one, in this world and the next.

128.

Therefore, removing selfishness, one who overcomes stains should give gifts;

Merits in the next world become the support for living beings.

129.

When giving what is hard to give, doing deeds that are hard to do;

The bad do not follow suit - the good people's way is hard to follow.

130.

Therefore the destinations of the good and bad differ from here:

The bad go to hell, while the good are destined for heaven.

131.

Some give from little, many do not give from much;

A gift given from little is measured equal to a thousand.

132.

One should practise righteousness even while gathering grass, supporting one's wife and giving even when there is little;

A hundred thousand sacrificers, are not worth a sixteenth part of one such as he.

133.

How is this sacrifice extensive and exalted, not worth that given by the righteous;

How is it that a hundred thousand sacrificers, are not worth a sixteenth part of one such as he.

134.

Some give while established in unrighteousness, having cut, killed and caused grief;

That offering given with tears and punishment, not worth that given by the righteous;

Thus, of a hundred thousand sacrificers, are not worth a sixteenth part of one such as he.

The Birth Story of Cat Kosiya, the twelfth.

451.

The Birth Story of the Ruddy Goose (13)

135.

You are beautiful and handsome, solid with grown red;

Ruddy goose, you are well-formed, with clear faculties.

136.

The pāṭhīna fish, the monsoon fish, the balaja fish, the red muñja fish;

Seated on the bank of the Ganges, thus you eat your food.

137.

I do not eat these, nor the water from the wilderness;

Except for moss and water plants, that is my food, friend.

138.

I do not believe this is the food of a ruddy goose;

I too, friend, eat salty and oily food in the village.

139.

Food prepared among human beings, clean and sprinkled with meat sauce;

But I do not have such beauty as you, ruddy goose.

140.

Seeing animosity in yourself, harming the human generation,

Terrified and frightened you eat, therefore such is your beauty.

141.

You are opposed to the whole world, raven, due to evil action;

The food received does not nourish, therefore such is your beauty.

142.

I too, friend, eat, not harming all living beings;

Living at ease, free from anxiety, sorrowless and free from fear.

143.

So exert your power, overcome your nature,

Live in the world with non-violence, you will be dear like me.

144.

One who neither kills nor causes to kill, neither conquers nor causes to conquer;

With loving-kindness towards all beings, has no animosity with anyone.

The Birth Story of the Ruddy Goose, the thirteenth.

452.

The Birth Story of the One with Vast Wisdom (14)

145.

Is it true, O one of vast wisdom, that such fortune, steadfastness and intelligence;

Do not protect one brought under the power of existence, you who eat barley with little soup.

146.

Bringing happiness to maturity through suffering, from time to time investigating, concealed by desire;

Opening the doors of the goal, therefore I am satisfied with cleansing.

147.

And knowing the time for striving forth, having brought the goal to maturity through reflection;

I will stretch like a lion's stretch, by that spiritual power you will see me again.

148.

Some who are happy do not do evil, and others out of fear of bonding with blame;

Being capable and of extensive reflection, for what reason do you not cause me suffering?

149.

The wise do not perform evil actions for the sake of their own happiness;

Though afflicted with suffering and stumbling, the peaceful do not abandon the Teaching through desire or hatred.

150.

By whatever praise, whether gentle or harsh;

One should lift up one's miserable self, afterwards practise the Teaching.

151.

In whose tree's shade, one might sit or lie down;

One should not break its branch, for betrayal of a friend is evil.

152.

When a person would understand the Teaching, and the peaceful ones who remove their perplexity;

That is their light and destination, a wise person should not let that friendship deteriorate.

153.

A lazy householder enjoying sensual pleasures is not good, an unrestrained monk is not good;

A king who acts without reflection is not good, a wise person who is prone to anger - that is not good.

154.

The noble one should act with reflection, the lord of the regions not without reflection;

O king, for one who acts with reflection, fame and renown increase.

The Birth Story of the One with Vast Wisdom, the fourteenth.

453.

The Birth Story of the Great Auspicious Rites (15)

155.

What should a person recite at the time of mastery, which true knowledge or which learning;

How should that mortal act in this world and the next, to be protected with well-being.

156.

For whom deities and all ancestors, and all serpents and all beings too;

Are always honoured with loving-kindness, that they say is well-being among beings.

157.

Who is humble towards all the world, towards women and men together with their families;

Patient with harsh speech, speaking without hostility, endurance they say is well-being.

158.

Who does not despise friends and companions, through skill, family, wealth, or birth;

Wise in personal preference, intelligent at the right time, among companions they say that is well-being.

159.

For whom friends are peaceful beings, trustworthy and not deceiving;

Not betraying friends, sharing wealth, among friends they say that is well-being.

160.

Whose wife is of equal age, in concord, devoted, loving the Teaching, having borne children;

A woman of good family, virtuous, faithful to husband, among wives they say that is well-being.

161.

When the king, lord of beings, of great fame, knows one's purity and exertion;

Being undivided, good-hearted towards me, among kings they say that is well-being.

162.

One with faith gives food and drink, and garlands and odours and ointments;

With a clear mind, rejoicing, among heavens they say that is well-being.

163.

What the elders purify through the noble Teaching, the peaceful ones pleased with righteous conduct;

The learned sages who are virtuous, said this blessing among the Accomplished Ones.

164.

These indeed are the blessings in the world, praised by the wise, bringing happiness;

A wise person should pursue these here, for there is no truth in auspicious rites.

The Birth Story of the Great Auspicious Rites, the Fifteenth.

454.

The Birth Story of the Wise Ghaṭa (16)

165.

Get up, Dark One! Why do you lie there? What good is there in sleeping for you?

He who is your own brother, your heart and right eye;

The winds blow upon him, Ghaṭa mutters, O Kesava.

166.

Having heard those words of Rohiṇeyya, Kesava,

Quickly arose, afflicted with sorrow for his brother.

167.

"Why, like one deranged, throughout this Dvāraka,

Do you mutter 'hare, hare'? Who brought you a hare?

168.

Made of gold, made of jewels, made of metal, or made of silver;

Made of conch, stone or coral, I will have a hare made for you.

169.

"There are other hares too, that range in forest and woods;

I will bring them to you, what kind of hare do you wish?"

170.

I do not wish for those rabbits that depend on earth;

I wish for the rabbit from the moon, bring that down for me, O Kesava.

171.

Surely then you will lose your sweet life;

You who wish for what is unattainable, desiring the rabbit from the moon.

172.

If you know thus, O Kaṇha, as you instruct another;

Why do you still grieve today for your dead son?

173.

What cannot be obtained by a human being, nor by a nonhuman being;

'May my son who is born not die' - how can one obtain what is unobtainable?

174.

Neither by spells, root medicines, medicinal herbs, nor by wealth;

It is possible to bring back, O Dark One, the ghost whom you lament.

175.

One who would have such ministers, wise persons;

As today the wise person would convince.

176.

Being ablaze indeed, like a fire doused with ghee;

Like with water, one would extinguish all anguish.

177.

Indeed you pulled out the dart that was lodged in my heart;

You who, when I was overcome with sorrow, dispelled my sorrow for my son.

178.

I have had the dart pulled out, free from sorrow, untroubled;

I do not sorrow, I do not weep, having heard you, young man.

179.

Thus do the wise who are compassionate act;

They turn him away from sorrow, as Ghaṭa did his elder brother.

The Birth Story of the Wise Ghaṭa, the Sixteenth.

The Book of Tens is finished.

Here is its summary -

Daḷha, Kaṇha, Dhanañjaya, Saṅkhavara, Raja, Sattaha, and Kassa with Takkalinā;

Teaching, Kukkuṭa, Kuṇḍali, Bhojanadā, Cakkavāka, Subhūrisa, Sotthi, and Ghaṭa.

11.

Book of Elevens

455.

The Birth Story of the Mother's Provider (1)

1.

In that dragon's absence, there grew sallakī and kuṭaja trees;

Kuruvinda and oleander, tisasāma, and kaṇikāra trees bloomed in the shelter.

2.

Some with golden ornaments feed the dragon king with alms;

Where the king or prince will put on armor fearlessly.

3.

Take the morsel, dragon, do not become thin, dragon;

Many royal duties, those you will do, dragon.

4.

Surely that poor woman, blind and without a guide;

Strikes her foot against a stump, falls down the fierce and terrible mountain.

5.

Who is that, great dragon, blind and without a guide;

Strikes her foot against a stump, falls down the fierce and terrible mountain.

6.

That is my mother, great king, blind and without a guide;

Strikes her foot against a stump, falls down the fierce and terrible mountain.

7.

Release this great dragon, who supports his mother;

May the dragon be united with his mother, together with all his relatives.

8.

Released from bondage the dragon, the tusker taking the freed one;

After letting her breathe for a moment, went to where the mountain was.

9.

Then he went to the lotus pond, cool and frequented by elephants;

Taking water with his trunk, he sprinkled his mother.

10.

What ignoble deity is this, raining even at the wrong time;

Gone is my son born to me, who was my caretaker.

11.

Get up mother! Why do you lie there? I, your son, have come;

I am freed by the glorious king of Kāsi, the Videhan.

12.

May that king live long, the one who increases the kingdom of Kāsi;

You who released my son, always honouring the elders.

The Birth Story of the Mother's Provider First.

456.

The Birth Story of the Moonlight (2)

13.

Listen to my word, lord of people, I have come here to the moonlight with a purpose;

When brahmins and travellers are standing by, one should not go, O supreme lord of humans.

14.

I listen and stand, speak O Brahmā, for what purpose have you come here;

What purpose do you seek from me, pray tell me this, O Brahmā.

15.

Give me five excellent villages, a hundred slave-women, seven hundred cattle;

More than a thousand gold coins, and give me two wives of equal status.

16.

Is your austerity, brahmin, of terrifying form, is your wisdom, brahmin, of varied form;

Are there any obedient spirits of yours, or do you directly know my purpose to be done?

17.

I have no austerity nor wisdom, and I have no obedient spirits;

I do not directly know your purpose to be done, previously there was just a meeting.

18.

This is the first sight of one who knows me, I do not recognize you from before;

Tell me this meaning when asked, when and where was our meeting?

19.

In the delightful city of the Gandhāra king, we lived in Takkasilā, deity;

In that darkness and gloom, we brushed shoulders with shoulders.

20.

Standing there, O king of people, we both exchanged cordial greetings there;

That was our only meeting, neither after nor before that was there another.

21.

Whenever, O Brahmā, among humans there is a meeting with a good person;

The wise do not destroy their acquaintances and friendships, nor what was done before.

22.

But fools destroy their acquaintances and friendships, and what was done before;

Much that is done for fools perishes, for such is the nature of fools to be ungrateful.

23.

But the wise do not destroy their acquaintances and friendships, nor what was done before;

Even a little done for the wise does not perish, for such is the nature of the wise to be grateful.

24.

I give you five excellent villages, a hundred slave-women, seven hundred cattle;

More than a thousand gold coins, and I give you two wives of equal status.

25.

Thus it is when the good meet, O king, like the moon, king of stars among the stars;

The lord of Kāsi is fulfilled and so am I, today I have gained a meeting with you.

The Birth Story of the Moonlight, the second.

457.

The Birth Story of the Deity of the Teaching (3)

26.

I am one who brings fame and creates merit, always praised by ascetics and brahmins;

Worthy of the path, honoured by deities and humans, I am the Teaching - give way, non-teaching.

27.

Having mounted firmly the vehicle of non-teaching, fearless I am powerful;

For what reason should I give you today, I the Teaching, the path never given before.

28.

Indeed the Teaching appeared first, afterwards non-teaching arose in the world;

The eldest and the best and the eternal, depart younger one from the path of the eldest.

29.

Not by begging nor by being worthy, not being proper would I give you the path;

Let there be battle between us two today, the path will belong to whoever wins in battle.

30.

I have spread in all directions, of great strength, of immeasurable fame, incomparable;

Endowed with all qualities, how will you, non-teaching, defeat the Teaching.

31.

Gold is struck with iron, gold does not strike iron;

If unrighteousness were to strike righteousness today, it would be like iron appearing as gold.

32.

If you, unrighteousness, are strong in battle, you have no elders and respected ones;

I give you the path with what is liked and disliked, I am patient with your harsh speech too.

33.

Having heard this word, unrighteousness fell headlong, feet upward;

"If desiring battle I do not get battle," by this much unrighteousness is defeated.

34.

The one strong in patience, having conquered battle-strength, having slain unrighteousness, having thrown it to the ground,

Proceeded delighted, mounting the chariot, by the path itself, mighty with truth and endeavour.

35.

Mother, father, and ascetics and brahmins, who are not honoured in one's own home;

Having laid down the bodily frame here itself, with the breaking up of the body, they go to hell;

Just as non-teaching falls headlong downward.

36.

Mother, father, and ascetics and brahmins, who are well honoured in one's own home;

Having laid down the bodily frame here itself, with the breaking up of the body, they go to a good destination;

Just as the Teaching rises up to move forward.

The Birth Story of the Deity of the Teaching, the Third.

458.

The Birth Story of Udaya (4)

37.

She sits alone, pure, with controlled thighs, having ascended the palace, with faultless limbs;

I beseech you, with eyes like a celestial being, let us both dwell together for this one night.

38.

Surrounded by moats all around, with strong towers and gateways;

Guarded by sword-wielding men, this city is difficult to enter.

39.

For one who is young and youthful, no access is found;

Then for what reason do you desire an encounter with me?

40.

I am a spirit, beautiful one, I have come to your presence;

Please delight me, good lady, I will give you a full bowl.

41.

Whether deity, spirit, or human being, I do not wish for another beyond my husband;

Just go, O spirit of great power, and having gone, do not return again.

42.

That which is the highest delight of those who enjoy sensual pleasures, for which reason beings follow an unrighteous course;

Do not let your delight be lost in what is pure for you, I shall give you a bowl full of silver.

43.

A man persuades a woman with wealth, he exalts where he makes his desire;

Your divine nature is contrary, you are going against what is directly seen with very little.

44.

Life span and beauty in the human world, deteriorate for humans with beautiful bodies;

By that very beauty your wealth too, deteriorates as you are more aged today.

45.

Thus as I observe, glorious princess;

Your beauty deteriorates, with the passing of days and nights.

46.

At this very age, wise princess;

You should live the holy life, you would become more beautiful.

47.

Deities do not age like human beings, wrinkles do not appear on their limbs;

I ask you, spirit of great power, how is the bodily form of deities?

48.

Deities do not age like human beings, wrinkles do not appear on their limbs;

Day after day they become even more beautiful, and their divine beauty and pleasures are extensive.

49.

Why here are many people frightened, and the path is explained as having many bases;

I ask you, spirit of great power, standing in what does one not fear the next world?

50.

Having rightly directed speech and mind, not doing evil with the body,

Living in a house with abundant food and drink, faithful, gentle, sharing and generous in speech;

Inclusive, friendly, gentle in speech, standing in this one does not fear the next world.

51.

You instruct me, spirit, like a mother, like a father;

I ask about your splendid beauty, who are you of excellent height.

52.

I am Udaya, beautiful one, come here at twilight;

Let me address you and go, I am freed from your twilight.

53.

If you are indeed Udaya, come here at twilight;

Instruct me, prince, so that there may be a meeting again.

54.

Life and moments pass away just so, there is no stable state, beings pass away;

The unstable body decays, Udaya, do not be negligent, practise the Teaching.

55.

The entire earth filled with wealth, might belong to just one, not to be shared with another;

One who has not removed lust abandons even that, Udaya, do not be negligent, practise the Teaching.

56.

Mother and father and brothers, and even a wife who is bought with wealth;

They too abandon one another, Udaya, do not be negligent, practise the Teaching.

57.

Having known that the body is food for others, and the good and bad destinations in the round of rebirths;

Having known it is a temporary abode, Udaya, do not be negligent, practise the Teaching.

58.

Well does this spirit speak, brief is the life of mortals;

Difficult and brief, and it is joined with suffering;

I alone shall go forth, having abandoned Kāsi, the well-fortified.

The Birth Story of Udaya, the Fourth.

459.

The Water Birth Story (5)

59.

A friend's water to a friend, I consumed what was not given;

Later I was disgusted by that, that evil was done by me;

May I not do evil again, therefore I have gone forth.

60.

Having seen another's wife, desire arose in me;

Later I was disgusted by that, that evil was done by me;

May I not do evil again, therefore I have gone forth.

61.

Great king, robbers seized my father in the forest;

When asked about him, though knowing, I answered otherwise.

62.

Later I was disgusted by that, that evil was done by me;

May I not do evil again, therefore I have gone forth.

63.

They committed destruction of life, when the soma sacrifice was set up;

I gave my approval to them, later I was disgusted by that.

64.

That evil was done by me, may I not do evil again;

Therefore I have gone forth.

65.

Those people who first drank liquor, wine and honey;

For the harm of many, they prepared intoxicating drink.

66.

I gave my approval to them, later I was disgusted by that;

That evil was done by me, may I not do evil again;

Therefore I have gone forth.

67.

Cursed be the many sensual pleasures, foul-smelling with many thorns;

While I indulged in them, I did not obtain such happiness.

68.

Sensual pleasures have great gratification and happiness, there is no happiness beyond sensual pleasures;

Those who indulge in sensual pleasures, arise in heaven.

69.

Sensual pleasures give little gratification and are painful, there is no suffering beyond sensual pleasures;

Those who indulge in sensual pleasures, arise in hell.

70.

Like a well-sharpened sword, like a well-pointed spear,

Like a spear thrust in the chest, sensual pleasures are more painful than that.

71.

Like burning embers, like a pit deeper than a man's height,

Like a ploughshare heated all day, sensual pleasures are more painful than that.

72.

Like deadly poison, like boiling oil,

Like molten copper, sensual pleasures are more painful than that.

The Water Birth Story Fifth.

460.

The Birth Story of Yudhañcaya (6)

73.

Surrounded by friends and ministers, I pay homage to the bull among charioteers;

I will go forth, your majesty, let your majesty permit me.

74.

If you lack in sensual pleasures, I shall fulfil them for you;

Whoever harms you I shall stop, do not go forth, Yudhañcaya.

75.

I have no lack in sensual pleasures, there is no one who harms me;

And I wish to make an island that aging cannot overwhelm.

76.

Whether a son might beg his father, or a father his own son;

The townspeople beg you, dear one, do not go forth, Yudhañcaya.

77.

Do not stop me, your majesty, from going forth, O best of charioteers;

May I not be intoxicated by sensual pleasures, coming under the power of aging.

78.

I beseech you, dear one, I restrain you, son;

I wish to see you for a long time, do not go forth, Yudhañcaya.

79.

Like dew on a blade of grass, at sunrise;

Such is the life span of human beings, mother, do not restrain me.

80.

Quickly mount this vehicle, O chief of charioteers;

Let not my mother be an obstacle, while I make haste.

81.

Run, venerable sir, Rammaka will be empty;

Yudhañcaya has been permitted by King Sabbadatta.

82.

He who was the best among a thousand, a youth resembling gold;

That young man went forth, wearing ochre robes, powerful.

83.

Both young men went forth, Yudhañcaya and Yudhiṭṭhila;

Having abandoned mother and father, having cut the bond of death.

The Birth Story of Yudhañcaya, the sixth.

461.

The Birth Story of Dasaratha (7)

84.

Come Lakkhaṇa and Sītā, both of you descend into the water;

Thus Bharata said, "King Dasaratha is dead."

85.

By what power of Rāma do you not sorrow what should be sorrowed;

Having heard that father is dead, suffering does not overcome you.

86.

What cannot be protected, though one speaks much;

Why should a wise, intelligent person torment oneself.

87.

Both young and old, both the foolish and the wise;

Both the rich and the poor, all have death as their destination.

88.

Like ripe fruits, there is constant fear of falling;

Thus for beings who are born, there is constant fear of death.

89.

Many people seen in the morning are not seen in the evening;

Many people seen in the evening are not seen in the morning.

90.

If by lamenting one could obtain anything beneficial,

The wise person would do it, confused and harming oneself.

91.

One becomes thin and discoloured, harming oneself by oneself;

The ghosts are not sustained by that, the lamentations are useless.

92.

Just as one would extinguish a burning refuge with water;

So too a steadfast, learned, intelligent, wise person;

Would scatter quickly arisen sorrow, as wind scatters cotton.

93.

A mortal alone passes away, alone is born in a family;

The enjoyments of all living beings indeed end in bondage.

94.

Therefore for the steadfast and learned one, who sees this world and the beyond;

Having known the Teaching, the heart and mind, even great sorrows do not torment.

95.

I shall see and enjoy, and I shall support my relatives;

And I will protect the rest, this is the duty of one who understands.

96.

For ten thousand years and six thousand years,

Rāma, with conch-shell neck and mighty arms, exercised kingship.

The Birth Story of Dasaratha, the seventh.

462.

The Birth Story of Saṃvara (8)

97.

Knowing your virtue, great king, ruler of people,

Honouring these princes, he did not conceive of you in any way.

98.

While our great king lives, or when gone to the deva realm,

The relatives approved of you, seeing what is good for oneself.

99.

By what restraint and observance do you stand above when born;

For what reason do the gathered groups of relatives not transgress against you?

100.

O prince, I do not envy the ascetics, the great seers;

I respectfully revere them, I pay homage at the feet of such ones.

101.

Those ascetics instruct me, who am devoted to the qualities of the Teaching,

Who am eager to learn and not envious, those seers who delight in the qualities of the Teaching.

102.

Having heard their words, those ascetics, the great seers;

I do not look down on anything, my mind delights in the Teaching.

103.

Elephant riders, army members, charioteers, foot soldiers;

I do not withhold from them their established food and wages.

104.

And I have high ministers, counsellors and attendants;

They call it Benares, abundant in meat, liquor and water.

105.

Then wealthy merchants too, having come from various countries;

Among them I established protection, thus know, O Uposatha.

106.

Indeed righteously for relatives, exercise your rule, Saṃvara;

You are wise and learned, and also a friend to relatives.

107.

That you, surrounded by relatives, adorned with various jewels;

Enemies cannot overpower, like the lord of titans cannot overpower Inda.

The Birth Story of Saṃvara, the eighth.

463.

The Birth Story of Suppāraka (9)

108.

Human beings with razor-sharp noses, emerge and submerge;

We ask you Suppāraka, which ocean is this.

109.

Of merchants seeking wealth, who had set out from Kurukaccha,

When their ship was lost, it is called Khuramāli.

110.

Like fire and sun, the ocean appears;

We ask you Suppāraka, which ocean is this.

111.

Of merchants seeking wealth, who had set out from Kurukaccha,

When their ship was lost, it is called Aggimāli.

112.

Like curd and milk, the ocean appears;

We ask you Suppāraka, which ocean is this.

113.

Of merchants seeking wealth, who had set out from Kurukaccha,

When their ship was lost, it is called Dadhimāli.

114.

Like grass and crops, the ocean appears;

We ask you Suppāraka, which ocean is this.

115.

Of merchants seeking wealth, who had set out from Kurukaccha,

When their ship was lost, it is called Kusamāli.

116.

Like reeds and bamboo, the ocean appears;

We ask you Suppāraka, which ocean is this.

117.

Of merchants seeking wealth, who had set out from Kurukaccha,

When their ship was lost, it is called Naḷamāli.

118.

A great fear, terrifying, a human sound is heard;

Like a pit or precipice, the ocean appears;

We ask you Suppāraka, which ocean is this.

119.

Of merchants seeking wealth, who had set out from Kurukaccha,

When their ship was lost, it is called Baḷavāmukhi.

120.

Since I remember myself, since I attained wisdom;

I do not recall intentionally harming even a single living being;

"By this truth-utterance, may the ship return safely."

The Birth Story of Suppāraka, the ninth.

The Book of Elevens is finished.

Here is its summary -

Siri's mother, the excellent supportive dragon, then Juṇhaka and the excellent arising of the Teaching;

Then Pāni and Yudhañcaya, Dasaratha, Saṃvara, and with one who has gone to the far shore, these are the nine.

12.

The Book of Twelves

464.

The Lesser Birth Story of Kuṇāla (1)

1.

Of the greedy ones with fickle minds, the ungrateful and the treacherous,

A person, even a deity, should not put faith in women.

2.

They do not understand what is done and what needs to be done, nor mother, father, or brother;

Being ignoble, having transgressed the Teaching, they come under the power of their own mind.

3.

Even one who has lived long together, dear and agreeable, compassionate and as dear as life itself;

They abandon him when troubles arise, therefore I do not trust women.

4.

For women's mind is like a monkey's, like the shade of trees it shifts about;

Women's heart is fickle and unsteady, turning like the rim of a wheel.

5.

When they see, looking around, a man's wealth that is worth taking;

With gentle speech they lead him, like a Kamboja leads a water-born horse.

6.

When they do not see, looking around, a man's wealth that is worth taking;

They avoid him completely, like one who has crossed and gone to the far shore abandons the raft.

7.

Like snakes they devour everything, like fire sharp in deceit, like a river with swift stream;

They pursue both what is liked and disliked, like a boat goes to this shore and the far shore.

8.

They are not for one or two, like a shop spread out;

Whoever might think "they are mine," would restrain the wind with a net.

9.

Like a river and a path, a tavern, assembly hall and water place;

Such are worldly women, in them no limit is found.

10.

These are like blazing fires, like black serpents in form;

Like cattle outside the grass, they touch the best again and again.

11.

A blazing fire, an elephant, a black serpent, a crowned head, and all women;

A person should truly associate with these, their entire nature is indeed hard to know.

12.

Not too beautiful, not pleasing to many, not generous women should be pursued;

Not another's wife nor for the sake of wealth, these five women should not be pursued.

The Lesser Birth Story of Kuṇāla First.

465.

The Birth Story of Bhaddasāla (2)

13.

Who are you in pure white clothes, standing in misery in the air;

Why do tears flow from you, from where has that fear come?

14.

In your realm, O deity, they knew me as Bhaddasāla;

For sixty thousand years, I stood and was honoured.

15.

Building cities, homes, O ruler of directions;

And various mansions too, they did not disregard me;

Just as they honoured me, so too should you honour.

16.

I do not see that massive tree of yours with its body;

In height and girth, you are beautiful by birth.

17.

I will have a mansion built, with a single pillar, heart-pleasing;

There I will lead you, spirit, may you live long.

18.

Thus a thought arose, separation from the body;

Cut me up in many pieces, cut me into fragments.

19.

Cut first at the top and in the middle, then cut at the root;

When I am cut in this way, death would not be painful.

20.

As one would cut off hands and feet, and ears and nose while living;

Then afterwards cut off the head, that death would be painful.

21.

Is it pleasant to be cut into pieces, O noble tree of the sal forest;

For what reason, on account of what, do you wish to be cut into pieces.

22.

Whatever cause, derived from cause, connected with the Teaching;

I wish to cut it piece by piece, great king listen to me.

23.

My relatives grew up in happiness, sprouting at my side;

I would harm them too, unaccustomed to others' unhappiness.

24.

You think what should be thought, O Bhaddasāla, lord of the forest;

You wish the welfare of your relatives, friend, I give you freedom from fear.

The Birth Story of Bhaddasāla, the second.

466.

The Birth Story of the Ocean Merchant (3)

25.

Those people plough and sow, humans living on the fruits of their actions;

They will not share in this island, this Rose-Apple Land is indeed our best.

26.

When the moon has completed five nights, there will be a great surge of the ocean;

It will flood this splendid island, let it not destroy you, go find another shelter.

27.

Never will this ocean's surge flood this splendid island;

This I have seen through many signs, do not fear, why do you grieve? Rejoice!

28.

You have reached this splendid dwelling with abundant food and drink;

I see no fear for you at all, rejoice with your children and grandchildren!

29.

This deity in the southern direction who proclaims "security," his truth holds;

The northern one knows not of fear or safety, do not fear, why do you grieve? Rejoice!

30.

Just as these spirits speak differently, one speaks of fear, one of security;

Therefore listen to my word, quickly, swiftly, let us not all perish.

31.

All having gathered together let us make a boat, a strong vessel equipped with all machinery;

If this southerner speaks truth, and this northerner opposes in vain;

That indeed will be for our benefit in misfortune, and we would not abandon this island.

32.

But if indeed the northerner speaks truth, and this southerner opposes in vain;

Having all boarded that same boat, thus we would cross safely to the far shore.

33.

Indeed it is not good to grasp what appears first as the best, having taken the lesser that comes into view;

One who here investigates and grasps what is true, that person indeed reaches the best state.

34.

Just as those merchants in the midst of the ocean waters sailed safely by their own action;

Having penetrated the future benefit, the one of abundant wisdom does not neglect even a little.

35.

But fools, obsessed with taste through delusion, not having penetrated the future benefit;

Sink when benefit arises in the present, like those people in the midst of the ocean.

36.

One should do future work in advance, "May work not pierce me at the time for work";

That kind of person who does work in advance, work does not pierce him at the time for work.

The Birth Story of the Ocean Merchant, the third.

467.

The Birth Story of Sensual Pleasure (4)

37.

When one desiring sensual pleasure, if that succeeds for him;

Surely he becomes rapturous, a mortal getting what he wishes.

38.

When one desiring sensual pleasure, if that succeeds for him;

Then he finds craving for further sensual pleasures in phenomena.

39.

Like a horned cow's horn grows as it grows;

Thus from rivalry anger is born in a slow person, a fool who does not understand;

More craving and thirst grow as he grows.

40.

Rice and barley from the earth, cattle and horses, slaves and workers;

Having given, is not enough for one, thus the wise one should live righteously.

41.

Having conquered the earth by force, the king, dwelling in the realm extending to the ocean;

Unsatisfied with this shore of the ocean, might long for even the far shore of the ocean.

42.

As long as I recollected sensual pleasures, mentally I did not find satisfaction;

Having turned back from there, seeing the way back, truly satisfied are those who are satisfied with wisdom.

43.

Satisfaction through wisdom is best, one is not sated by sensual pleasures;

Over a person satisfied with wisdom, craving holds no sway.

44.

Diminish sensual pleasures indeed, having few wishes, not greedy;

A person like an ocean, is not sated by sensual pleasures.

45.

Like a chariot-maker with leather, cutting a sandal;

Whatever sensual pleasure one gives up, that becomes happiness;

If one wishes for complete happiness, one should give up all sensual pleasures.

46.

These eight verses spoken, all are worth a thousand;

Accept, great brahmā, accomplish what you have said.

47.

I have no need for thousands, hundreds or tens of thousands;

When speaking the last verse, my mind has no delight in sensual pleasures.

48.

Good indeed is this young man, the sage who knows all worlds;

Who fully understands this craving that gives birth to suffering, the wise one.

The Birth Story of Sensual Pleasure, the fourth.

468.

The Birth Story of Janasandha (5)

49.

Indeed these are ten states, not having done which before;

One later regrets, thus said Janasandha.

50.

Not having gained wealth, one regrets what was not acquired before;

I did not seek wealth before, thus one regrets later.

51.

Though there was a proper form before, I did not train in a craft;

Hard is life for one without a craft, thus one regrets afterwards.

52.

Formerly I was deceitful in ancient scriptures, a backbiter who ate others' flesh;

And I was fierce and harsh, thus one regrets afterwards.

53.

Formerly I was a destroyer of life, cruel and ignoble;

I did not respect beings, thus one regrets afterwards.

54.

Indeed when there were many women, who were unattached;

I indulged in others' wives, thus one regrets afterwards.

55.

Indeed when there was much food and drink at hand;

I did not give gifts before, thus one regrets afterwards.

56.

Mother and father, aged and past their youth;

Though being wealthy, I did not support them, thus one regrets afterwards.

57.

The teacher, the instructor, who brought all sensual pleasures and tastes;

I was arrogant towards my father, thus one regrets afterwards.

58.

Ascetics and brahmins too, who were virtuous and learned;

I did not attend upon them before, thus one regrets afterwards.

59.

Good is austerity practised, and the peaceful ones attended upon;

But I did not practise austerity before, thus one regrets afterwards.

60.

But whoever carefully practises these states,

Doing the duties of a person, does not regret afterwards.

The Birth Story of Janasandha, the fifth.

469.

The Great Kaṇha Birth Story (6)

61.

Black, black and terrible, with white fangs and luminous;

Imprisoned with five ropes, why does your dog howl.

62.

This will not be for the good of the deer, O Usīnaka;

Having become a calamity for human beings, then Kaṇha will be freed.

63.

Recluses with bowls in hand, with shaven heads, wearing outer robes;

Will plough with ploughs, then Kaṇha will be freed.

64.

Female ascetics gone forth, with shaven heads, wearing outer robes;

When they will go in the world, then Kaṇha will be freed.

65.

With long upper lips, matted hair, teeth covered with dirt, head covered with dust;

Going to collect debts, then Kaṇha will be freed.

66.

The brahmins having learned the Vedas, the Sāvittī, and the sacrificial procedure;

Will perform sacrifices for payment, then Kaṇha will be freed.

67.

Mother and father, aged and past their youth;

Though being wealthy, they do not support them, then Kaṇha will be freed.

68.

Mother and father, aged and past their youth;

Fools will say "you are old," then Kaṇha will be freed.

69.

When they will go in the world with the teacher's wife as a friend, maternal aunt, and paternal aunt,

When they will go in the world, then Kaṇha will be freed.

70.

When brahmins taking shield and sword, raising up weapons,

will commit highway robbery, then Kaṇha will be freed.

71.

When those of fair skin, filled with animosity, with thick arms, not manifest,

will cause division between friends, then Kaṇha will be freed.

72.

When those who are deceitful, fraudulent, thinking like bad persons

will exist in the world, then Kaṇha will be freed.

The Great Kaṇha Birth Story Sixth.

470.

The Birth Story of Kosiya (7)

73.

I neither buy nor sell, and I have no storing up;

How difficult is this form and how limited, this rice meal is not enough for two.

74.

From little give little, from moderate give moderate;

From much give much, not giving is not tenable.

75.

This I say to you, Kosiya, give gifts and enjoy.

Mount the noble path, one who eats alone does not gain happiness.

76.

His offering becomes empty, and empty too his striving;

When a guest is seated, one who eats food alone.

77.

This I say to you, Kosiya, give gifts and enjoy;

Mount the noble path, one who eats alone does not gain happiness.

78.

His offering becomes true, and true too his striving;

When a guest is seated, one who does not eat alone.

79.

This I say to you, Kosiya, give gifts and enjoy;

Mount the noble path, one who eats alone does not gain happiness.

80.

A person makes offerings at a lake, and at many Gayā places;

At Doṇa, at Timbarū's ford, in the swift-flowing great river.

81.

Here there is his offering, and here there is his striving;

When a guest is seated, one who does not eat alone.

82.

This I say to you, Kosiya, give gifts and enjoy;

Mount the noble path, one who eats alone does not gain happiness.

83.

For he swallows the hook, with its long line and bondage;

When a guest is seated, one who eats food alone.

84.

This I say to you, Kosiya, give gifts and enjoy;

Mount the noble path, one who eats alone does not gain happiness.

85.

Of supreme beauty indeed are these brahmins, and for what reason is this dog of yours;

He displays various forms and colours, tell us, brahmins, who are you?

86.

The moon and sun, both have come here, and this is Mātali, the charioteer of the deities;

I am Sakka, lord of the thirty deities, and this one is called Pañcasikha.

87.

Lutes, drums, and tambourines and kettledrums;

They wake him with music, and being awakened he delights.

88.

Whatever ones are stingy and mean, revilers of ascetics and brahmins;

Having laid down the bodily frame here itself, with the breaking up of the body, they go to hell.

89.

Whatever ones are aspiring for a good destination, established in the Teaching, in self-control and sharing;

Having laid down the bodily frame here itself, with the breaking up of the body, they go to a good destination.

90.

You were not a relative in previous births, he was stingy, angry, of evil qualities;

We have come here for your welfare, may he of evil qualities not go to hell.

91.

Surely you are wishing for my welfare, that you instruct me thus;

I shall act accordingly, all that has been said by those who seek welfare.

92.

Today itself I shall desist, and I shall not do any evil;

And there is nothing I would not give, and I shall not drink water without having given.

93.

"And when I give thus all the time, these pleasures, O Vāsava, will be exhausted;

Then I shall go forth, O Sakka, having abandoned sensual pleasures according to my strength."

The Birth Story of Kosiya, the seventh.

471.

The Birth Story of the Question of Meṇḍaka (8)

94.

Those who have never before in this world had friendship even for seven steps,

Born as enemies, the two became friends, for what reason do they live in reconciliation?

95.

If today at breakfast time, you are not able to tell me this question,

I shall banish you all from the kingdom, for there is no purpose in those of foolish birth.

96.

In a terrible gathering of many people, when a tumultuous assembly had arisen,

With distracted minds and diverse thoughts, we are not able to tell this question.

97.

One-pointed in mind, one by one, having gone to a secluded place and reflected on the goal;

Having explored in solitude, the wise will then tell this purpose, O king of people.

98.

For the sons of nobles and princes, the meat of sheep is pleasing and agreeable;

They do not give that meat to a dog, yet a ram would have friendship with a dog.

99.

They tear off the skin of a goat for the purpose of a comfortable horse-back seat;

They do not spread it for a dog, yet a ram would have friendship with a dog.

100.

The ram has curved horns, while the dog has no horns;

One eats grass, the other eats meat, yet a ram would have friendship with a dog.

101.

You are grass, you are insolence, ram, while the dog is neither grass nor insolence;

The dog would catch a hare or a cat, yet a ram would have friendship with a dog.

102.

Eight and a half feet has the four-footed one, the ram with eight claws unseen;

This one brings covering for that one, that one brings meat for this one.

103.

Gone to the excellent palace, the king of Videha, the exchange of food between one another;

The lord of people indeed saw with his own eyes this of the hungry one with full mouth.

104.

It is indeed no small gain for me, that such wise persons are in my family;

The deep meaning of the subtle question, the wise ones penetrate with well-spoken words.

105.

And one mule-drawn chariot each, and one prosperous excellent village each;

I give to all of you wise ones, with a mind extremely pleased by your well-spoken words.

The Birth Story of the Question of Meṇḍaka, the eighth.

472.

The Birth Story of the Great Lotus (9)

106.

Not having seen the fault in another, small and large in every way;

A ruler would impose punishment, without investigating himself.

107.

When a noble without investigating, imposes punishment;

He swallows thorns, like one blind from birth with flies.

108.

He punishes the innocent, and makes innocent the guilty;

Like a blind man on an unrighteous path, he does not know what is righteous and unrighteous.

109.

One who these states, small and large in every way;

Would teach what is well seen, that one indeed is worthy to express.

110.

Neither through complete gentleness, nor through complete sharpness;

Can one establish oneself in greatness, therefore one should practise both.

111.

One who is too gentle is despised, and one too sharp creates enmity;

Having known both of these, one should practise the middle way.

112.

Even with much attachment one might speak, and one with hatred speaks much;

O king, because of a woman, you are not worthy to kill your son.

113.

The entire world together, and this woman alone;

Therefore I shall practise thus, go and imprison her.

114.

In the many-palmed hell, deep and very difficult to cross;

Having fallen into a mountain chasm, how did you not die there?

115.

A dragon with raised hood there, powerful, born in the mountain,

Caught me with its coils, because of that I did not die there.

116.

Come, I will lead you back, prince, to your own home;

Exercise your rule, good sir, what will you do in the forest?

117.

Just as having swallowed a hook, one might pull it out bloody;

Having pulled it out, one would be happy, thus I see myself.

118.

What do you call the hook, what do you call the bloody thing;

What do you call that which is pulled out? Being asked, tell me this.

119.

I declare sensual pleasures to be a hook, elephants and horses with blood;

Know thus, O noble one, I declare I have pulled it out.

120.

Ciñcā the female student was my mother, and Devadatta my father;

Ānanda was the wise arahant, and Sāriputta the deity;

I was a prince - thus remember the birth story.

The Birth Story of the Great Lotus, the ninth.

473.

The Birth Story of Friend and Foe (10)

121.

Doing what actions, how should a wise person exert oneself?

How should an intelligent one, a wise person, know a foe, having seen and heard?

122.

One does not smile upon seeing them, nor does one welcome them;

One does not give them one's eyes, and behaves antagonistically.

123.

One associates with their enemies, does not serve their friends;

One prevents those who wish to praise them, and praises those who abuse them.

124.

One does not tell them secrets, does not keep their secrets hidden;

One does not praise their actions, does not commend their wisdom.

125.

One delights in their non-existence, does not delight in their existence;

When obtaining excellent food, one does not become mindful of them;

Therefore one does not show compassion to them, thinking "May they too obtain this."

126.

These sixteen qualities are established in a foe;

By which a wise person should know a foe, having seen and heard.

127.

Doing what actions, how should a wise person exert oneself?

How should an intelligent one, a wise person, know a friend, having seen and heard.

128.

One remembers them when they are away, delights when they arrive;

Then one is affectionate, and responds with welcoming speech.

129.

One associates with their friends, does not serve their enemies;

One restrains those who abuse them, praises those who speak their praise.

130.

They tell their secrets to them, keep their secrets hidden,

Praise their actions, and commend their wisdom.

131.

One delights in their existence, does not delight in their non-existence;

When obtaining excellent food, one becomes mindful of them;

Therefore one shows compassion to them, thinking "May they too obtain this."

132.

These sixteen qualities indeed, are well established in a friend;

By which a wise person should know a friend, having seen and heard.

The Birth Story of Friend and Foe, the Tenth.

The Book of Twelves is finished.

Here is its summary -

Light mind, with sala tree, and again plough, then sensual pleasure, the excellent ten states;

Then Kanha, Kosiya, the excellent goat, lotus, and again with the excellent friend makes ten.

13.

The Book of Thirteens

474.

The Birth Story of the Mango (1)

1.

Before you brought me mango fruits, small and large, holy one;

Now with those same mantras, brahmin, tree fruits do not manifest.

2.

I am waiting for the conjunction of stars, not seeing the moment and instant in the mantras;

Having obtained the conjunction of stars and the moment, surely I will bring abundant mango fruit.

3.

You did not speak of the conjunction of stars before, you did not mention moment and instant before;

You yourself brought abundant mango fruit, endowed with beauty, odour and taste.

4.

Previously through chanting mantras, brahmin, tree fruits would manifest for you;

But today you cannot succeed even in chanting the mantra, what is this state of yours today?

5.

An outcast's son gave me the Teaching, and explained the mantras and their nature;

And when asked about his name and clan, he said the mantra would lose its power if revealed.

6.

When questioned by the king about the people, overcome by contempt I spoke falsely;

Wrongly saying "These mantras belong to a brahmin," now bereft of mantras I weep wretchedly.

7.

From castor plants or neem trees, or else from flame trees;

One seeking honey would find honey, for that is the supreme tree for him.

8.

Nobles, brahmins, merchants, workers, outcasts and scavengers;

From whom one should understand the Teaching, for that person is supreme for him.

9.

Having given this one punishment and death, seize him by the neck and destroy this wretch;

Who through conceit and arrogance has destroyed the highest good that was obtained with difficulty.

10.

Just as one thinking it level would fall into a pit, cave, hell, or putrid pool;

Or would step on a poisonous snake thinking it a rope, or as a blind person would stand in fire;

Even so, O wise one, grant again to me who has stumbled, who has lost the sacred verses.

11.

Righteously I gave you the spell, and you righteously received it;

I was naturally pleased with you, the spell should not abandon one established in the Teaching.

12.

A fool who with difficulty obtained a spell, which is hard to get today in the human world;

Although having received it, being unwise to live, destroyed it by speaking falsely.

13.

To a fool, to one confused, to one ungrateful, to one speaking falsely, to one unrestrained;

We do not give spells to such ones, from where spells? Go, you do not please me.

The Birth Story of the Mango First.

475.

The Birth Story of the Quivering Tree (2)

14.

With an axe in hand, person, you stand having entered the forest;

Being asked, friend, tell me, what wood do you wish to cut?

15.

You prowl through forests, both righteous and unrighteous;

Being asked, friend, tell me, what wood is strong for a wheel rim?

16.

Neither sāla nor acacia, nor assakaṇṇa, much less mountain ebony;

But the tree named phandana, that wood is strong for a wheel rim.

17.

What are its leaves like, and what indeed is its trunk like?

Being asked, friend, tell me, how we may know the phandana.

18.

Whose branches hang down, bend but do not break;

That tree is named phandana, at whose root I stand.

19.

For spokes, wheel hubs, and pole, rim and chariot,

This phandana will be serviceable for all of these for you.

20.

Thus even the Phandana tree spoke immediately:

"I too have something to say, Bhāradvāja, listen to me.

21.

From the shoulder of the axle, cutting off four fingers' width,

With that extend the rim, thus it will be stronger.

22.

Thus even the Phandana tree immediately showed animosity;

It brought suffering to axles both born and unborn.

23.

Thus the Phandana to the axle, and the axle to the Phandana,

Through mutual dispute, they destroyed one another.

24.

Even so among human beings, where dispute arises,

They dance like peacocks, just as those axle and Phandana.

25.

This I say to you, good fortune to all who have gathered here:

Be harmonious, do not dispute, do not be like the axle and Phandana.

26.

One should train in concord, this is praised by the Enlightened One;

One who delights in concord, standing in the Teaching, does not fall away from security from bondage.

The Birth Story of the Quivering Tree, the second.

476.

The Birth Story of the Swift Goose (3)

27.

Land right here, goose, seeing you is dear to me;

You have arrived as a lord, declare what is here.

28.

Through hearing some become dear, for another desire fades upon seeing;

Through seeing and hearing they become dear, I wonder if I am dear to you through seeing.

29.

You were dear to me by hearing, and even more so upon seeing you;

Being so dear to see, stay here with me, O goose.

30.

We would live in your house, always honoured and revered;

But once when drunk you might say, "Cook the king of geese for me."

31.

Cursed be that drinking of liquor, which to me was dearer than you;

And I shall not drink liquor as long as you live in my house.

32.

Easy to understand is the cry of jackals and birds;

The speech of humans, O king, is harder to understand than that.

33.

Even though a person might think, "A relative, friend, or companion,"

One who was well-disposed before, later becomes an enemy.

34.

Where the mind settles, though not far, he is with it;

Though near he is far, where the mind does not settle.

35.

With a confident mind he is at the near shore, with a confident mind at the far shore of the ocean;

With a corrupted mind he is at the near shore, with a corrupted mind at the far shore of the ocean.

36.

Living together they live apart, those in your direction, O chariot-warrior;

Though far away they live together, through the mind, O kingdom-increaser.

37.

By dwelling too long, one dear becomes not dear;

Let me address you and go, before we become not dear to you.

38.

If when they are begging thus, you do not understand their reverential salutation;

You do not heed the word of a hundred attendants;

Thus we beseech you, make another exposition.

39.

If we dwell thus, there will be no obstacle;

For you too, great king, and for me, increaser of the kingdom;

Perhaps we might see the passing of days and nights.

The Birth Story of the Swift Goose, the third.

477.

The Birth Story of Little Nārada (4)

40.

You have not split the firewood, you have not brought water;

The fire has not been tended by you, why do you meditate like one slow-witted?

41.

I am not able to dwell in the forest, Kassapa, I tell you;

Living in the forest is painful, I wish to go to the country.

42.

Having gone from here, in whatever district I live;

What conduct, O brahmin, should I train in? Instruct me in that Teaching.

43.

If having abandoned the forest, and its roots and fruits;

You prefer living in the country, listen to this Teaching of mine.

44.

Do not indulge in poison, avoid the cliff;

And do not sink in the mire, be careful walking where there are venomous snakes.

45.

What is the poison or the cliff, or the mire for one living the holy life;

What do you call a venomous snake? Being asked, tell me this;

46.

Dear one, in the world what is called liquor is a taint;

Delightful, sweet-smelling, lovely, pleasant like the taste of honey;

The noble ones say that is poison, Nārada, for the holy life.

47.

Dear one, in the world women make the heedless fall;

They steal the mind of youths, like the wind dispels cotton;

This is declared a precipice, Nārada, for the holy life.

48.

Gain, praise, honour, and honour in other families;

This is declared a mire, Nārada, for the holy life.

49.

Dear one, kings with their armies inhabit this great earth;

Such human lords, great ones, dear Nārada.

50.

Of rulers and sovereigns, one should not walk at their feet;

This is declared a venomous snake, Nārada, for the holy life.

51.

For the purpose of food at mealtime, whatever house one might approach;

Whatever wholesome one might know there, one should go seeking alms there.

52.

Having entered another's family home, for drink or for food,

One should eat moderately, consume moderately, and not set one's mind on form.

53.

Cattle shed, liquor, cheating, assembly hall, and gambling houses,

Avoid from afar, like vehicles avoid an uneven path.

The Birth Story of Little Nārada, the fourth.

478.

The Birth Story of the Messenger (5)

54.

I sent messengers to you, Brahmā, while meditating on the bank of the Ganges;

When questioned by them you did not answer, was your suffering indeed a secret?

55.

If suffering should arise for you, increaser of the Kāsi realm;

Do not tell it to one who could not free you from suffering.

56.

For one who has been born to suffering, even if partially a single factor;

Could rightfully free from it, tell it to him as you wish.

57.

Easy to understand is the cry of jackals and birds;

The speech of humans, O king, is harder to understand than that.

58.

Even though a person might think, "A relative, friend, or companion,"

One who was well-disposed before, later becomes an enemy.

59.

A being who, without being asked, tells of one's own suffering at an inappropriate time;

His friends become delighted, while those who wish his welfare become unhappy.

60.

Having known the right time for such a one, and having understood the single-mindedness of the wise;

The sage should speak of intense matters to another, should utter gentle words full of meaning.

61.

If one should know: "This is unbearable for me, these things will not lead to my happiness;"

The wise one alone would endure intense things, looking to truth, moral shame and fear of wrongdoing.

62.

Wandering through kingdoms, towns and royal cities;

Begging, great king, seeking wealth for the teacher.

63.

From householders, royal servants, and wealthy brahmins;

I received seven nikkhas of gold, ruler of people;

They are lost to me, great king, therefore I grieve intensely.

64.

Those people, great king, were considered in my mind;

Not able to free from suffering, therefore I did not speak to them.

65.

But you, great king, were considered in my mind;

Able to free from suffering, therefore I declared it to you.

66.

Being pleased with him, the increaser of the Kāsi kingdom gave him;

Fourteen golden coins made of gold.

The Birth Story of the Messenger, the fifth.

479.

The Birth Story of the Kāliṅga Enlightenment (6)

67.

King Kāliṅga, the wheel-turning monarch, righteously ruling over the earth;

Went to the vicinity of the enlightenment tree with a powerful dragon.

68.

Kāliṅga and Bhāradvāja, having taken hold of the ascetic Kolaññā, the king of Kāliṅga;

Who was turning the wheel, with reverential salutation said this.

69.

Descend, great king, to the ground that has risen up as if for an ascetic;

Here the unsurpassed enlightened Buddhas shine forth.

70.

The grass and creepers in this ground are turned to the right;

At earth's navel is the circle, thus we have heard in the verses, great king.

71.

On this earth that extends to the ocean, supporting all beings;

This is the circle of the earth, having descended, pay homage.

72.

Those who are dragons, and well-bred bull elephants;

To that extent, the dragons do not engage with you.

73.

A well-bred dragon indeed, send forth the tusked elephant;

To that extent, it is possible for a dragon to approach.

74.

Having heard that, King Kāliṅga, having listened to the words of the expert;

Sent forth the dragon saying "Let us know if these words are true."

75.

And sent forth by the king, the dragon having trumpeted like a crane;

Drew back and sat down, as if unable to bear a heavy burden.

76.

Kāliṅga Bhāradvāja, having understood that the dragon's life span was exhausted;

To King Kāliṅga, hurriedly spoke:

Cross over to another dragon, great king, for this dragon's life span is exhausted.

77.

Having heard that, Kāliṅga, hurriedly crossed over to another dragon;

As soon as he crossed over, the dragon fell right there on the ground;

The fortune-teller's words about the dragon proved to be true.

78.

King Kāliṅga said this to the brahmin of Kāliṅga;

You alone are the Enlightened One, omniscient and all-seeing.

79.

Not accepting that, the brahmin said this to Kāliṅga;

Great king, we are merely fortune-tellers, not omniscient Enlightened Ones.

80.

The omniscient and all-seeing Enlightened Ones do not know by characteristics;

Through the power of tradition we, the Enlightened Ones, understand all.

81.

Having honoured the enlightenment, while various musical instruments were being played;

Having brought garlands and ointments, then the king approached.

82.

Sixty thousand cartloads of flowers he gathered;

King Kāliṅga honoured the unsurpassed ground of enlightenment.

The Birth Story of the Kāliṅga Enlightenment, the sixth.

480.

The Birth Story of Akitti (7)

83.

Seeing Akitti meditating, Sakka, lord of beings, said:

What are you wishing for, great brahmin, meditating alone in the heat.

84.

Renewed existence is suffering, O Sakka, and there is breaking up of the body;

Death with confusion is suffering, therefore I am right, O Vāsava.

85.

"In this well-spoken by you, properly and beautifully stated;

I give you a boon, Kassapa, whatever you wish in your mind.

86.

If you give me a boon, Sakka, lord of all beings;

That by which people, having obtained sons and wives, wealth and grain, and dear things,

Are not satisfied - may that greed not dwell in me.

87.

"In this well-spoken by you, properly and beautifully stated;

I give you a boon, Kassapa, whatever you wish in your mind.

88.

If you give me a boon, Sakka, lord of all beings;

Fields, land, and gold, cattle and horses, slaves and workers;

By which when born they age - may that fault not dwell in me.

89.

"In this well-spoken by you, properly and beautifully stated;

I give you a boon, Kassapa, whatever you wish in your mind.

90.

If you give me a boon, Sakka, lord of all beings;

May I not see or hear a fool, nor live with a fool;

One should neither engage in conversation with a fool nor delight in it.

91.

What did the fool do to you, Kassapa, tell me the reason;

Why, Kassapa, do you not wish to see the fool.

92.

The foolish one leads to calamity, he engages in what is improper;

He is difficult to guide and thinks himself superior, when rightly spoken to he becomes angry;

He does not know discipline, it is good not to see him.

93.

"In this well-spoken by you, properly and beautifully stated;

I give you a boon, Kassapa, whatever you wish in your mind.

94.

If you give me a boon, Sakka, lord of all beings;

One should see the wise and hear the wise, one should live together with the wise;

One should converse with the wise, one should do that and delight in that.

95.

What did the wise one do to you, Kassapa, tell me the reason;

Why, Kassapa, do you long for the sight of the wise one?

96.

The intelligent one leads by method, does not engage in what is improper;

Well-guided, he thinks himself superior, when rightly spoken to he does not become angry;

He understands discipline, it is good to meet with such a one.

97.

"In this well-spoken by you, properly and beautifully stated;

I give you a boon, Kassapa, whatever you wish in your mind.

98.

If you give me a boon, Sakka, lord of all beings;

Then when night has ended, at sunrise;

May divine food manifest, and virtuous beggars.

99.

May what I give not be exhausted, may I not regret after giving;

May my mind be confident in giving, this boon I would choose.

100.

"In this well-spoken by you, properly and beautifully stated;

I give you a boon, Kassapa, whatever you wish in your mind.

101.

If you give me a boon, Sakka, lord of all beings;

May you not approach me again - this, Sakka, is the boon I choose.

102.

Through many vows and observances, both men and women;

Long for a sight of me, why should I fear their sight?

103.

Having seen one such as you with deity's beauty, complete in all sensual pleasures;

One might neglect austerity - this is the fear in seeing you."

The Birth Story of Akitti, the seventh.

481.

The Birth Story of Takkāriya (8)

104.

I alone, a fool, spoke wrongly, like a frog in the forest calling out to a snake;

O Takkāriya, I fall into this pit, indeed it is not good to speak excessively.

105.

A mortal who speaks excessively obtains bondage, violence, sorrow and lamentation;

You blame yourself in this case, as they bury you in a pit.

106.

Why did I ask the boar what he would do to his brother in the dark;

I am naked and lost a pair of clothes, this too is a similar matter.

107.

The small bird that, while not fighting among the fighting ones, fell between the rams;

It was crushed there by the rams' heads, this too is a similar matter.

108.

Four people took hold of a book, while protecting one person;

All of them lay with broken heads, this too is a similar matter.

109.

Just as a goat tied to a bamboo clump, tossing about came upon a sword;

By that very means its neck was cut off, this too is a similar matter.

110.

These are neither deities nor sons of gandhabbas, these are deer that have come under my power;

Let them cook one for the evening meal, and one again for the morning meal.

111.

A hundred thousand ill-spoken words are not worth a sixteenth part of one well-spoken word;

Ill-spoken words are a defilement that transmigrates, therefore the kimpurisas are silent, not from foolishness.

112.

She who spoke to me "Release this one," let them lead him to the Himalayan mountain;

And let them give this one to the kitchen, let them cook him early for the morning meal.

113.

Animals have the rain cloud as their lord, this generation has animals as their lord;

You, great king, are my lord, I am the lord of my wife;

Having known one of the two, being released I would go to the mountain.

114.

Indeed one should not avoid blame entirely, O king of people, different people should be associated with;

For the very reason one receives praise, for that same reason another receives blame.

115.

The whole world is full of thoughts and excessive thoughts, the whole world is thoughtful in their own thoughts;

All beings have their individual thoughts, whose mind here would not be under the control of thoughts?

116.

The kimpurisa remained silent with his wife, but now he has spoken out of fear;

Now he is freed, happy and healthy, indeed speech has power over people.

The Birth Story of Takkāriya, the eighth.

482.

The Birth Story of the Ruru Deer King (9)

117.

I will give him the best village, and adorned women;

Who points out to me this deer, the supreme one among deer.

118.

Give me the best village, and adorned women;

I will tell you about the deer, the supreme one among deer.

119.

In this grove, mango trees and sala trees are flowering;

Covered with indagopaka insects, here stands that deer.

120.

Having made the bow unerring, he approached with a strung arrow;

And the deer, seeing the king from afar, spoke.

121.

Wait, great king, do not shoot me, bull among charioteers;

Who told you this, that here stands that deer.

122.

That evil-doing person, friend, stands at a distance;

He told me this, that here stands that deer.

123.

So true indeed they said, some people here;

A floating log is better than some people.

124.

Why, Ruru, do you blame the deer, the birds and the humans?

For great fear comes upon me, having heard that human speech.

125.

The one whom I pulled out when being carried away in the current, in the great water, in the swift-flowing stream;

From that source fear has come to me, painful indeed, your majesty, is association with the bad.

126.

I release this four-winged bird, this body-piercer, into the heart;

I kill that betrayer of friends, that wrongdoer, who does not know such a deed done for him.

127.

O ruler of people, between the wise and the foolish indeed, the peaceful ones never praise killing;

Let the evil-natured one go home, and give him what was lost;

And I shall be at your disposal.

128.

Surely that ruru deer is one of the good, who when wronged does not wrong the human;

Let the evil-natured one go home, and I give him what was lost;

And I grant you freedom of movement.

129.

Easy to understand is the cry of jackals and birds;

The speech of humans, O king, is harder to understand than that.

130.

Even though a person might think, "A relative, friend, or companion,"

One who was well-disposed before, later becomes an enemy.

131.

The country folk have gathered, and the townspeople have gathered;

The deer are eating the crops, let your majesty prevent that.

132.

Let there be no country, let even the kingdom be destroyed;

But I will not betray the ruru deer, having given the gift of safety.

133.

Let there be no country for me, let even the kingdom be destroyed;

But I will not speak falsely, having given a promise to the king of deer.

The Birth Story of the Ruru Deer King, the ninth.

483.

The Birth Story of the Sarabha Deer (10)

134.

A person should aspire, the wise person should not be discouraged;

I see myself, as I wished so it became.

135.

A person should aspire, the wise person should not be discouraged;

I see myself, lifted from water onto land.

136.

A person should make an effort, the wise person should not be discouraged;

I see myself, as I wished so it became.

137.

A person should make an effort, the wise person should not be discouraged;

I see myself, lifted from water onto land.

138.

Even when afflicted with suffering, a wise person should not cut off hope for the coming of happiness;

For many contacts, both harmful and beneficial, come to mortals unexpectedly.

139.

The unexpected happens, and the expected vanishes;

For wealth does not come through reflection, whether for woman or man.

140.

The deer in the mountain gorge, which you pursued before;

You live following the one of unshaken mind.

141.

Who pulled him out from the difficult hell, making the deer like a yoked beast;

Released him from death's mouth when afflicted with suffering, you speak of that deer of unshaken mind.

142.

Were you there yourself then, or did someone tell you this;

Are you the one with the veil removed, the all-seeing one, is your knowledge, brahmin, of terrifying form.

143.

I was not there then, nor did anyone tell me this;

The wise, O lord of people, bring forth the meaning of verses and well-spoken words.

144.

Taking up the bow with arrow that destroys others' energy, why do you doubt?

Let the released arrow quickly kill the deer, for this is food for the king, O one of excellent wisdom.

145.

Indeed I too understand this, that the deer is food for the noble warrior, brahmin;

But honouring what was done before, therefore I do not kill the deer.

146.

This is not a deer, great king, this is a titan, O ruler of directions;

Having killed this one, O lord of humans, may you become the chief of deities.

147.

If you, O king, doubt to kill the deer, the companion,

With your wife and sons, O supreme hero among men, having gone to Yama's Vetaraṇī.

148.

Let me and all the people of the country, sons and wives and company of friends;

Go to Yama's Vetaraṇī, but I will not kill the one who gave me life.

149.

This deer was my helper when I was in difficulty, alone in the terrible forest;

Remembering such a past deed, O Great Brahmā, how could I knowingly kill it?

150.

Live long, delighting in friends, rule this kingdom with righteous qualities;

Being attended by groups of women, rejoice in your kingdom like Vāsava in the heavenly realm.

151.

Without anger, with a mind ever serene, having become hospitable to all and skilled in sacrificial rites;

Having given and enjoyed according to one's means, blameless, reach the heavenly state.

The Birth Story of the Sarabha Deer, the Tenth.

The Book of Thirteen is finished.

Here is its summary -

The excellent mango, the axe, with the swan, then in the forest, and the messenger is the fifth;

Then Bodhi, Akitti with Sutakkarī, then with the Ruru deer and the Sarabha.

14.

The Miscellaneous Book

484.

The Birth Story of the Rice Field (1)

1.

The parrots eat the flourishing rice field, Kosiya;

I inform you, brahmin, I am not able to stop them.

2.

And there was one bird, who was the most beautiful of them;

Having eaten rice as desired, he takes it in his beak and goes.

3.

Set strainer traps, so that bird might be caught;

And having caught him alive, bring him to me.

4.

These birds, having eaten and drunk, depart;

I alone am imprisoned by a trap, what evil was done by me?

5.

The belly of others is normal, parrot, but your belly is excessive;

Having eaten rice as desired, you take it in your beak and go.

6.

Are you filling a granary there, parrot, or do you have animosity towards me;

Being asked, friend, tell me, where do you store the rice?

7.

I have no animosity towards you, I have no granary;

I pay off debt and give debt, having reached the cotton-silk tree;

I store a treasure there too - know this, Kosiya.

8.

What kind of debt-giving is yours, and what kind of debt-release;

Tell me about the treasure storage, then you will be released from the snares.

9.

My young children, wings not yet grown, O Kosiya;

They will support me who supported them, therefore I give debt to them.

10.

My mother and father are old, aged, their youth gone;

By feeding them with my beak, I pay off the former debt.

11.

There are other birds there too, with sharp wings and very weak;

For their benefit I give meritoriously, the wise call that a treasure.

12.

Such is my debt-giving, and such is my debt-release;

I declare the storing of treasure - know this, Kosiya.

13.

Auspicious indeed is this bird, a creature supremely righteous;

Among some human beings, this righteousness is not found.

14.

Eat rice as you wish, together with all your relatives;

Let me see you again, parrot, seeing you is dear to me.

15.

We have eaten and drunk in your hermitage, and spent the night in your presence, Kosiya;

Give gifts to those who have laid down the rod, and support your aged parents.

16.

Good fortune has indeed arisen for me today, that I have seen the best of birds;

Having heard the parrot's well-spoken words, I shall do abundant meritorious deeds.

17.

That Kosiya, delighted and elated, having prepared food and drink;

With a gladdened mind, satisfied ascetics and brahmins with food and drink.

The First Birth Story of the Rice Field.

485.

The Birth Story of the Moon Fairy (2)

18.

I think this is drawing near, in the moon stained with blood;

Today I abandon life, my life-forces cease in the moon.

19.

My suffering heart has sunk, it burns in me, I am exhausted;

When I, Candī, am sorrowing, not from other sorrows.

20.

Like grass, like a forest I wither, like an unfilled river I dry up;

When I, Candī, am sorrowing, not from other sorrows.

21.

Like rain in a lake at the foot, these tears flow from me;

When I, Candī, am sorrowing, not from other sorrows.

22.

You are evil, prince, who took my desired husband from poor me;

You shot in the forest's root, and he, being shot, lies on the ground.

23.

May your mother, O prince, take away this sorrow of my heart;

Which is my heart's sorrow, while looking at the kimpurisa.

24.

May your wife, O prince, take away this sorrow of my heart;

Which is my heart's sorrow, while looking at the kimpurisa.

25.

May your mother, O prince, not see either son or husband;

Who killed the kimpurisa, innocent, out of sensual desire for me.

26.

May your wife, O prince, not see either son or husband;

Who killed the kimpurisa, innocent, out of sensual desire for me.

27.

Do not weep, O lovely one, do not sorrow, you with eyes like forest darkness;

You will be my wife, honoured by women in the royal family.

28.

Surely I would rather die, I will not be yours, O prince;

Who killed the kimpurisa, innocent, out of sensual desire for me.

29.

O timid one, O one desiring life, kimpurisa, go to the Himalayas;

Living on talisa and tagara, other deer will delight with you.

30.

Those mountains and those ravines, and those mountain caves remain just as they are;

Not seeing you there, kimpurisa, how shall I be?

31.

Those leaf-strewn places are delightful, frequented by wild beasts;

Not seeing you there, kimpurisa, how shall I be?

32.

Those flower-strewn places are delightful, frequented by wild beasts;

Not seeing you there, kimpurisa, how shall I be?

33.

Clear mountain forest streams flow, their currents strewn with flowers;

Not seeing you there, kimpurisa, how shall I be?

34.

Blue are the peaks of the Himalaya mountain, beautiful to see;

Not seeing you there, kimpurisa, how shall I be?

35.

Yellow are the peaks of the Himalaya mountain, beautiful to see;

Not seeing you there, kimpurisa, how shall I be?

36.

Copper-coloured are the peaks of the Himalaya mountain, beautiful to see;

Not seeing you there, kimpurisa, how shall I be?

37.

Lofty are the peaks of the Himalaya mountain, beautiful to see;

Not seeing you there, kimpurisa, how shall I be?

38.

White are the peaks of the Himalaya mountain, beautiful to see;

Not seeing you there, kimpurisa, how shall I be?

39.

Many-coloured are the peaks of the Himalaya mountain, beautiful to see;

Not seeing you there, kimpurisa, how shall I be?

40.

In Gandhamādana frequented by groups of spirits, covered with medicinal herbs;

Not seeing you there, kimpurisa, how shall I be?

41.

In Gandhamādana frequented by kimpurisas, covered with medicinal herbs;

Not seeing you there, kimpurisa, how shall I be?

42.

I pay homage to you, noble deity, who took my desired husband from poor me;

He anointed me with the Deathless, I have come together with my dearest.

43.

Now let us wander in the mountain forest streams, their currents strewn with flowers;

Living in various trees, speaking pleasantly to one another.

The Birth Story of the Moon Fairy, Second.

486.

The Birth Story of the Great Osprey (3)

44.

Hunters and trappers bind torches to posts, the people wish to eat me;

Speak of a friend and companion, Senaka, tell of the disaster to the bird relatives.

45.

You are the foremost of birds among birds, O winged one, King Osprey, we take refuge in you;

The people wish to eat me, be for my happiness against the cruel trappers.

46.

Wise people make friends and companions, seeking happiness in time and not in time;

I do this good for you, Senaka, for a noble one does what needs to be done for a noble one.

47.

What should be done by one with compassion, this was done for you by a noble one with a noble one;

Be one who protects yourself, do not perish, we shall have our sons while you are living.

48.

Making protection and obstruction just for you, I do not tremble even at the breaking up of the body;

Some make friendship with friends, giving up life - this is the way of the good.

49.

This bird, born from an egg, did an extremely difficult deed;

The osprey for the good of its young ones, in the future at midnight.

50.

Some who have passed away, who have stumbled by their own actions, are established through friends' compassion;

My sons are attached, I have come to my destination, water-dweller, you should act for my good.

51.

With wealth and grain and themselves, wise people make friends and companions;

I do this good for you, Senaka, for a noble one does what needs to be done for a noble one.

52.

Sit at ease, dear one, a son acts for the good of his father;

I will act for this good of yours, protecting Sena's sons.

53.

Truly, dear one, this is the righteous Teaching, that a son should act for the good of his father;

Perhaps seeing my grown body, Sena's sons would not harass me.

54.

O best of noble hunters, when cattle and human beings are struck by fear, they go for refuge to the best;

My sons are attached, I have come to my destination, you are our king, be for my happiness.

55.

I do this good for you, Senaka, I come to that region for their destruction;

How indeed would a wise person who is capable and clearly comprehending not make an effort for the protection of one's own people?

56.

One should make a friend and a good-hearted person, and make a noble one for the coming of happiness;

Like one wearing a jacket, having struck with arrows, we rejoice being united with children.

57.

Through the action of one's own friend, of a companion who does not run away;

They sing in response to the singing, the hairy ones, heart-stirring.

58.

Having gained a friend and companion, the wise person enjoys children, cattle or wealth;

I and my children and my husband, being united through friends' compassion.

59.

There is good in having a king and having a hero, these belong to one with perfect friendship;

One with friends and fame, of elevated self, rejoices in this world desiring sensual pleasures.

60.

Even a poor person, Senaka, should make friends;

See how through friends' compassion, we are in concord with relatives.

61.

When a person makes friends with one who is brave and strong;

Thus one becomes happy, just as I and you, Senaka.

The Birth Story of the Great Osprey, the third.

487.

The Birth Story of Uddālaka (4)

62.

Wearing rough animal hides, with matted hair and dirt-covered teeth, these unsightly ones who recite sacred texts;

I wonder if through these human practices, they who know this are freed from the planes of misery.

63.

You would do evil actions, O king, even if one is learned but does not practice the Teaching;

Even with a thousand sacred texts, one is not freed from suffering without attaining good conduct.

64.

Even with a thousand sacred texts, one is not freed from suffering without attaining good conduct;

I think the sacred texts are fruitless, only virtuous conduct with self-control is truth.

65.

The sacred texts are indeed not fruitless, virtuous conduct with self-control is indeed truth;

For one gains fame by mastering the sacred texts, and attains peace through conduct when tamed.

66.

Mother and father are dependents, relatives, by whom one is born is indeed oneself;

I am Uddālaka, born in a family of learned brahmins.

67.

"How, good sir, does one become a brahmin, how does one become consummate;

And what is final Nibbāna, how is one called established in the Teaching?"

68.

Having made preparations and taking the fire, a brahmin, sprinkling water and offering sacrifice, raises a sacrificial post;

Doing thus a brahmin becomes secure, by this they measure one established in the Teaching.

69.

There is no purity through sprinkling, nor is a brahmin consummate;

Neither through patience nor through mildness, nor is he one attained to final Nibbāna.

70.

"How does one become a brahmin, how does one become consummate;

And what is final Nibbāna, how is one called established in the Teaching?"

71.

Without bondage to fields, without possessions, without expectation, without evil greed, with existence-greed destroyed;

Doing thus a brahmin becomes secure, by this they measure one established in the Teaching.

72.

Nobles, brahmins, merchants, workers, outcasts and scavengers;

All are peaceful and restrained, all have attained final Nibbāna;

Among all who have become cool, there are better and worse.

73.

Nobles, brahmins, merchants, workers, outcasts and scavengers;

All are peaceful and restrained, all have attained final Nibbāna;

Among all who have become cool, there are no better and worse.

74.

Nobles, brahmins, merchants, workers, outcasts and scavengers;

All are peaceful and restrained, all have attained final Nibbāna.

75.

Among all who have become cool, there are no better and worse;

You practise the holy life in vain, the lineage of learned families.

76.

With variously dyed clothes, the mansion is covered;

That lust does not arise from the shadow of those clothes.

77.

Even so among human beings, when young men become pure;

They are released from their birth, having understood the Teaching, those of good observance.

The Birth Story of Uddālaka, the fourth.

488.

The Birth Story of the Lotus Root (5)

78.

May he obtain here horses, cattle, silver and gold, and an agreeable wife;

May he be united with children and wife, he who took your lotus roots, brahmin.

79.

May he wear garlands and Kāsi sandalwood, may he have many children;

May he develop strong attachment to sensual pleasures, he who took your lotus roots, brahmin.

80.

May he be a householder of great wealth from farming, famous, with children, rich, having all sensual pleasures;

May he dwell in a house without seeing air, he who took your lotus roots, brahmin.

81.

May he be a noble of forceful action, a king of kings, powerful and famous;

May he rule the earth bounded by four oceans, he who took your lotus roots, brahmin.

82.

May he be a brahmin not free from lust, engaged in astrology for brief moments;

May the famous rulers of kingdoms honour him, he who took your lotus roots, brahmin.

83.

May the whole world consider him a reciter, complete in all ancient scriptures, among ascetics;

May the people of the country come together to honour him, he who took your lotus roots, brahmin.

84.

A prosperous village granted by the king, resounding with four sounds, may he enjoy that;

May he meet death not free from lust, he who took your lotus roots, brahmin.

85.

May he be a village chief in the midst of companions, delighting in dancing and singing;

May he receive some disaster from the king, he who took your lotus roots, brahmin.

86.

When a single king, having conquered the earth, may establish her as foremost among a thousand women;

May she be the most excellent among noble ladies, she who took your lotus roots, brahmin.

87.

When all the sages have gathered together, may she eat delicious food without trembling;

May she go about boasting of her gains, she who took your lotus roots, brahmin.

88.

May he be a resident in a great monastery, may he be a builder in Gajangala;

May he make light openings all day long, he who took your lotus roots, brahmin.

89.

May he be bound with six hundred snares, may he be led from the delightful forest to the royal city;

May he be struck with goads and whips, he who took your lotus roots, brahmin.

90.

Wearing a garland of lac, with tin rings in his ears, beaten with sticks, may he approach a snake's mouth;

With his armpit bound, may he wander the streets, he who took your lotus roots, brahmin.

91.

One who declares what is not lost to be lost, may he obtain and enjoy just sensual pleasures;

Let him meet death in the midst of a house, or whoever, sirs, doubts anything.

92.

What they seek as they wander in the world, what is desirable and agreeable to many;

What is dear and charming here in the living world, why do sages not praise sensual pleasures.

93.

Through sensual pleasures they are slain and bound, from sensual pleasures suffering and fear are born;

Heedless in sensual pleasures, rulers of beings through delusion perform evil actions.

94.

Those of evil nature, having produced evil, with the breaking up of the body go to hell;

Having seen the danger in the cords of sensual pleasure, therefore sages do not praise sensual pleasures.

95.

Investigating the lotus stalks of the sage, having taken them at the bank, I placed them on dry ground;

Pure and free from evil do the sages live, these are your lotus stalks, celibate one.

96.

They are not dancers nor performers, they are neither your relatives nor companions;

On what basis, thousand-eyed one, do you play with the sages, king of deities?

97.

You are my teacher and my father, this is the support when one stumbles, O sublime one;

Forgive one transgression, O widely wise one, the wise do not become strong with anger.

98.

Well-spent was that one night with the sages, that we have seen Vāsava, the lord of beings;

May all beings be happy-minded, when the brahmin gathered lotus roots.

99.

I and Sāriputta, and Moggallāna and Kassapa;

Anuruddha, Puṇṇa, Ānanda, were then seven brothers.

100.

Sister Uppalavaṇṇā, and the servant Khujjuttarā then;

Citta the householder was a slave, and the spirit Sātāgira then.

101.

Pālileya was then the dragon, Madhuda the noble monkey;

Kāḷudāyī was then Sakka - thus remember the birth story.

The Birth Story of the Lotus Root, the fifth.

489.

The Birth Story of Suruci (6)

102.

I was the chief queen of Suruci, the first wife brought;

For ten thousand years, Suruci honoured me.

103.

I, brahmin, the king, Videha, lord of Mithila;

I do not recall with body, speech, or mind,

Ever being arrogant towards Suruci, whether in public or in secret.

104.

By this truth-utterance, may a son be born, sage;

If I speak falsely, may my head split into seven pieces.

105.

My husband's mother was my mother-in-law, and his father was my father-in-law;

They were my instructors, brahmin, as long as their life lasted.

106.

I delighted in non-violence, willingly practising the Teaching;

I attended to them respectfully, untiring day and night.

107.

By this truth-utterance, may a son be born, sage;

If I speak falsely, may my head split into seven pieces.

108.

Sixteen thousand women, along with their husbands, brahmin;

I never had envy or anger towards them.

109.

I delight in their welfare, and none of them is displeasing to me;

I have compassion for all co-wives, just as for myself.

110.

By this truth-utterance, may a son be born, sage;

If I speak falsely, may my head split into seven pieces.

111.

Slaves, workers, servants, and others who live in dependence;

I send them together with the Teaching, always with joyful faculties.

112.

By this truth-utterance, may a son be born, sage;

If I speak falsely, may my head split into seven pieces.

113.

Ascetics and brahmins too, and other mendicants;

I satisfy them with food and drink, always with clean hands.

114.

By this truth-utterance, may a son be born, sage;

If I speak falsely, may my head split into seven pieces.

115.

The fourteenth, fifteenth, and the eighth of the fortnight;

And the special observance day, well endowed with the eight factors;

I observe the Uposatha, always restrained in virtuous behavior.

116.

By this truth-utterance, may a son be born, sage;

If I speak falsely, may my head split into seven pieces.

117.

All those qualities of the Teaching, glorious princess;

Are found in you, dear one, which you claim for yourself.

118.

A noble accomplished in birth, well-born and glorious;

A righteous king of the Videhans, will be born as your son.

119.

Covered with dust and dirt, standing in misery in the air;

You speak pleasing speech that penetrates my heart.

120.

Are you a deity from heaven, or a sage with great spiritual power;

Who are you that has come? Reveal yourself to me.

121.

The one whom companies of deities worship, when assembled in Sudhamma;

I am Sakka of a thousand eyes, come into your presence.

122.

Among women in the world of living beings, one who is of righteous conduct,

Wise, virtuous, devoted to mother-in-law, faithful to husband.

123.

To such a wise woman, a woman of pure action;

Deities come to see, both human and non-human.

124.

And you, good lady, through well-performed deeds, and through good conduct in the past;

Born here in a royal family, fulfilled with all sensual pleasures.

125.

And for you, princess, there is taking hold of both ways;

Rebirth in the world of deities, and fame in this life.

126.

Long may you be happy, Sumedhā, protect the Teaching within yourself;

I am going to the realm of the thirty-three deities, seeing you is dear to me.

The Birth Story of Suruci, the sixth.

490.

The Birth Story of the Five Who Keep the Observance (7)

127.

Now you live at ease, dove, winged one, you have no need of food;

Enduring hunger and thirst, why are you, sir dove, one who keeps the observance?

128.

Formerly I was attached to a female dove, we both delighted in this place;

Then the bird-catcher caught the female dove, unwillingly I was separated from her.

129.

Due to separation from her through different existences, I experience mind-made feeling;

Therefore I observe the observance, lest lust come to me again.

130.

You who go crookedly, serpent with forked tongue, with fangs as weapons, you are a snake with terrible venom;

Enduring hunger and thirst, why are you, sir snake, one who keeps the observance?

131.

There was a bull, strong, belonging to a village headman, with a moving hump, endowed with beauty and strength;

Angry, I kicked him and bit him, overcome with pain, he came to death.

132.

Then the people, having left the village, having wept and cried, went away;

Therefore I observe the observance, lest anger come to me again.

133.

There are many corpses in the cemetery, that is pleasant-looking food for you;

Enduring hunger and thirst, why are you, sir jackal, one who keeps the observance?

134.

I entered the belly of a great elephant, delighting in the corpse, greedy for elephant flesh;

And the hot wind and sharp rays dried up his intestinal path.

135.

I was thin and pale, venerable sir, there was no path for me to exit;

And suddenly a great cloud rained, it wetted his path of dung.

136.

Then I departed, venerable sir, like the moon released from Rāhu's mouth;

Therefore I observe the observance, lest greed come to me again.

137.

Formerly you prowled about, destroying ants in an anthill;

Enduring hunger and thirst, why are you, sir bear, one who keeps the observance?

138.

Despising my own dwelling, through excessive desire I went to a wrestling village;

Then the people, having left the village, beat me with sticks.

139.

With head broken and limbs covered in blood, I returned to my own dwelling;

Therefore I observe the observance, lest excessive desire come to me again.

140.

What you asked us, venerable sir, we have all explained as we understand it;

We too ask you, venerable sir, why are you, sir deity, one who keeps the observance?

141.

Unattached in my hermitage, a Privately Enlightened One sat for a moment;

He knew my destination and wrong course, my name and clan and all my conduct.

142.

Thus I did not venerate his feet, nor did I ask him with conceit;

Therefore I observe the observance, lest conceit come to me again.

The Birth Story of the Five Who Keep the Observance, the seventh.

491.

The Great Birth Story of the Peacock (8)

143.

If indeed I am caught by you for the sake of money, do not kill me having caught me alive;

And take me, friend, to the presence of the king, I think you will receive no small amount of money.

144.

This hoof-tipped arrow on my concentrated bowstring today is not for your death;

And I will release you from the snare, may the peacock king go as he pleases.

145.

For seven years you pursued me, enduring hunger and thirst day and night;

Then why do you wish to free me from bondage, when I am brought under the power of the snare.

146.

"Abstaining from the destruction of life, have you given freedom from fear to all beings;

That you wish to free me from bondage, when I am brought under the power of the snare.

147.

Tell me of one who abstains from the destruction of life, and who gives freedom from fear to all beings;

I ask you this matter, king of peacocks, what happiness does one gain after passing away from here.

148.

I tell you of one who abstains from the destruction of life, and who gives freedom from fear to all beings;

In this very life one gains praise, and after the breakup of the body one goes to heaven.

149.

Some say there are no deities, the soul comes to extermination right here;

Thus they say the fruit of good and bad actions, and giving is a mere description;

Believing their words to be proper, therefore I harm the birds.

150.

The moon and sun, both beautiful to see, move illuminating the sky;

Are they of this world or the beyond, how do they speak of them in the human world.

151.

The moon and sun, both beautiful to see, move illuminating the sky;

They are of the beyond, not of this world, they speak of them as deities in the human world.

152.

Right here these low doctrines are faultless, those who do not speak of action as having a cause;

Thus they say the fruit of good and bad actions, and giving is a mere description.

153.

Indeed this word of yours is truth, for how could giving be without fruit;

Thus how could there be fruit of good and bad actions, and giving be a mere description.

154.

What should I do, how should I act, what conduct should I follow, what should I pursue, with what quality of austerity;

Tell me this purpose, O king of peacocks, so that I may not fall into hell.

155.

Whatever recluses there are on earth, wearing ochre robes, they are in homelessness;

They walk for alms early at the proper time, for the peaceful ones refrain from walking at the wrong time.

156.

Having approached them there at the proper time, ask whatever would be pleasing to your mind;

They will tell you according to their understanding, the good of this world and the beyond.

157.

Like a snake its old worn out skin, like a green tree its yellowed leaves;

This cruel nature of mine is abandoned, today I abandon my hunter's nature.

158.

And those birds that I have imprisoned, many hundreds in my dwelling;

Today I give them their lives, and they have attained freedom to their own homes.

159.

A hunter wandered in the forest with snare in hand, to trap the glorious king of peacocks;

Having imprisoned the glorious king of peacocks, he was freed from suffering just as I am freed.

The Great Birth Story of the Peacock, the eighth.

492.

The Birth Story of the Carpenter Pig (9)

160.

While searching we wandered, through mountains and forests;

Wandering in search of relatives, they have been found by me.

161.

There are many roots and fruits here, and abundant food;

These mountain streams are delightful, living here will be comfortable.

162.

Here I will dwell, together with all my relatives;

Living at ease, free from anxiety, sorrowless and free from fear.

163.

Search for another cave, an enemy exists here;

He kills boars having come here, the choicest ones.

164.

Who is your enemy here, who are the relatives well gathered?

He destroys what is hard to destroy, tell me this when asked.

165.

The king of beasts with upraised stripes, the powerful beast with fangs as weapons;

He kills boars having come here, the choicest ones.

166.

We have no fangs, no strength is stored in our body;

All being in concord, we shall bring one under control.

167.

Heart-stirring and pleasing to the ear, you speak words, O carpenter;

Even one who would flee from battle, him too we shall kill afterwards.

168.

Are you abstaining from the destruction of life today, have you given freedom from fear to all beings;

Do you not have fangs for killing deer, you who, having joined the Community, meditate like a wretch?

169.

I have no fangs, no strength is stored in my body;

And having seen relatives in concord together, therefore I meditate alone in the forest.

170.

These indeed went in all directions before, being afraid, many seeking shelter;

Now they dwell together in one place, where established they are hard for me to overcome today.

171.

Endowed with leaders, united, of one doctrine;

They would harm me in their unity, therefore I do not long for them.

172.

Alone Indra conquers the titans, alone the hawk forcibly kills the birds;

Alone the tiger reaching the herd of deer, kills the choicest ones, for such is its strength.

173.

Not indeed Indra, nor the hawk, nor the tiger, lord of beasts;

Can bring under control relatives who are in concord and united.

174.

Small crocodiles and small birds, living in groups, moving in companies;

Rejoicing together in unity, they fly up and soar.

175.

And while they are soaring, one here withdraws;

The hawk strikes that one down, such is the destination of one who separates.

176.

Urged on by the matted-hair ascetic, with cruel eyes fixed on material things;

The tusked one rushed among the tusked ones, conceiving it to be as before.

177.

Good indeed are many relatives, even trees born in the forest;

By united pigs, a tiger was killed on a one-way path.

178.

Having killed both a brahmin and a tiger, the pigs,

Delighted and joyful, let out a great roar.

179.

Those pigs well assembled at the root of a fig tree;

They consecrated the Carpenter, saying: "You are our king and lord."

The Birth Story of the Carpenter Pig, the ninth.

493.

The Birth Story of the Great Merchant (10)

180.

Merchants having formed an assembly, coming from various countries;

Set out seeking wealth, having made one their leader.

181.

Having reached that wilderness with little food and no water,

They saw a great banyan tree, with cool shade, delightful.

182.

And having sat down there in the shade of that tree;

The merchants reflected, fools wrapped in delusion.

183.

"This tree is moist, as if water is flowing;

Come, merchants, let us cut its front branch."

184.

And when cut, it flowed forth clear, unpolluted water;

Having bathed and drunk there, the merchants did as they wished.

185.

They reflected a second time, fools wrapped in delusion;

"Come, merchants, let us cut its right branch."

186.

And when cut, it flowed forth much rice and meat curry;

Light-coloured gruel, split pea soup.

187.

Having eaten and consumed there, the merchants did as they wished;

They reflected a third time, fools wrapped in delusion;

"Come, merchants, let us cut its back branch."

188.

And when cut, it flowed forth adorned women;

In various clothes and ornaments, wearing jewelled earrings.

189.

Indeed, twenty-five women, merchants alone;

Surrounded all around in the shade of that tree.

190.

Having enjoyed with them as much as they wished, the merchants;

Reflected a fourth time, fools wrapped in delusion;

"Come, merchants, let us cut its northern branch."

191.

And when cut, it flowed forth many pearls and lapis lazuli;

Silver and gold, and upper garments and cloth.

192.

And Kasika cloths, and woollen blankets;

Having tied them into bundles there, the merchants took as much as they wished.

193.

They reflected a fifth time, fools wrapped in delusion;

"Come, let us cut its roots, perhaps we might gain even more."

194.

Then the caravan leader arose, making reverential salutation and pleading:

"What wrong has the banyan tree done, merchants, may there be blessing for you."

195.

"The eastern branches give water, and the southern food and drink,

The western branches give women, and the northern all sensual pleasures;

"What wrong has the banyan tree done, merchants, may there be blessing for you."

196.

In whose tree's shade, one might sit or lie down;

One should not break its branch, for betrayal of a friend is evil.

197.

And they, the many, not heeding his words, following one person's words;

With sharpened axes, approached it at the root.

198.

Then twenty-five dragons emerged, fully armed;

Three hundred archers, and six thousand in armour.

199.

Kill and bind these, let none escape with their life;

Except for the caravan leader, reduce them all to ashes.

200.

Therefore a wise person, seeing what is good for oneself;

Should not come under the power of greed, should destroy such hostile thoughts.

201.

Having known thus the danger, craving as the origin of suffering;

Free from craving, without grasping, a mindful monk should wander forth.

The Birth Story of the Great Merchant, the tenth.

494.

The Birth Story of Sādhina (11)

202.

Indeed a wonder in the world has arisen, causing terror;

A divine chariot appeared for Videha of great fame.

203.

A young deity of great spiritual power, Mātali the divine charioteer;

Invited the king, Videha, lord of Mithila.

204.

Come, mount this chariot, supreme king, lord of regions;

The Tāvatiṃsa devas with Inda wish to see you;

For remembering you, the deities have assembled in the Sudhamma hall.

205.

Then King Sādhina of Videha, ruler of Mithila,

Mounting the chariot yoked to a thousand, went to the presence of the deities;

The deities welcomed him, seeing the king had arrived.

206.

Welcome to you, great king, and you have not come far;

Please be seated now, O sage-king, near the king of deities.

207.

Sakka too welcomed the Videhan, ruler of Mithila;

Vāsava invited him with sensual pleasures and with a seat.

208.

"It is good that you have come to the abode of those who wield power;

Dwell among the deities, O sage-king, who are accomplished in all sensual pleasures;

Among the Tāvatiṃsa deities, enjoy non-human sensual pleasures."

209.

"Formerly when gone to heaven I delighted in dances, songs and music;

But now today I do not delight in heaven, is my life-span exhausted or is death near;

Or am I confused, O best of leaders of men?"

210.

"Neither is your life-span exhausted nor is death far, nor are you confused, O best of heroic men;

But your merits are limited, of which you have felt the result here."

211.

Live by the power of deities, supreme king, lord of the quarters;

Among the Tāvatiṃsa deities, enjoy non-human sensual pleasures."

212.

Just as a borrowed vehicle, just as borrowed wealth;

Even so is this, which comes from another's giving as condition.

213.

I do not wish for this, which comes from another's giving as condition;

The merits made by myself, that is my personal wealth.

214.

Having gone among human beings, I will do much wholesome action;

Through giving, righteous conduct, self-control and taming;

Having done which one is happy, and does not regret afterwards.

215.

These are those fields, this is the gold necklace;

These are those green meadows, these are the flowing rivers.

216.

These are those delightful lotus ponds, resonant with ruddy geese;

Covered with mandālaka flowers, and with lotuses and water lilies;

Those who cherished these, to which direction have they gone?

217.

Those fields are here, that ground, those very parks and woodlands;

Not seeing those same people, Nārada, the directions appear empty to me.

218.

I have seen the mansions, illuminating the four directions;

In the presence of the king of deities, and in the presence of the Thirty.

219.

I have dwelt in a divine abode, I have enjoyed non-human sensual pleasures;

Among the Tāvatiṃsa deities, who are accomplished in all sensual pleasures.

220.

Having abandoned such as this, I have come here for merit;

I will practise only the Teaching, I am not interested in kingship.

221.

The path where no force prevails, taught by the Perfectly Enlightened One;

That path I will enter upon, by which the virtuous go.

The Birth Story of Sādhina, the eleventh.

495.

The Birth Story of the Ten Brahmins (12)

222.

King Yudhiṭṭhila, who loved the Teaching, spoke to Vidhura;

"Vidhura, seek out brahmins who are virtuous and learned.

223.

Those who abstain from sexual intercourse, who would eat my food;

We shall give proper gifts, where what is given bears great fruit.

224.

"O king, rare are brahmins who are virtuous and learned;

Who abstain from sexual intercourse, who would eat your food.

225.

Great king, there are indeed ten kinds of brahmin births;

Listen to me as I explain their analysis and investigation in detail.

226.

Taking bags filled with roots and sealed,

They tie up medicinal herbs, give baths and chant.

227.

Like physicians, O king, they too are called brahmins;

I have explained them to you, great king, let us bow to such ones.

228.

They have departed from the brahmin state,

(Thus King Korabya)

They are not called brahmins;

Vidhura, seek out others who are virtuous and learned.

229.

Those who abstain from sexual intercourse, who would eat my food;

We shall give proper gifts, where what is given bears great fruit.

230.

Having taken small bells, they make them ring even in front;

They also go on errands, they train in chariot-driving.

231.

Like attendants, O king, they too are called brahmins;

I have explained them to you, great king, let us bow to such ones.

232.

They have departed from the brahmin state,

(Thus King Korabya)

They are not called brahmins;

Vidhura, seek out others who are virtuous and learned.

233.

Those who abstain from sexual intercourse, who would eat my food;

We shall give proper gifts, where what is given bears great fruit.

234.

Taking the water pot and the crooked staff, the brahmins;

Will wait upon kings, in villages and market towns;

We will not rise without being given, whether in village or forest.

235.

Like oppressors, O king, they too are called brahmins;

I have explained them to you, great king, let us bow to such ones.

236.

They have departed from the brahmin state,

(Thus King Korabya)

They are not called brahmins;

Vidhura, seek out others who are virtuous and learned.

237.

Those who abstain from sexual intercourse, who would eat my food;

We shall give proper gifts, where what is given bears great fruit.

238.

With overgrown armpits and body hair, teeth covered with dirt, head covered with dust;

Covered with dust and dirt, they wander about as beggars.

239.

Like post-diggers, O king, they too are called brahmins;

I have explained them to you, great king, let us bow to such ones.

240.

They have departed from the brahmin state,

(Thus King Korabya)

They are not called brahmins;

Vidhura, seek out others who are virtuous and learned.

241.

Those who abstain from sexual intercourse, who would eat my food;

We shall give proper gifts, where what is given bears great fruit.

242.

Yellow myrobalan, emblic myrobalan, mango, rose-apple, beleric myrobalan;

Breadfruit, tooth-cleaners, wood-apple and jujube fruits.

243.

Royal jasmine, sugarcane stalks, smoking pipes, honey and collyrium;

Various kinds of merchandise, O ruler of people, they sell.

244.

Like merchants, O king, they too are called brahmins;

I have explained them to you, great king, let us bow to such ones.

245.

They have departed from the brahmin state,

(Thus King Korabya)

They are not called brahmins;

Vidhura, seek out others who are virtuous and learned.

246.

Those who abstain from sexual intercourse, who would eat my food;

We shall give proper gifts, where what is given bears great fruit.

247.

They engage in farming and trade, they raise goats and sheep;

They give away maidens, and arrange marriages.

248.

Equal to outcastes and merchants, they too are called brahmins;

I have explained them to you, great king, let us bow to such ones.

249.

They have departed from the brahmin state,

(Thus King Korabya)

They are not called brahmins;

Vidhura, seek out others who are virtuous and learned.

250.

Those who abstain from sexual intercourse, who would eat my food;

We shall give proper gifts, where what is given bears great fruit.

251.

Some chaplains in villages eat food that has been set aside;

Many of them inquire, those who castrate and brand.

252.

There they kill animals, buffaloes, pigs, and goats;

Like butchers, O king, they too are called brahmins;

I have explained them to you, great king, let us bow to such ones.

253.

They have fallen from brahminhood,

(Thus King Korabya)

They are not called brahmins;

Vidhura, seek out others who are virtuous and learned.

254.

Those who abstain from sexual intercourse, who would eat my food;

We shall give proper gifts, where what is given bears great fruit.

255.

When brahmins taking shield and sword, raising up weapons,

Stand on merchant paths, and draw out their weapons.

256.

Equal to cowherds and outcasts, they too are called brahmins;

I have explained them to you, great king, let us bow to such ones.

257.

They have fallen from brahminhood,

(Thus King Korabya)

They are not called brahmins;

Vidhura, seek out others who are virtuous and learned.

258.

Those who abstain from sexual intercourse, who would eat my food;

We shall give proper gifts, where what is given bears great fruit.

259.

Having made a hut in the forest, they make traps;

They catch rabbits and cats, monitors, fish and tortoises.

260.

Like hunters, O king, they too are called brahmins;

I have explained them to you, great king, let us bow to such ones.

261.

They have fallen from brahminhood,

(Thus King Korabya)

They are not called brahmins;

Vidhura, seek out others who are virtuous and learned.

262.

Those who abstain from sexual intercourse, who would eat my food;

We shall give proper gifts, where what is given bears great fruit.

263.

For others desire wealth, crawling beneath the bed;

Kings bathe above, when the soma sacrifice is set up.

264.

Like washermen, O king, they too are called brahmins;

I have explained them to you, great king, let us bow to such ones.

265.

They have fallen from brahminhood,

(Thus King Korabya)

They are not called brahmins;

Vidhura, seek out others who are virtuous and learned.

266.

Those who abstain from sexual intercourse, who would eat my food;

We shall give proper gifts, where what is given bears great fruit.

267.

There are, brahmin deities, virtuous and learned;

Who abstain from sexual intercourse, who would eat your food.

268.

They eat only one meal, and do not drink intoxicants;

I have explained them to you, great king, let us bow to such ones.

269.

These brahmins, Vidhura, are virtuous and learned;

Seek these out, Vidhura, and quickly invite them.

The Birth Story of the Ten Brahmins, the twelfth.

496.

The Birth Story of the Alms Round (13)

270.

Having seen one of delicate form, who had come from the kingdom to the forest;

Furnished with peaked dwellings, attended by a great bed.

271.

Out of affection for him, I gave him cooked rice;

Rice food selected from fine rice, clean and sprinkled with meat sauce.

272.

Having received that food, you gave it to the brahmin;

Without eating yourself, what principle is this? Homage to you.

273.

The brahmin is my teacher, engaged in various duties;

Respected and worthy of being addressed, I should give him food.

274.

Now I ask the brahmin Gotama, honoured by kings;

The king gave you a meal, pure with meat sauce.

275.

Having received that food, you gave the meal to the sage;

You do not know the field of giving, what principle is this? Homage to you.

276.

I support sons and wives, I am attached to household life;

I enjoy human sensual pleasures, I advise kings.

277.

To a forest-dwelling sage, long practicing austerities;

To one who is mature and self-developed, I am worthy to give a meal.

278.

Now I ask the sage, lean, with veins showing;

With overgrown armpit and nail hair, teeth covered in plaque, head covered in dust.

279.

You dwell alone in the forest, you do not long for life;

Monk, how are you better than him, to whom you gave food.

280.

Digging up yams and tubers, and wood-apples and takkalas;

Shaking off millet and wild rice, gathering and spreading them out.

281.

Vegetables, lotus roots, honey, meat, and jujube and myrobalan fruits;

Having brought these I eat them, this is my possession.

282.

Cooking for one who does not cook, owning something for one who owns nothing;

Taking for one who does not take, I am worthy to give food.

283.

Now I ask the monk, who sits silently, of good observance;

The sage gave you a meal, pure with meat sauce.

284.

Having received that food, you eat alone in silence;

You do not invite anyone else, what principle is this? Homage to you.

285.

I do not cook nor cause to cook, I do not cut nor cause to cut;

Knowing me as one who owns nothing, abstaining from all evil.

286.

Taking alms with the left hand, and the water pot with the right,

The sage gave me a meal, pure with meat sauce.

287.

These indeed are worthy to give, righteous with possessions;

I conceive it to be contrary, one who would invite a giver.

288.

For my benefit indeed today, the chariot-bull came here;

For today I understand where what is given bears great fruit.

289.

Kings are greedy for kingdoms, brahmins for their various duties;

Sages are greedy for roots and fruits, and monks are fully liberated.

The Birth Story of the Alms Round, the thirteenth.

Here is its summary -

The parrot, kinnara, released, donkey-skin wearer, lotus-born, great sage, and noble pigeon;

Then the peacock, carpenter, merchant, and then the king with the brahmin and beggar.

The Miscellaneous Chapter is finished.

15.

The Book of Twenties

497.

The Birth Story of Mātaṅga (1)

1.

Where do you come from, forest dweller, stooped low like a dust-ghost;

With rags from the rubbish heap around your neck, who are you, unworthy one?

2.

This food is prepared for you, glorious one, to be eaten, consumed and drunk;

You know me as one who lives on what others give, let this outcaste receive the leftovers.

3.

This food is prepared for brahmins, this is for my own purpose, for those who have faith in me;

Go away from here, why are you standing here? People like me do not give to a wretch like you.

4.

They sow seeds on high ground and low ground, expecting fruit in watery fields;

With this faith give a gift, perhaps you may please those worthy of offerings.

5.

Fields are known to me in the world, where I establish seeds;

Those brahmins endowed with birth and wisdom, these fields here are very excellent.

6.

Pride of birth and arrogance, and greed and hatred and vanity and delusion;

All these faults that exist in them, these fields here are not excellent.

7.

Pride of birth and arrogance, and greed and hatred and vanity and delusion;

All these faults that do not exist in them, these fields here are excellent.

8.

Where have gone here the sub-teachers and the preceptor or Gandakucchi;

Having given this one punishment and death, seize him by the neck and destroy this wretch.

9.

You dig the mountain with your nail, you chew iron with your teeth;

You push against the sacred fire, you who abuse the sage.

10.

Having said this, Mātaṅga, the sage of true exertion;

Departed into the sky, while the brahmins looked on.

11.

His head twisted back, he stretches out his useless arm;

His eyes white like those of a dead person, who made my son like this?

12.

Here came an ascetic, a forest dweller, stooped low like a dust-ghost;

With rags from the rubbish heap around his neck, he made your son like this.

13.

In which direction did the one of vast wisdom go, tell me this meaning, young men;

Having gone, let us make amends for the transgression, perhaps we might obtain his life, son.

14.

The one of vast wisdom went through the air, like the moon on the fifteenth day of the fortnight;

And indeed he went to the eastern direction, the sage of righteous appearance, true to his word.

15.

His head twisted back, he stretches out his useless arm;

His eyes white like those of a dead person, who made my son like this?

16.

Indeed there are spirits of great power, and sages of righteous appearance who have come;

Having known his corrupted and angry mind, those spirits indeed made your son like this.

17.

The spirits made my son thus, do not be angry with me, holy one;

I have gone to refuge at your feet, monk, I have come following sorrow for my son.

18.

For both then and now, I have no mental hatred whatsoever;

And your son, intoxicated with inspiration, knows not the good, having learnt the ancient scriptures.

19.

Indeed surely, monk, in a moment, a person's perception becomes confused;

Forgive one transgression, O widely wise one, the wise do not become strong with anger.

20.

And let this alms food of mine, let the foolish Maṇḍabya eat it;

The spirits would not harass him, and your son will be healthy.

21.

Mandabya, you are a fool of little wisdom, who is unskilled in fields of merit;

You give gifts to those of great defilements, to those unrestrained in defiled actions.

22.

With matted hair and wearing animal skins, with face overgrown like an old well,

Look at this generation of ugly form, matted hair and animal skin do not protect one lacking wisdom.

23.

Those in whom lust and hatred and ignorance have faded away;

The arahants with taints destroyed, what is given to them bears great fruit.

The First Birth Story of Mātaṅga.

498.

The Birth Story of Citta and Sambhūta (2)

24.

All that is well done by people bears fruit, no action is ever fruitless;

I see Sambhūta of great power, endowed with the meritorious fruit of his own action.

25.

All that is well done by people bears fruit, no action is ever fruitless;

I wonder if it is the same for Citta too, is his mind as successful as mine?

26.

All that is well done by people bears fruit, no action is ever fruitless;

Know that Citta's mind too is just the same, deity, his mind is as successful as yours.

27.

Did you learn about venerable Citta from someone else, or did someone tell you this;

The verses are well sung, I have no perplexity, I give you a hundred excellent villages.

28.

I am not conceited by learning from others, and a sage told me this purpose:

"Having gone to the king, receive a verse, perhaps satisfied he would give you a boon."

29.

Let them yoke the royal chariots, well-made with decorated coverings;

Fasten the girth on the elephants, put on their neck ornaments.

30.

Let them strike the drums, tambourines and conches, and let them yoke swift vehicles;

Today I shall go to that hermitage, where I shall see the sage seated.

31.

It was indeed a well-gotten gain for me, verses well-sung in the midst of the assembly;

Having seen that sage endowed with virtue, I am joyful and happy.

32.

A seat, water, foot-washing water, may the Venerable One accept from us;

We ask the Venerable One about the offering, may the Venerable One set a value for us.

33.

And let them make a delightful dwelling for you, let yourself be attended by groups of women;

Make room as a favour, let us both make you a ruler.

34.

Having seen the fruit of misconduct, O king, and also the great result of good conduct,

I shall exercise self-control over myself, I do not long for children, cattle or wealth.

35.

Just these ten decades are the life of mortals here;

Not having attained that goal, one dries up like a cut reed.

36.

What delight is there in that, what play, what pleasure, what search for wealth;

What use to me are children and wife, O king, I am freed from bondage.

37.

Thus I understand, death does not neglect me;

When overcome by the End-maker, what pleasure, what search for wealth?

38.

Birth is lowest among humans, O lord of people, an outcast's womb is lowest among bipeds;

Due to our own very evil actions, we previously dwelt in an outcast's womb.

39.

We were outcasts in Avanti, hunters by the Nerañjarā;

The brahmins and nobles today are like ospreys on the bank of the Nammadā.

40.

Life is led on, the life span is short; for one overcome by aging, there are no protectors;

Pañcāla, follow this word of mine, do not perform actions that bring suffering.

41.

Life is led on, the life span is short; for one overcome by aging, there are no protectors;

Pañcāla, follow this word of mine, do not perform actions that have suffering as their fruit.

42.

Life is led on, the life span is short; for one overcome by aging, there are no protectors;

Pañcāla, follow this word of mine, do not perform actions that are defiled.

43.

Life is led on, the life span is short; aging destroys the beauty of a person growing old;

Pañcāla, follow this word of mine, do not perform action leading to rebirth in hell.

44.

Indeed this word of yours is truth, just as you say, sage, so it is;

I have abundant sensual pleasures, they are hard to give up for one like me, monk.

45.

Just as a bull elephant sunk in mud, seeing dry land, is unable to go there;

Even so I, sunk in the mud of sensual pleasures, do not follow the monk's path.

46.

Just as mother and father instruct their son, how he might be happy;

Even so, Venerable Sir, instruct me, how I might be happy for long after death.

47.

If you are not able, O lord of people, to abandon these human sensual pleasures;

Establish righteous offerings, O king, let there not be unrighteous conduct in your realm.

48.

Let messengers run to the four directions, inviting ascetics and brahmins;

Attend to them with food and drink, and with cloth and lodging conditions.

49.

With a gladdened mind, satisfy ascetics and brahmins with food and drink;

Having given and enjoyed according to one's means, blameless, reach the heavenly state.

50.

And if royal vanity should overcome you, while being attended by groups of women;

Keep this verse in mind, and speak it in the midst of the assembly.

51.

A being who slept in the open, was suckled with milk while walking,

Surrounded by dogs, is today called a king.

The Birth Story of Citta and Sambhūta, the second.

499.

The Birth Story of Sivi (3)

52.

Not seeing far, an elder has come to request an eye;

We will be one-eyed, give me your eye, I beseech you.

53.

By whom instructed have you come here, beggar, to request eyes?

You request what is very hard to give up, the supreme organ, which they say is an eye hard for a person to give up.

54.

The one whom they call Lord of the Devas, whom they call Maghavā in the human world;

Instructed by him I have come here, a beggar requesting eyes.

55.

You request of me the unsurpassed gift, give me your eyes when requested;

Give me the unsurpassed eye, which they say is an eye hard for a person to give up.

56.

The purpose for which you came, the goal you desired;

May those intentions succeed for you, receive the eyes, brahmin.

57.

When you ask for one thing, I give you both;

Go with vision in sight of the people, whatever you wish may it be fulfilled for you.

58.

O deity, do not give us vision, do not turn us all away;

Give us wealth, great king, many pearls and lapis lazuli.

59.

O deity, give us yoked chariots with thoroughbred horses adorned,

Give us elephants, great king, adorned with golden trappings.

60.

Just as all the Sivis, always with their yokes and chariots,

Could surround on all sides, thus give, O best of charioteers.

61.

One who having said "I will give," makes up his mind not to give;

He fastens around his neck a snare that has fallen to the ground.

62.

One who having said "I will give," makes up his mind not to give;

He becomes more evil than evil, having attained the bonds of death.

63.

What one begs for, that one should give, what one does not beg for, that one should not give;

Therefore I will give that which the brahmin begs from me.

64.

Is it life, or beauty, or happiness, or strength, what goal seeking, O lord of people, did you give;

For how did you, the unsurpassed king of Sivis, give your eyes for the sake of the next world.

65.

I do not give this for fame, I do not wish for children, wealth, or kingdom;

This is the ancient practice of the righteous, thus my mind delights in giving.

66.

You were my companion and friend, Sivika, well trained, please do my bidding;

Having removed my eyes from me who desires to give, place them in the hands of the beggar.

67.

Urged by the king of Sivi, Sivika who carried out orders;

Having removed the king's eyes, presented them to the brahmin;

The brahmin became sighted, the king sat blind.

68.

Then after a few days, when the eyes had healed;

The king, increaser of the Sivi realm, addressed the charioteer.

69.

Harness the vehicle, charioteer, and inform me when it is ready;

Let us go to the pleasure grounds, to the lotus ponds and forests.

70.

And by a lotus pond's bank, sat cross-legged;

To him Sakka appeared, king of deities, lord of Sujā.

71.

I am Sakka, lord of deities, come into your presence;

Choose a boon, sage-king, whatever you wish in your mind.

72.

I have abundant wealth, Sakka, strength and treasury not small;

Now that I am blind, only death appeals to me.

73.

Those truths, lord of two-footed beings, speak them, noble one;

When you speak truth, your eye will be restored.

74.

Those who come to beg from me, mendicants of various clans;

Whoever begs from me there, they too are dear to my mind;

By this truth-utterance, may my eye be tenable.

75.

When that brahmin came to beg from me, saying "Give me your eye";

I gave my eyes to that brahmin, having gone to the forest.

76.

Even more rapture pervaded me, and immense joy;

By this truth-utterance, may my second eye be tenable.

77.

These verses spoken according to the Teaching, O increaser of the Sivi kingdom;

These divine eyes of yours are seen in return.

78.

Through walls, through rocks, crossing over mountains;

Extending for a hundred yojanas, may they experience vision.

79.

Who here would not give wealth when asked, even what is excellent and most dear to oneself;

Therefore now all you Sivis who have gathered, see my divine eyes today.

80.

Through walls, through rocks, crossing over mountains;

Extending for a hundred yojanas, they experience my vision.

81.

There is nothing higher than giving up, for mortals in this life;

Having given human eyes, I obtained non-human eyes.

82.

Having seen this too, Sivis, give gifts and enjoy;

Having given and enjoyed according to one's means, blameless, reach the heavenly state.

The Third Birth Story of Sivi.

500.

The Birth Story of the Glorious End (4)

83.

One endowed with wisdom but lacking glory, or one with fame but devoid of wisdom;

I ask you this meaning, Senaka, which of these is better, what do the wise declare?

84.

Indeed, O king, the wise and the foolish, those endowed with craft and those without craft;

Even those of good birth serve those of no birth, the famous become servants;

Having seen this too, I declare: though lower in wisdom, one with glory is better.

85.

I ask you too, O one of excellent wisdom, Mahosadha, who sees the complete Teaching;

A foolish person with fame or a wise one with little wealth, which of these is better, what do the wise declare?

86.

The fool performs evil actions, thinking "this indeed is better";

One who sees this world but not the next world, the fool grasps misfortune in both cases;

Having seen this too, I declare: the wise one is better, not the foolish one with fame.

87.

Neither craft, nor wealth, nor relatives, nor bodily beauty;

See the deaf and dumb enjoying happiness, glory favours him, the cowherd;

Having seen this too, I declare: though lower in wisdom, one with glory is better.

88.

Having gained happiness, the unwise becomes intoxicated, and when touched by suffering becomes deluded;

Touched by happiness and suffering that come from outside, he trembles like a water creature in the heat;

Having seen this too, I declare: the wise one is better, not the foolish one with fame.

89.

Just as birds from all around flock to a tree with sweet fruit in the forest;

So too many people attend to one who is wealthy, with riches and possessions, for the sake of benefit;

Having seen this too, I declare: though lower in wisdom, one with glory is better.

90.

Not good is a powerful fool, who gains wealth by force;

They drag this wailing dullard forcefully to hell;

Having seen this too, I declare: the wise one is better, not the foolish one with fame.

91.

Whatever rivers flow into the Ganges, they all abandon their name and clan;

When the Ganges flows into the ocean, its power is no longer seen in the world;

Having seen this too, I declare: though lower in wisdom, one with glory is better.

92.

Into this great ocean of contempt, rivers flow unceasingly beyond reckoning;

That ocean with its constant mighty current, the great sea does not overflow its bounds.

93.

Even so the longings of a fool never surpass wisdom with glory;

Having seen this too, I declare: the wise one is better, not the foolish one with fame.

94.

Even if an unrestrained famous one, having come to a meeting, speaks for others' benefit;

That grows for him among relatives, for glory makes him, not wisdom;

Having seen this too, I declare: though lower in wisdom, one with glory is better.

95.

For the sake of another or oneself, the fool of little wisdom speaks falsely;

He is blamed in the midst of the assembly, and afterwards he goes to a bad destination;

Having seen this too, I declare: the wise one is better, not the foolish one with fame.

96.

Even if one of great wisdom speaks what is beneficial, being without wealth, without means, poor;

That does not grow for him among relatives, and glory is not for one with wisdom;

Having seen this too, I declare: though lower in wisdom, one with glory is better.

97.

For the sake of another or oneself, one of great wisdom does not speak falsely;

He is honoured in the midst of the assembly, and afterwards he goes to a good destination;

Having seen this too, I declare: the wise one is better, not the foolish one with fame.

98.

Elephants, cattle and horses, jewels and earrings, and women born in powerful families;

All these become possessions of a successful person, not of one without success;

Having seen this too, I declare: though lower in wisdom, one with glory is better.

99.

The fool of poor intelligence, with unorganized activities,

Glory abandons the unintelligent one, like a snake its worn out skin;

Having seen this too, I declare: the wise one is better, not the foolish one with fame.

100.

Venerable sir, we five wise ones, all stand with reverential salutation;

You are our overlord, like Sakka, the king of deities, lord of beings;

Having seen this too, I declare: though lower in wisdom, one with glory is better.

101.

The foolish one with fame is like a slave to the wise one, when such matters arise;

What the wise person arranges with skill, therein the fool falls into confusion;

Having seen this too, I declare: the wise one is better, not the foolish one with fame.

102.

Indeed wisdom is praised by the good, while human beings delight in glory and wealth;

And the knowledge of the Enlightened Ones is incomparable, glory never surpasses wisdom.

103.

What we asked you have explained to us, Mahosadha, seer of the complete Teaching;

A thousand cattle and a bull elephant, and these ten chariots yoked with thoroughbreds;

Pleased with the answering of the question, I give to you sixteen excellent villages.

The Birth Story of the Glorious End, the fourth.

501.

The Birth Story of the Rohaṇa Deer (5)

104.

These herds are fleeing, frightened of death, spotted one;

You too should go, do not hesitate, they will live together with you.

105.

I will not go, Rohaṇa, my heart draws me back;

I will not abandon him, here I will give up my life.

106.

They will surely die, blind and without a guide;

You too should go, do not hesitate, they will live together with you.

107.

I will not go, Rohaṇa, my heart draws me back;

I will not abandon that imprisoned one, here I will give up my life.

108.

Go, you timid one, run away, I am bound in an iron cage;

You too should go, do not hesitate, they will live together with you.

109.

I will not go, Rohaṇa, my heart draws me back;

I will not abandon him, here I will give up my life.

110.

They will surely die, blind and without a guide;

You too should go, do not hesitate, they will live together with you.

111.

I will not go, Rohaṇa, my heart draws me back;

I will not abandon that imprisoned one, here I will give up my life.

112.

Here comes that hunter, cruel in appearance, with weapon in hand;

Who will kill us today, with arrow or spear.

113.

She, having fled for a moment, struck by fear, terrified;

The timid one did what was very difficult to do, turned back from death.

114.

Why are these deer, being free, attending to one imprisoned;

They do not wish to abandon him, even for the sake of life.

115.

They are my brothers, hunter, born of the same mother;

They do not wish to abandon me, even for the sake of life.

116.

They will surely die, blind and without a guide;

Give life to the five, hunter, release my brother.

117.

I will free him for you, the deer who supports his mother and father;

May the mother and father rejoice, seeing the great deer released.

118.

So hunter, rejoice together with all your relatives;

Just as I rejoice today, seeing the great deer freed.

119.

How were you released, when your life was at stake;

How, son, did the hunter free you from the deadly snare.

120.

Speaking pleasant words to hear, touching the heart, heart-based;

With well-spoken words, Cittaka freed me.

121.

Speaking pleasant words to hear, touching the heart, heart-based;

With well-spoken words, Sutana freed me.

122.

Hearing pleasant words to hear, touching the heart, heart-based;

Having heard the well-spoken words, the hunter freed me.

123.

May the hunter be delighted thus, together with his wives;

Just as we rejoice today, seeing one who has come to Rohana.

124.

Did you not say, hunter, "I brought the deerskins";

Then for what reason did you not bring the deerskins?

125.

That deer came within reach of hand, and the trap was set;

That king of deer was bound, and those who were freed sat nearby.

126.

Then a sense of urgency arose in me, extraordinary and terrifying;

"If I kill this deer today, I will lose my life."

127.

What were those deer like, hunter, what were those righteous deer like;

Of what beauty and what virtue, that you praise them so highly?

128.

With white horns and clean strainers, like burnished gold;

Their feet are red, their eyes are lined, delightful to behold.

129.

Such, your majesty, are these deer, such are these righteous deer;

They support their mother and father, your majesty, one should not hunt them.

130.

I will give you a hundred gold coins, hunter, and a large jewelled earring;

And a four-legged couch, resembling the colour of flax flowers.

131.

Two wives of equal standing, and a bull with a hundred cows;

I will rule the kingdom righteously, you have been of great help, hunter.

132.

Farming, trade, money-lending, and gleaning, hunter;

Support your wife with these, do not do evil again.

The Birth Story of the Rohaṇa Deer, the fifth.

502.

The Birth Story of the Lesser Goose (6)

133.

These geese are departing, with curved wings, driven by fear;

Golden-skinned, golden-coloured one, Sumukha, depart at will.

134.

Leaving me alone, fallen into the snare's power,

The group of relatives departs without concern, why do you remain behind?

135.

Fly away, O best of those who fly, there is no fellowship with the imprisoned;

Do not bring harm to yourself for one who is free from trouble, Sumukha, depart at will.

136.

I will not abandon you, Dhataraṭṭha, saying "I am overcome with suffering";

Life or death for me will be with you.

137.

"It is good for a noble one, what you say, Sumukha;

And investigating that, I released this, thinking 'let it fall.'

138.

Step by step goes the sky-faring bird;

From afar you did not perceive the snare, O supreme leader of geese.

139.

"When decline comes to a person at life's end,

Then one does not perceive even when encountering a net and a snare.

140.

These geese are departing, with curved wings, driven by fear;

Golden-skinned, golden-hued, you alone are left behind.

141.

These birds, having eaten and drunk, depart;

Not longing for, with twisted limbs, you alone attend to him.

142.

Why is this bird of yours free, while you attend to one imprisoned;

Birds abandon it and go away, why are you left behind alone?

143.

That bird is my friend, the king, and companion equal to life itself;

I will never abandon him, until the end of time.

144.

And you who wish to give up your life for the sake of a friend;

I release your companion, let the king go with you.

145.

So hunter, rejoice together with all your relatives;

Just as I rejoice today, seeing the freed king of birds.

146.

"I hope all is well with you, sir, I hope you are in good health;

I hope this kingdom is prosperous, and you rule it righteously.

147.

"All is well with me, goose, and I am in good health;

And this kingdom is prosperous, and I rule it righteously.

148.

"I hope, sir, no hatred is found among your ministers;

I hope your enemies are far away, like a shadow to the south.

149.

"Indeed no hatred is found among my ministers;

And my enemies are far away, like a shadow to the south.

150.

"I hope you have a suitable wife, obedient and speaking lovingly;

Blessed with children and fame, following your wishes.

151.

"Indeed I have a suitable wife, obedient and speaking lovingly;

Endowed with children, form and fame, following my desire's will.

152.

Do you have many children, well-born one, increaser of the realm;

Endowed with swift wisdom, rejoicing here and there.

153.

One hundred and one children, O Dhataraṭṭha, I have heard;

Tell them what should be done, your words are not rejected.

154.

Even if one is well-born, by birth or by discipline;

If one makes effort afterwards, one sinks in difficulties and misfortunes.

155.

For that one with deteriorating wisdom, a great gap appears;

Like one blind at night, one sees only gross forms.

156.

One who knows exertion in what is insubstantial does not find wisdom;

Like a deer in a mountain gorge, sinks in the middle of obstacles.

157.

Even if one is of low birth, if a person is energetic and resolute,

Endowed with virtuous behavior and conduct, he shines like fire in the night.

158.

Having made this simile for me, teach the children in the true knowledge;

The wise one would grow, like a seed in a field with rain.

The Birth Story of the Lesser Goose, the sixth.

503.

The Birth Story of Sattigumba (7)

159.

A great king, a deer hunter, chief of charioteers of the Pañcālas,

Having departed with his army, came to the forest without company.

160.

There in the forest he saw a hut made by robbers;

Having left that hut, the parrot speaks cruel words.

161.

A person with a fine chariot, young, with polished earrings;

Shines with a red turban, blazing like the sun by day.

162.

When midday has arrived, the king with his charioteer is asleep;

Come, let us forcefully take all his ornaments.

163.

Now at midnight in private, the king with his charioteer is asleep;

Taking his clothes and jewelled earrings, having killed him, let us cover him with branches.

164.

Why, like one deranged, do you shine, O Sattigumba;

For kings are hard to approach, like a blazing fire.

165.

Then you, O Patikolamba, drunk, speak boastful words;

When my mother was naked, why did you feel disgust?

166.

Get up quickly, friend, prepare the chariot, charioteer;

I am not pleased with this bird, let us go to another hermitage.

167.

The chariot is prepared, great king, and the strong horses are harnessed;

Mount, great king, let us go to another hermitage.

168.

Where indeed have they all gone, those who were attendants here;

This Pañcāla goes, freed from their sight.

169.

Take up your bows, spears, and lances;

This Pañcāla goes, let none escape with their life.

170.

Then another parrot with a red beak rejoiced:

Welcome to you, great king, and you have not come far;

You have arrived as a lord, declare what is here."

171.

"Ebony fruits and piyāla fruits, madhuka fruits and kāsumāri fruits;

Small fruits of various kinds, eat, king, the choicest ones."

172.

"This cool drinking water too, brought from a mountain cave;

Drink from it, great king, if you wish."

173.

"Those who were attendants here have gone to the forest to glean;

Rise up and take for yourself, I have no hands to give."

174.

Auspicious indeed is this bird, a creature supremely righteous;

Then that other bird, the parrot speaks cruel words.

175.

"Kill and bind them, let none escape with their life";

While he was lamenting thus, I reached the hermitage safely.

176.

We are brothers, great king, born of the same mother;

Both grown up in one tree, gone to different fields.

177.

Sattigumba with the thieves, and I here with the sages;

He with the bad, I with the good, thus we are separated by the Teaching.

178.

There killing and bondage, deception and frauds;

Forceful taking of food and violence, these he trains in there.

179.

Here truth and the Teaching, harmlessness, restraint and self-control;

Among those who give seats and water, I grew up in their lap, O Bharadha.

180.

Whomever the king associates with, whether virtuous or not,

Whether of good virtue or bad virtue, he comes under their power.

181.

Whatever kind of friend one makes, whatever kind one associates with;

One indeed becomes just like that, for such is companionship.

182.

One associating with another who associates, one contacting another who contacts,

Like a poison-smeared arrow in a quiver, the undefiled becomes defiled;

Fearing defilement, the wise person should not have evil friends.

183.

If a person wraps rotten fish in kusa grass,

The kusa grass too becomes foul-smelling; so it is with association with fools.

184.

If a person wraps tagara in a leaf,

The leaves too become fragrant; so it is with association with the wise.

185.

Therefore, knowing the ripening of one's own leaf-basket,

The wise person should not associate with the bad, but should associate with the good;

The bad lead to hell, the good bring one to a good destination.

The Birth Story of Sattigumba, the seventh.

504.

The Birth Story of Bhallātiya (8)

186.

There was a king named Bhallātiya, who abandoned his kingdom and wandered hunting;

He went to the excellent mountain Gandhamādana, well-flowered, frequented by kimpurisas.

187.

Having restrained the group of dogs, having laid down his bow and quiver;

He approached wishing to speak where the kimpurisas were standing.

188.

At the end of winter, on the bank of Himavat, why do you stand here constantly consulting;

I ask you who have human-like beauty, how do they know you in the human world.

189.

We roam around the Malla mountain, Paṇḍaraka, Tikūṭa, and rivers with cool water;

We are creatures with human-like appearance, they know us as kimpurisas, O hunter.

190.

You appear to be in difficulty as you lament, and you are embraced, dear one by your beloved;

I ask you who have human-like beauty, why do you weep here in the forest, discontented.

191.

You appear to be in difficulty as you lament, and you are embraced, dear one by your beloved;

I ask you who have human-like beauty, why do you wail here in the forest, discontented.

192.

You appear to be in difficulty as you lament, and you are embraced, dear one by your beloved;

I ask you who have human-like beauty, why do you sorrow here in the forest, discontented.

193.

For one night, cruel one, we lived apart, unwillingly remembering each other;

Regretting that one night, we sorrow: "That night will not come again."

194.

This one night that you regret, like lost wealth or a father become a ghost;

I ask you who have human-like beauty, how did you spend time apart?

195.

This river that you see with swift current, with various trees covering its rocky banks;

He was dear to me during the rainy season, and he thought I was following him.

196.

I picked aṅkola flowers, atimuttaka and sattaliya jasmine;

"The garland-bearer will be dear to me, and I, the garland-maker, will attend to him."

197.

I picked this kuravaka flower, uddālaka, trumpet-flower and sinduvāraka;

"The garland-bearer will be dear to me, and I, the garland-maker, will attend to him."

198.

Having plucked flowers from the well-blossomed sala tree, I make a garland;

"The garland-bearer will be dear to me, and I, the garland-maker, will attend to him."

199.

Having plucked flowers from the well-blossomed sala tree, I make a load;

This will be for our bedding, where we shall dwell tonight.

200.

And I, heedless in appearance, grind aloe wood and sandalwood on stone;

"With perfumed limbs he will be dear to me, and I, perfumed, will attend to him."

201.

Then came the swift-flowing water, sweeping away the sala trees, salaḷa trees and kaṇṇikāra trees;

In that moment it filled up, and in the evening the river became very difficult for me to cross.

202.

Then we stood on both banks, looking at each other;

Sometimes we weep, sometimes we laugh, with difficulty that night passed for us.

203.

Early in the morning when the sun had risen, hunter, crossing the four-branched river;

We both embraced each other, sometimes we weep, sometimes we laugh.

204.

Hunter, for six hundred and ninety-seven years, we lived apart here before;

Earth-protector, this is one year of life, who here could live without their beloved?

205.

Friend, how long is your life span, if you know please tell your life span;

From oral tradition or from the elders' teaching, tell me without hesitation.

206.

Hunter, our life span is a thousand years, and there is no evil disease in between;

Little is the suffering and much more the happiness, we who have not abandoned lust give up life.

207.

Having heard this from the non-humans, Bhallātiya thought "Life is brief";

He turned back and did not go hunting, gave gifts and enjoyed his wealth.

208.

Having heard this from the non-humans, rejoice and do not make quarrels;

Let not wrong action torment you, as it did those kimpurisas for one night.

209.

Having heard this from the non-humans, rejoice and do not make disputes;

Let not wrong action torment you, as it did those kimpurisas for one night.

210.

I hear your various words of overestimation, speech connected with the goal;

Uttering words you dispel my anguish, ascetic who brings happiness, may you live long.

The Birth Story of Bhallātiya, the eighth.

505.

The Birth Story of Somanassa (9)

211.

Who hurts and harasses you, why are you depressed, grieving, and displeased?

Whose mother and father shall weep today, who shall lie faultless on the earth today.

212.

I am pleased to see you, your majesty, after a long time I see you, ruler of the earth;

Being harmless and covered in dust, I have been harmed by your son, your majesty.

213.

Let the sword-bearing guards come, let those in ochre robes enter the inner chambers;

Having killed that joyful prince, having cut off his head, let them bring the noble one.

214.

The king's messengers, being sent, said this to the prince:

You have been given up by the ruler, you have reached execution, noble one.

215.

That prince lamenting, raising his ten fingers in reverential salutation;

I too wish to see the lord of people, take me alive and show me to him.

216.

Having heard those words, they showed the king's son;

And the son, having seen his father, spoke from afar.

217.

The sword-bearing guards in ochre robes came: "Let them kill me, O king;

Tell me this meaning when asked, what wrong have I done here today?

218.

Evening and morning he sprinkles water, always tending the fire diligently;

That such restrained spiritual practitioner, why do you call him a householder?

219.

Palms and roots and fruits, O deity, he has various possessions;

These he guards and protects diligently, therefore I call him a householder.

220.

You speak this truth indeed, young man, he has various possessions;

These he guards and protects diligently, by that he becomes a brahmin householder.

221.

Let my assembled assembly hear, all the townspeople and people of the country;

Having heard the words of this fool, a fool, without cause the king has me killed.

222.

With roots firm, spread out and grown, hard to destroy is the bamboo with its offshoots;

I venerate your feet, O king, permit me, O deity, I will go forth.

223.

Enjoy abundant pleasures, young man, and I give you all sovereignty;

Today itself become king of the Kurus, do not go forth, for going forth is painful.

224.

What pleasures do you have here, O deity, previously I delighted in the world of deities;

With forms, sounds, and then with tastes, odours and delightful contacts.

225.

And I have enjoyed pleasures in the realm of the thirty-three deities, surrounded by a group of celestial nymphs;

But knowing you to be a fool led by others, I would not live in such a royal family.

226.

If I am a fool led by others, forgive me this one offence, my son;

If such a thing should happen again, do as you think fit with joy.

227.

An action done without reflection, thought without proper consideration,

Like the failure of medicine, has an evil result.

228.

But an action done with reflection, thought with right consideration,

Like the success of medicine, has an excellent result.

229.

A lazy householder enjoying sensual pleasures is not good, an unrestrained monk is not good;

A king who acts without reflection is not good, a wise person who is prone to anger - that is not good.

230.

The noble one should act with reflection, the lord of the regions not without reflection;

O king, for one who acts with reflection, fame and renown increase.

231.

Having reflected, a ruler should impose punishment, O guardian of the earth, one regrets what is done in haste;

When a person's purposes are rightly directed, these do not bring regret afterwards.

232.

Those who do deeds that bring no regret, having analysed the bases of action in the world;

Those things praised by the wise bring happiness, they are approved by the Enlightened Ones.

233.

The sword-bearing guards in ochre robes came: "Let them kill me, O king;

O your majesty, I was sitting in mother's lap, when suddenly they dragged me away.

234.

O king, having reached bitter confinement and hardship, though having obtained a sweet life;

Today with difficulty I am freed from death, I am intent only on going forth.

235.

O righteous one, this is your young son, a compassionate and joyful prince;

Though begging for him today, I do not get him, you too should beg for him.

236.

Delight in the life of alms-round, son, having considered the teachings, wander forth;

Having laid down the stick towards all beings, blameless, go to the state of a brahmā.

237.

How wonderful indeed is such a form, you cause me suffering when I am suffering, O Sudhammā;

Being told "Ask for your son," you encourage the youth even more.

238.

Those who are liberated, partaking of the blameless, having attained final Nibbāna live in this world;

I am unable to prevent the youth from entering upon that noble path.

239.

Indeed, one should associate with the wise, the learned ones who reflect on many things;

Having heard their well-spoken words, they live at ease, free from sorrow, O Sudhammā.

The Birth Story of Somanassa, the ninth.

506.

The Birth Story of Campeyya (10)

240.

Who now shines like lightning, like a star in the sky;

Are you a deity or a tree-spirit, I do not think you are human.

241.

I am neither a deity nor a tree-spirit, nor, great king, am I human;

I am a nāga maiden, venerable sir, I have come here with a purpose.

242.

Your mind is distracted and your faculties disturbed, streams of tears flow from your eyes;

What have you lost and what are you seeking, pray tell me this, lady, having come here.

243.

"The one with blazing heat they call a dragon, O king of people, they call him a nāga;

A man seeking his livelihood caught him, release him from bondage - he is my lord."

244.

"How did this one endowed with strength and energy, come into the hands of a beggar;

Tell me this meaning, nāga maiden, how should we understand about the captured nāga."

245.

"The nāga could reduce a city to ashes, so endowed is he with strength and energy;

But the nāga, honouring the Teaching, therefore strives and practises austerity."

246.

"On the fourteenth and fifteenth, O king, at the crossroads the nāga king rests;

A man seeking his livelihood caught him, release him from bondage - he is my lord."

247.

Sixteen thousand women, wearing jewelled earrings;

The woman who dwelt in the water-house also went to him for refuge.

248.

Righteously release him without violence, with a village, a gold coin, and a hundred cows;

Let the serpent go with body released, let him be freed from bondage seeking merit.

249.

I righteously release him without violence, with a village, a gold coin, and a hundred cows;

Let the serpent go with body released, let him be freed from bondage seeking merit.

250.

I will give you a hundred gold coins, hunter, and a large jewelled earring;

And a four-legged couch, resembling the colour of flax flowers.

251.

Two wives of equal standing, and a bull with a hundred cows;

Let the serpent go with body released, let him be freed from bondage seeking merit.

252.

Even without gifts, at your word, lord of people, we will release this serpent from bondage;

Let the serpent go with body released, let him be freed from bondage seeking merit.

253.

The released Campeyya dragon said this to the king:

Homage to you, king of Kāsi, homage to you, increaser of Kāsi;

I raise my reverential salutation to you, may I see your dwelling.

254.

Indeed they say this is hard to trust, that a human should trust in a non-human;

But if you ask me for this purpose, we shall show you, dragon, our dwellings.

255.

Even if the wind should carry away a mountain, and the moon and sun should fall to earth,

And all rivers should flow upstream, still I would not, king, speak falsely.

256.

The sky might split, the ocean might dry up, the earth that bears beings might contract,

Mount Meru might be uprooted completely, still I would not, king, speak falsely.

257.

Indeed they say this is hard to trust, that a human should trust in a non-human;

But if you ask me for this purpose, we shall show you, dragon, our dwellings.

258.

You indeed are terrible with poison and mighty, of great heat and quick to anger;

Released from bondage because of me, you ought to know what was done for you.

259.

May he go to the terrible hell, may he not obtain any bodily pleasure;

Let him meet death imprisoned in a box, who does not know such a deed done for him.

260.

Let this be your truthful promise, be free from anger and resentment;

And may all the dragons avoid your family, like fire in summer.

261.

You show compassion to the dragon family, O lord of people, like a mother to her only dear son;

And I, together with the dragon family, will render excellent service to you.

262.

Let them yoke the royal chariots well-decorated, the well-trained Kamboja horses;

And let them yoke the dragons with golden trappings, we shall see the dragon's dwellings.

263.

The drums, tambours, small drums and conches, were played for King Uggasena;

The king set forth in great splendour, surrounded in the midst of a group of women.

264.

The increaser of Kāsi saw, the ground adorned with gold;

The golden palaces, with floors of beryl.

265.

That king entered the mansion, the dwelling of Campeyya;

Like the colour of the sun, luminous with bronze lightning.

266.

Covered with various trees, stirred by various odours;

That king of Kāsi entered Campeyya's dwelling.

267.

When the king of Kāsi had entered Campeyya's dwelling;

Divine music played, and dragon maidens danced.

268.

The king of Kāsi, pleased with that performance by the group of dragon maidens, approached;

He sat on a golden seat, with a backrest, smeared with sandalwood essence.

269.

Having eaten and enjoyed himself there, the king of Kāsi spoke to Campeyya;

"These are your finest mansions, with the colour of the sun, luminous;

Nothing like this exists in the human world, what goal seeking, dragon, do you practice austerity?"

270.

Those well-dressed ones wearing conch-shell bracelets, with rounded fingers and copper-coloured palms;

With raised hands they serve, of incomparable beauty, nothing like this exists in the human world;

What goal seeking, dragon, do you practice austerity?

271.

And rivers with broad-scaled fish, roaming birds singing sweetly at good fords;

Nothing like this exists in the human world, what goal seeking, dragon, do you practice austerity?"

272.

Cranes and peacocks and celestial swans, sweetly singing cuckoos fly about;

Nothing like this exists in the human world, what goal seeking, dragon, do you practice austerity?"

273.

Mango trees and sal trees, sesame trees and rose-apple trees, coral trees and trumpet-flower trees in bloom;

Nothing like this exists in the human world, what goal seeking, dragon, do you practice austerity?"

274.

And these lotus ponds all around you, and divine odours constantly waft;

Nothing like this exists in the human world, what goal seeking, dragon, do you practice austerity?"

275.

Not for the sake of children, not for the sake of wealth, nor for the sake of life span, O king of people;

Aspiring for the human realm, therefore I strive and practise austerity.

276.

You with red eyes and radiant body, adorned with well-groomed hair and beard;

Well-sprinkled with red sandalwood, you illuminate the directions like a king of tree-deities.

277.

You have attained divine spiritual power and great might, endowed with all sensual pleasures;

I ask you this meaning, king of nāgas, in what way is the human world better than this?

278.

O king of people, nowhere other than the human world is there purity or self-control;

When I obtain human birth, I will make an end to birth and death.

279.

Indeed, one should associate with the wise, the learned ones who reflect on many things;

Having seen both the women and you, O arahant, I shall do abundant meritorious deeds.

280.

Indeed, one should associate with the wise, the learned ones who reflect on many things;

Having seen both the women and me, O king, do abundant meritorious deeds.

281.

And I have this abundant gold, heaps of gold as tall as palm trees;

Taking from here, make golden houses, let them make walls of silver.

282.

And taking from here five thousand cartloads of pearls mixed with lapis lazuli;

Let them spread them on the ground in the inner quarters, it will be free from mud and dust.

283.

"Dwell in such a one, supreme king, the supreme mansion resplendent in many ways;

Rule over Bārāṇasī, the prosperous and flourishing city, and the kingdom, O one of excellent wisdom."

The Birth Story of Campeyya, the tenth.

507.

The Birth Story of the Great Temptation (11)

284.

Having fallen from the brahmā world, a young deity of great spiritual power;

Was born as the king's son, among those accomplished in all sensual pleasures.

285.

Sensual pleasures or perception of sensual pleasures are not found in the brahmā world;

And due to that very perception, he was disgusted with sensual pleasures.

286.

In his inner chamber there was a well-constructed meditation house;

There he went into seclusion and meditated alone in solitude.

287.

That king lamented, afflicted with sorrow for his son;

"This is my only son, but he does not enjoy sensual pleasures.

288.

What might be the means here, who knows anything;

Who could entice my son, so that he would desire sensual pleasures.

289.

There was a maiden there, endowed with beauty and form;

Skilled in dance and song, and proficient in music.

290.

She approached there and said this to the king;

"I could entice him, if he would be my husband.

291.

The king said this to that princess who spoke thus:

"You alone should entice him, he will be your husband.

292.

Having gone to the inner quarters, with much connected to sensual pleasure,

She spoke charming verses, heart-stirring and lovely.

293.

And when she was singing, having heard the sound of that woman,

Sensual desire arose, and he asked the people.

294.

"Whose is this sound, or who is it that speaks much high and low,

Heart-stirring and lovely? Oh what pleasure to my ears!"

295.

"This, sire, is a woman, this is no small amusement;

If you were to enjoy sensual pleasures, they would cover you more and more.

296.

Come now, let him come and sing, not far away;

Near the hermitage, let him sing close to me.

297.

Having sung beyond the wall, he entered the meditation chamber;

He bound him gradually, like an elephant in the forest.

298.

Having known his taste for sensual pleasure, envy arose in him;

"Let me alone enjoy sensual pleasures, let there not be another person."

299.

Then taking a sword, he set out to kill the person;

I alone will enjoy, let there not be another person.

300.

Then all the people of the country, having gathered, cried out;

This son of yours, great king, harasses innocent people.

301.

And that noble king banished him from his own country;

As far as my realm extends, you must not dwell there.

302.

Then taking his wife, he approached the ocean;

Having made a leaf-hut, he entered the forest for gleaning.

303.

Then a sage came there, above the ocean;

He entered their dwelling when mealtime had arrived.

304.

And his wife seduced him, see how terrible;

Having fallen away from the holy life, he declined in spiritual power.

305.

And the prince, living on gleaning, gathered many forest roots and fruits;

Taking them in a basket in the evening, he approached the hermitage.

306.

And the sage, having seen the noble, approached the ocean;

"I will go through the air," but he sinks in the great ocean.

307.

And the noble, having seen the sage sinking in the great ocean;

Out of compassion for him, spoke these verses.

308.

On unbroken water, having come by oneself through spiritual power;

Having gone to associate with a woman, you sink in the great ocean.

309.

A great magical illusion that converts, disturbing to the holy life;

Having known that they cause sinking, one should avoid them from afar.

310.

Insatiable with soft speech, like rivers hard to fill;

Having known that they cause sinking, one should avoid them from afar.

311.

Those whom they pursue, whether through desire or wealth;

Like a fire, they quickly burn up that state.

312.

Having heard the words of the noble, the sage became disenchanted;

Having found the ancient path, he went through the sky.

313.

And the noble, having seen the sage, going through the air;

The wise one gained a sense of urgency and approved of the going forth.

314.

Then after going forth, he removed sensual lust;

Having removed sensual lust, he went to the brahmā world.

The Birth Story of the Great Temptation, the eleventh.

508.

The Birth Story of the Five Wise Ones (12)

315.

Five wise ones have gathered here, a question occurs to me, listen to it;

A matter to be blamed or praised, to whom should one reveal a secret matter.

316.

You reveal it, O king, you are the bearer of burdens, speak it;

Having explored your desires and preferences, then the five wise ones will speak, O king of people.

317.

A wife who is virtuous, not otherwise, following her husband's desire, dear and agreeable;

A matter to be blamed or praised, to her husband should reveal a secret matter.

318.

One who is a refuge, destination and support, for one who has met with hardship and affliction;

A matter to be blamed or praised, to a friend should reveal a secret matter.

319.

Whether eldest, middle or youngest, who is virtuous, concentrated, and stable in mind;

A matter to be blamed or praised, to a brother should reveal a secret matter.

320.

One who follows his father's heart, born after him with excellent wisdom;

A matter to be blamed or praised, to a son should reveal a secret matter.

321.

O highest of two-footed beings, a mother who nurtures him with loving desire;

A matter to be blamed or praised, to a mother should reveal a secret matter.

322.

For what is secret should indeed remain secret, disclosure of what is secret is not praised;

The wise one should endure incompleteness, and speak at ease only when complete.

323.

Why are you uncertain, supreme king, lord of humans, I hear this statement;

What are you thinking that makes you dejected, surely, your majesty, there must be some fault of mine.

324.

"Mahosadha is to be executed for the questions," the wise one was ordered for execution;

Thinking of that I am dejected, there is no fault of yours, queen.

325.

You will come now after nightfall, having heard what, what does your mind suspect;

Who said what to you, wise one, come, tell me, let me hear this statement.

326.

"Mahosadha is to be executed for the questions," if your discussion in private brought hatred, lord of people;

You told your wife in private, this secret has been revealed, I have heard it.

327.

That evil, unseemly deed which Senaka did in the sal forest;

You told your friend in private, this secret has been revealed, I have heard it.

328.

O king of people, Pukkusa, your person has been afflicted with a disease unfit for a king;

You told your brother in private, this secret has been revealed, I have heard it.

329.

This affliction is unseemly, the lord of sensual pleasures has been touched by the god among men;

You told your son in private, this secret has been revealed, I have heard it.

330.

Sakka gave your grandfather a magnificent eight-faceted jewel;

Today it has gone to the hand of the lord of deities, and you told your mother in private;

This secret has been revealed, I have heard it.

331.

For what is secret should indeed remain secret, disclosure of what is secret is not praised;

The wise one should endure incompleteness, and speak at ease only when complete.

332.

One should not reveal a secret matter, one should guard it like a treasure;

For it is not good to reveal what should be concealed, a matter to be understood.

333.

A wise person should not tell a secret to a woman, nor to an enemy;

Nor to one who can be bought with material things, nor to a person who is a thief of hearts.

334.

When a person reveals an unenlightened secret matter,

Due to fear of breaking confidence, one must endure being like a slave.

335.

As many confidants who know a person's secret matter,

So many are his fears, therefore one should not disclose a secret.

336.

One should speak of secrets during the day in seclusion, at night one should not utter speech beyond proper time;

For eavesdroppers hear secrets, therefore secrets quickly become disclosed.

The Birth Story of the Five Wise Ones, the Twelfth.

509.

The Birth Story of Hatthipāla (13)

337.

"Indeed, after a long time we see a brahmin with the beauty of a deity;

With great matted hair, carrying a pole, with muddy teeth and dusty head.

338.

"Indeed, after a long time we see a sage delighting in the qualities of the Teaching;

Wearing ochre robes, covered in tree bark cloth.

339.

"May the Venerable One accept from us a seat, water, foot-washing water;

We ask the Venerable One about the offering, may the Venerable One set a value for us.

340.

"Having mastered the ancient scriptures, having sought wealth, having established children, father;

Having experienced all odours and tastes, that sage who went to the forest is indeed praised.

341.

The ancient Indian scriptures are not truth nor gain of wealth, nor by gain of sons does one ward off aging;

The sages say there is no release in odours and tastes, by one's own action comes rebirth with its fruits.

342.

Indeed this word of yours is truth, by one's own action comes rebirth with its fruits;

These parents of yours are aged, may they see you healthy for a hundred years.

343.

O king, supreme among heroic men, whose friend would be death and aging;

And who might know "I will never die," may they see you healthy for a hundred years.

344.

Just as when a person steers a boat in water, if he propels it, it reaches the shore;

Even so sickness and aging constantly bring a mortal under death's control.

345.

Sensual pleasures are mire and sensual pleasures are a swamp, captivating the mind and difficult to cross in the realm of death;

Afflicted in this mire and swamp, of inferior nature, they do not cross to the far shore.

346.

This one previously did cruel action, and now being caught, he will not be released by me;

I will guard him in confinement, lest he do cruel action again.

347.

Just as a person in the forest, O king, not seeing his lost cattle, searches for them;

Thus lost is my purpose regarding the fletcher, how could I not search for him, O king.

348.

Day by day a person declines, day by day one falls away;

Having known 'there is no future', what wise one would dispel arisen desire.

349.

I see you, a young maiden, with eyes like ketaka flowers, like a churning-stick;

Death takes away the maiden in her prime of life, before she has enjoyed pleasures.

350.

Young, well-born, with a beautiful face, good-looking, dark, with beard adorned with safflower;

Having abandoned sensual pleasures and the house beforehand, permit me, O deity, I will go forth.

351.

A tree gets its name from its branches, but when branches are gone they call it a stump;

Now that I have lost my sons, Lady Vāseṭṭhi, it is time for the alms round.

352.

Like herons in misery at the time of frost, like geese breaking through nets that were made,

My children and husband are going, how could I, knowing this, not follow?

353.

These birds, having eaten and vomited, depart;

And those who having eaten, vomited, they came under my control.

354.

The brahmin vomited sensual pleasures, you will vomit them back;

A person who eats what is vomited, king, is not praiseworthy.

355.

Just as a strong man might pull out a weak person sunk in mud and mire,

Even so you have lifted me up, lady, with well-spoken verses, O Pañcālī.

356.

Having said this, the great king Esukārī, lord of the quarters;

Having abandoned the realm he went forth, like a dragon breaking its bonds.

357.

The king delighted in going forth, the supreme hero among men abandoning the realm;

You too should be like the king, protected by us, rule the kingdom.

358.

The king delighted in going forth, the supreme hero among men abandoning the realm;

I too will wander alone in the world, having abandoned sensual pleasures that delight the mind.

359.

The king delighted in going forth, the supreme hero among men abandoning the realm;

I too will wander alone in the world, having abandoned sensual pleasures according to my strength.

360.

Time passes, nights rush by, the cords of life progressively fade away;

I too will wander alone in the world, having abandoned sensual pleasures that delight the mind.

361.

Time passes, nights rush by, the cords of life progressively fade away;

I too will wander alone in the world, having abandoned sensual pleasures according to my strength.

362.

Time passes, nights rush by, the cords of life progressively fade away;

I too will wander alone in the world, become cool, having transcended all bonds.

The Birth Story of Hatthipāla, Thirteenth.

510.

The Birth Story of Ayoghara (14)

363.

From the first night, when a young man dwells in the womb;

He goes forth uplifted, going forward he does not turn back.

364.

Not fighting, not by force or rain, beings neither age nor die;

For all this is afflicted by birth and aging, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

365.

Kings of countries forcibly conquer a four-factored army of terrifying form;

But they cannot conquer death, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

366.

Some escape when surrounded by elephants, horses, chariots and infantry;

But they cannot escape from death, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

367.

With elephants, horses, chariots and infantry, heroes crush and destroy;

But they cannot crush death, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

368.

Intoxicated elephants with broken temples in rut trample cities and kill people;

But they cannot trample death, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

369.

Archers who are skilled and heroic, far-shooting and hitting even at an inopportune moment;

But they cannot pierce death, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

370.

Lakes dry up with their forests and rocks, all this dries up after a long time;

All this breaks up in the course of time, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

371.

Thus for all men and women alike, the life of living beings here is unstable;

Like a mixer's pot, like a tree on the bank, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

372.

Like fruits from a tree, young people and old fall when their bodies break up;

Women, men, and those of middle age, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

373.

This life is not like the king of stars, what has passed is now gone;

For when one is old there is no delight, how can there be happiness? Such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

374.

Spirits, demons, and also ghosts, when angered they breathe upon human beings;

But they cannot breathe upon death, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

375.

Spirits, demons, and also ghosts, even when angered they can be appeased;

But death cannot be appeased, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

376.

Offenders, corruptors, and harassers, kings punish them having understood their hatred;

But they cannot punish death, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

377.

Offenders, corruptors and oppressors, they can appease the king;

But death cannot be appeased, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

378.

Not as a noble, nor as a brahmin, not as a wealthy one, strong one or fiery one;

But the king of death has no consideration, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

379.

Lions and tigers and also leopards, forcibly devour their struggling prey;

But they cannot devour death, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

380.

Magicians performing in the middle of the stage, instantly deceive the eyes of people;

But they cannot deceive death, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

381.

Venomous snakes, angry with intense heat, bite and even kill human beings;

But they cannot bite death, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

382.

When venomous snakes, angry, bite, healers destroy their poison;

But they cannot destroy death's bite-poison, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

383.

Dhammantari, Vettarani and Bhoja, having destroyed the poisons of serpents;

They too are heard of as dead just the same, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

384.

Knowledge-masters learning terrible spells, go to invisibility through medicines;

But the king of death has no vision of those who go, such is my understanding, I practise the Teaching.

385.

The Teaching truly protects one who lives by the Teaching, the Teaching well-practised brings happiness;

This is the benefit of the Teaching well-practised, one who lives by the Teaching does not go to a bad destination.

386.

For the Teaching and non-teaching do not have equal results;

Non-teaching leads to hell, the Teaching leads to a good destination.

The Birth Story of Ayoghara, the Fourteenth.

Here is its summary -

Matanga, Sambhuta, Sivi, Sirimanta, Rohana, Hamsa, Sattigumba, Bhallatiya;

Somanassa, Campeya, Brahma, Five Wise Men, Long Vow, and Ayoghara.

The Book of Twenty is finished.

16.

The Book of Thirties

511.

The Birth Story of What-Desire (1)

1.

What is your desire, what is your intention, meditating alone in the heat;

"What do you desire, what are you seeking, for what purpose, brahmin?

2.

Just as a great water vessel, well-proportioned in size;

Similarly a ripe mango, supreme in beauty, odour and taste.

3.

Seeing that being carried away by the stream, O stainless one of the middle country;

Having taken it with my hands, I brought it to the fire base.

4.

Then having placed it on banana leaves, I myself;

Having cut it with a knife, it removed my hunger and thirst.

5.

I, free from disturbance, with anguish gone, enduring suffering;

I do not find gratification in any other fruits.

6.

Having dried up death, surely it will bring that to me;

The mango whose fruit is sweet, with excellent sweetness, delightful;

Which I pulled out while it was being carried away in the great ocean.

7.

I have told you everything, why I am observing.

I am seated facing the delightful, with many broad-haired ones.

8.

And you tell me about yourself, O one who does not flee;

Who are you, O good one, or why are you, O one with beautiful waist.

9.

Like polished silver plate, like a tigress born in the mountains;

Those women who are among the deities, attendants of the deities.

10.

Those women in the human world who have attained beauty;

None equals your beauty in the world of deities, gandhabbas and human beings;

I ask you, beautiful-limbed one, tell me your name and relatives.

11.

Where you, brahmin, are now seated, at the lovely Kosikī;

I have risen from my strong abode, carrying excellent water in floods.

12.

Filled with various groups of trees, many mountain ravines;

They have me as their chief, overflowing in the rainy season.

13.

And many forest streams, carrying dark water;

Many streams frequented by nāgas, overflow with water.

14.

Those mango, rose-apple, and labuja trees, nīpa palms and udumbara trees;

Many kinds of fruits, they bring forth repeatedly.

15.

Whatever fruit falls on both banks, into the water;

Without doubt that fruit of the stream, follows its power.

16.

Understanding this, wise one of broad wisdom, listen to me;

Do not delight in attachment, prevent it, lord of people.

17.

I do not think it is growth, what you, increaser of the kingdom;

Being honoured, royal sage, you long for death.

18.

His fathers know this, and the gandhabbas with the deities;

And also those sages in the world, self-controlled ascetics;

Without doubt they too know, established and famous.

19.

Having understood thus all things, the wise one sees the destruction and passing away of life;

Evil does not accumulate for that person, if one does not intend harm to that one.

20.

Known by the multitude of sages, thus when known in the world;

In the company of the ignoble, you desire to do evil action.

21.

If I shall die, on your shore, O one with beautiful hips;

Without doubt that blame will come to you, when I am a ghost.

22.

Therefore, O excellent one in the middle, guard against evil action,

Lest all people later reproach me after my death.

23.

This is known, O unconquerable one, I give myself and others to you;

Having abandoned the hard-to-give-up cords of sensual pleasure, you are established in peace and the Teaching.

24.

One who having abandoned former fetters, later stands in fetters,

Both practises unrighteously, and evil increases for them.

25.

Come, I will lead you, be without concern about sensual pleasure;

I will guide you to the cool, dwell without worry.

26.

With just the taste of flowers, with twisted limbs, O tamer of enemies;

Cranes, peacocks, celestial beings, kolaṭṭhi birds, honey birds and mynahs;

Resounding with flocks of swans, here cuckoos awaken.

27.

Here are mango trees with excellent branches, like threshing floors of straw;

Kosamba and sala trees, nipa palms, with ripe fruits hanging down.

28.

Wearing garlands, head ornaments, bracelets, armlets, smeared with sandalwood paste;

At night you are attended to, by day you experience feelings.

29.

Sixteen thousand women, who are your attendants;

Such is your great power, a wonder causing terror.

30.

What action did you do before, evil that brought suffering to yourself;

Having done which among human beings, you eat the flesh of others' backs.

31.

Having received the teachings, I was greedy for sensual pleasures;

I wandered for a long time, for the harm of others.

32.

One who is a backbiter, thus tears and eats;

Just as I eat today, the flesh of my own back.

The Birth Story of What-Desire First.

512.

The Birth Story of the Pot (2)

33.

Who has appeared from the heavens in the sky, illuminating the night like the moon;

From your limbs rays stream forth, like a hundred bolts of lightning in the sky.

34.

You move without wind through misery, you go through the air and stand still;

Is your spiritual power well developed and established, even among deities who have not gone far?

35.

"Having come through the air you stand here, saying 'Buy a pot!' for this purpose;

Who are you and what is this pot for? Explain this meaning to me, brahmin.

36.

"It is not a pot of ghee nor a pot of oil, not a pot of molasses nor of honey;

The faults of the pot are not few, listen to the many faults contained in the pot.

37.

"Having drunk from it one would fall into a pit, a hollow, a ditch or a muddy pool;

One would eat much that should not be eaten, buy this pot full of that.

38.

"Having drunk from it, with mind unsettled, one wanders like a cow seeking food;

Being helpless one sings and dances, buy this pot full of that.

39.

"Indeed having drunk from it, like one without clothes, naked, one would wander the streets between houses;

With deluded mind, sleeping at wrong times, buy this pot full of that.

40.

Having drunk which, rising up trembling, swaying head and arms;

One dances like a wooden puppet, buy this pot full of that.

41.

Indeed having drunk which they lie burnt by fire, and as if eaten by jackals;

They meet with bondage, death and loss of wealth, buy this pot full of that.

42.

Having drunk which one would speak what should not be spoken, sitting in an assembly with clothes dishevelled;

Smeared with vomit, fallen into disaster, buy this pot full of that.

43.

Indeed having drunk which, arrogant with clouded eyes, one would think "the whole earth is mine";

"Not even a monarch of the four quarters is my equal", buy this pot full of that.

44.

Through conceit and arrogance, quarrels and slander, ugly, naked and fleeing;

A resort and home for thieves and mixers, buy this pot full of that.

45.

There were prosperous and wealthy families in the world, possessing many thousands;

Having cut off inheritance by this magic, buy this pot full of that.

46.

Grain, wealth, silver and gold, fields and cattle, where they destroy;

Cutting off prosperous families, buy this pot full of that.

47.

Having drunk which indeed a person, as if blazing, abuses mother and father;

Would seize even mother-in-law and daughter-in-law too, buy this pot full of that.

48.

Having drunk which indeed a woman, as if blazing, abuses father-in-law and husband;

Would seize even servant and attendant, buy this pot full of that.

49.

Indeed having drunk which a person would kill an ascetic or brahmin established in the Teaching;

One would go to a plane of misery due to that cause, buy this pot full of that.

50.

Indeed having drunk which they conduct misconduct by body, speech, and mind;

Having done misconduct, they go to hell, buy this pot full of that.

51.

What they did not obtain before when begging, even giving up much gold;

Having drunk that he speaks falsely, buy this pot full of that.

52.

Having drunk which indeed when being sent on errands, when urgent work has arisen;

Even when told he does not understand the purpose, buy this pot full of that.

53.

Even those with moral shame become shameless, intoxicated they do so for vanity;

Even the wise and peaceful speak much, buy this pot full of that.

54.

Having drunk which indeed they lie in a heap, fasting on the hard ground's painful bed;

They meet with ugliness and disgrace, buy this pot full of that.

55.

Having drunk which indeed they lie with fallen shoulders, like cows struck down, not indeed by liquor;

Like a force hard to bear by a person, buy this pot full of that.

56.

Which human beings avoid, like a snake with terrible poison;

Who in the world is worthy to drink that poison?

57.

Having drunk which indeed the sons of Andhaka and Veṇḍa, sporting at the seashore;

Attacked one another with clubs, buy this pot full of that.

58.

Having drunk which indeed the former deities became heedless, fell from the realm of the Thirty-Three in their eternal abode;

Knowing that such liquor is purposeless, great king, how could you drink it?

59.

There is neither curd nor honey in this pot, knowing this thus, O king, you should buy;

Thus indeed I have explained to you what is in the pot, O friend of all.

60.

Neither my father nor my mother are like you;

You who have compassion for my welfare and desire my highest good, today I will do your word.

61.

I give to you five excellent villages, a hundred slave-women, seven hundred cattle;

And these ten chariots yoked with thoroughbreds, you are a teacher who desires my good.

62.

Let the hundred slave-women be yours, king, let the villages and cattle be yours;

And let the chariots yoked with thoroughbreds be yours, I am Sakka, lord of the thirty deities.

63.

Eat meat-rice and milk-rice with ghee, and you should eat honey-cakes with beans;

Thus you, O lord of people, delighting in the Teaching, blameless, reach the heavenly state.

The Second Birth Story of the Pot.

513.

The Birth Story of Jayaddisa (3)

64.

Indeed, after a long time there has arisen for me today a meal at the time of the seventh meal;

Where are you from and who are you? Come, tell me that; explain your birth so that you may be known.

65.

The king of Pañcāla who entered the hunt, Jayaddisa by name, if you have heard of him;

I roam the marshes and forests, eat this antelope and release me today.

66.

You make a vow while praising yourself, this antelope you speak of is my meal;

Having eaten that wretched antelope, I will eat you afterwards - this is not the time for lamentation.

67.

There is no release for me through payment, having gone and returned with a pledge;

Having given that pledge to the brahmin, guarding truth I will return again.

68.

What action born torments you, having reached near to death, king;

Tell me that, perhaps we might be able, to give permission for going in the future.

69.

I made a promise of wealth to a brahmin, that pledge is bound, not released;

Having given that pledge to the brahmin, guarding truth I will return again.

70.

That promise of wealth you made to the brahmin, that pledge is bound, not released;

Having given that pledge to the brahmin, guarding truth return again.

71.

And freed from the man-eater's hands, having gone to his own mansion, desiring pleasures;

Having given that pledge to the brahmin, he addressed his son with pure being.

72.

Today itself be consecrated to kingship, practise righteousness towards your own and others;

Let there be no unrighteous action in your kingdom, I go to the man-eater's renown.

73.

What action did I do, your majesty, tell me, that did not please you, I wish to hear that;

That today you would abandon the kingdom, I would not want the kingdom without you.

74.

Neither by action nor by speech, dear one, do I recall having offended you;

Having made an agreement with the man-eater, keeping my truth I will go again.

75.

I will go, you stay right here, there is no release from there while living;

If you go, your majesty, I too will go, let us not both be.

76.

Truly, dear one, this is the Teaching of the good, and that would be more painful for me than death;

When Kammāsapāda having cooked that, forcibly devoured it breaking it on a wooden stake.

77.

I will exchange my life for your life, do not go to the man-eater's renown;

And I will exchange this life of mine for yours, therefore I praise death over life.

78.

Then indeed the resolute prince, having paid homage at the feet of mother and father;

His sorrowful mother fell to the earth, his father raising his arms wails.

79.

Then his father knowing him going thus, with face turned away pays homage with reverential salutation;

King Soma and King Varuṇa, Pajāpati, Moon and Sun;

Protected by these from the man-eater, permitted, return safely dear one.

80.

That blessing which the well-protected mother made for Rāma when he went to King Daṇḍaki;

That blessing I make for you, by this truth may the deities protect you;

Permitted, return safely son.

81.

Whether in public or in secret, mental corruption, I never recall towards a stained being;

By this truth may the deities protect you, permitted, return safely brother.

82.

Since you are not overestimated by me, lord, nor are you unpleasant to my mind;

By this truth may the deities protect you, permitted, return safely lord.

83.

Tall, upright, and beautiful-faced, where are you from? You do not understand me living in the forest;

Knowing me as cruel, "a man-eater", who would safely approach me here.

84.

I know, cruel one, you are a man-eater, I do not not know you dwelling in the forest;

And I am the son of Jayaddisa, eat me today for father's release.

85.

I know you are the son of Jayaddisa, for thus is the beauty of face of you both;

Very difficult indeed is this deed of yours, who wishes to die for father's release.

86.

I do not consider anything difficult here, who wishes to die for father's release;

Going to the next world for mother's sake too, joined with the happiness of heaven.

87.

And I never recall any evil deed of mine, whether in public or in secret;

I have reckoned birth and death, as it is here for me so it is beyond.

88.

Eat me now, O mighty one, do what needs to be done with this body;

From the top of a tree I will flee, while protecting me you ate my flesh.

89.

And if this appeals to you, prince, you will give up life for your father's release;

Therefore you, in such haste, break the sticks and kindle the fire.

90.

Then indeed the resolute prince, having gathered wood for a great fire;

Having kindled it, he announced, "Now this great fire is ablaze."

91.

Eat me now, you who act by force, why do you look at me repeatedly with bristling hair;

I will do to you exactly as you did to me when you ate me while protecting me.

92.

Who deserves to eat one such as this, established in the Teaching, truthful and generous;

The head of one who would harm such a truth-speaker would split into seven pieces.

93.

For thinking this was a brahmin, the hare offered its own body;

Therefore that young deity of the moon, praised as the hare, is today a spirit granting desires.

94.

As the moon released from Rāhu's mouth shines like the full moon with its rays,

So you, released from the man-eater, shine, O Kapila of great power;

Delighting your father and mother, and may your whole family rejoice.

95.

Then indeed the resolute prince, with joined palms, went around the man-eater;

With permission, safe, happy and healthy, he returned from the dark-bodied beings of Kapila.

96.

All the townspeople and people of the country, elephant riders, charioteers and foot soldiers;

Worshipping with reverential salutation they approached, saying "Homage to you who have done what is difficult to do."

The Birth Story of Jayaddisa, the Third.

514.

The Birth Story of Chaddanta (4)

97.

Why do you grieve, O graceful one, pale one of excellent beauty;

You fade, O large-eyed one, like a crushed garland.

98.

Great king, a pregnancy craving came to me in a dream;

That craving of mine is not easily obtained.

99.

Whatever human sensual pleasures there are in this world of delight;

All these are abundant for me, I give them to you as you crave.

100.

Let the hunters come together, whoever are in your realm;

I will tell them what my craving is like.

101.

O queen, these hunters are skilled,

Knowing the forest and knowing the deer, they have given up their lives for my purpose.

102.

Listen, sons of hunters, all who have gathered here;

I saw in a dream a white elephant with six tusks;

I need its tusks, without obtaining them there is no life.

103.

Neither our fathers nor grandfathers have seen or heard of an elephant with six tusks;

Tell us what kind of bull elephant the princess saw in her dream.

104.

The four cardinal directions and the four intermediate directions, above and below - these are the ten directions;

In which direction stands the lord of dragons that she saw in her dream with six tusks?

105.

From here straight to the northern direction, having crossed over seven immense mountains;

There is a magnificent mountain named Suvaṇṇapassa, well-flowered, frequented by celestial beings.

106.

Having climbed the rock, the dwelling of celestial beings, look down at the foot of the mountain;

Then you will see one like a cloud in colour, a king of banyan trees with a thousand roots.

107.

There dwells the elephant with six tusks, all white, hard for others to overcome;

Eight thousand dragons guard him, with tusks like poles, swift as the wind in attack.

108.

They stand breathing heavily, they become agitated even by a stirring wind;

But seeing a human being there, they would reduce him to ashes, not even dust would remain of him.

109.

Many ornaments of gold are here in the royal palace, your majesty;

And those made of pearls, gems and beryl, what will you do with ivory ornaments?

Do you wish to kill the six-tusked elephant, or will you slay the hunter's sons?

110.

I am envious and suffering, hunter, and I dry up above when recollecting;

Do this for my benefit, hunter, I will give you five excellent villages.

111.

Where does he dwell, where does he go to stay, what is his path when he goes to bathe?

And how does that king of dragons bathe, how can we know the destination of the elephant?

112.

Right there not far is that lotus pond, delightful with good fords and abundant water;

Fully blossomed and frequented by groups of bees, here indeed that king of dragons bathes.

113.

Head bathed, bearing a garland of lotuses, all white with skin like a white lotus,

Rejoicing he goes to his dwelling, having put in front the great sage of all good fortune.

114.

Right there having taken up speech, the hunter taking quiver and bow,

Crosses the seven great mountains, the magnificent mountain named Golden Side.

115.

Having climbed the rock, the dwelling of celestial beings, he looked down at the foot of the mountain;

There he saw like a cloud in appearance, a king banyan tree with eight thousand roots.

116.

There he saw a six-tusked elephant, all white, unconquerable by others;

Eight thousand dragons guard him, with tusks like poles, swift as the wind in attack.

117.

There he saw a lotus pond not far away, delightful with good fords and abundant water;

Fully blossomed and frequented by groups of bees, where indeed that king of dragons bathes.

118.

Having seen the destination and stability of the dragon, which was his path when going to bathe;

The one of ignoble form went to the pit, driven by one following the power of mind.

119.

Having dug a pit he covered it with planks, and the hunter concealed himself with his bow;

When the dragon came into view, he struck it with a broad arrow, the evil-doer.

120.

And the wounded dragon made a terrible cry like a heron, and all the dragons roared terribly;

Making conflict with grass and wood, they ran in all eight directions all around.

121.

While grasping 'he will kill me', he saw the ochre robe, the banner of sages;

To one touched by suffering arose perception: the banner of the worthy ones is a form not to be destroyed by the good.

122.

One who would wear the ochre robe while not free from taints;

Devoid of self-control and truth, is not worthy of the ochre robe.

123.

But one who has vomited the taints, well concentrated in virtuous behavior;

Endowed with self-control and truth, that one truly deserves to wear the ochre robe.

124.

Pierced by many arrows, the dragon, with mind free from hatred, spoke to the hunter;

For what purpose or what cause, friend, did you kill me, or by whose instigation was this?

125.

The chief queen of King Kāsi, venerable sir, she was honoured in the royal family, Subhaddā;

She saw me and told me, and said to me: "I need the tusks."

126.

"I have many excellent pairs of tusks, which belonged to my fathers and grandfathers;

That angry princess knows, foolishly she created enmity, wishing to kill.

127.

"Get up, hunter, take a saw, cut these tusks before I die;

You will tell that angry princess, 'The elephant is killed, here are his tusks.'"

128.

Getting up, that hunter took a saw, having cut the tusks of that supreme elephant;

Beautiful, lovely, unequalled on earth, taking them he quickly departed from there.

129.

Struck by fear, afflicted by the elephant's killing, those elephants ran in eight directions;

Not seeing the person, the elephant's enemy, they returned to where that dragon king was.

130.

There those dragons wept and lamented, sprinkling dust on their heads;

They all went to their dwelling, having put in front the great sage of all good fortune.

131.

Taking the tusks of that supreme elephant, beautiful, lovely, unequalled on earth;

Gleaming with golden streaks all around, that hunter went to Kāsi city;

He presented the tusks to the princess, 'The elephant is killed, here are his tusks.'

132.

Seeing the tusks of the supreme elephant, who was dear to her in a previous birth;

Right there her heart burst, and thus that fool met her death.

133.

Having attained enlightenment, that one of great power displayed a smile in the midst of the assembly;

The monks with well-liberated minds asked, for the enlightened ones do not display without reason.

134.

That young maiden you saw, wearing yellow robes, living in homelessness;

She was then a princess, I was then the king of dragons.

135.

Taking the tusks of that supreme elephant, beautiful, lovely, unequalled on earth;

That hunter who went to Kāsi city, he was then Devadatta.

136.

This ancient practice, long associated with, without heroes, high and low,

Free from anguish, free from sorrow, free from the dart, having direct knowledge himself, the Enlightened One spoke.

137.

I, monks, at that time,

Was then the nāga king - thus remember the birth story.

The Birth Story of Chaddanta, the Fourth.

515.

The Birth Story of Sambhava (5)

138.

We are practising kingship, O virtuous one, sovereignty;

I wish to attain greatness, to conquer this earth.

139.

Through righteousness, not through unrighteousness, unrighteousness does not please me;

The duty and Teaching when practiced, O king, is of pure conduct.

140.

By which one is blameless here and now, and blameless after death;

By which we attain fame among deities and human beings, O brahmin.

141.

I who wish to accomplish the good and the Teaching, O brahmin;

That good and Teaching, O brahmin, tell me when asked.

142.

None other than Vidhura, O king, is proper to explain that;

The good and Teaching that you wish to accomplish, O noble one.

143.

Come now, being sent, go to Vidhura's presence;

Taking this golden necklace, go, O one of pure conduct;

May this offering be given, for instruction in good and Teaching.

144.

Bhāradvāja approached near to Vidhura;

The great brahmā saw him, unequalled in his own house.

145.

I am sent as a messenger of the glorious Korabya king;

"He asks about good and Teaching," thus spoke Yudhiṭṭhila;

That good and Teaching, O Vidhura, tell me when asked.

146.

They will block the Ganges for me, O brahmin, I cannot do that;

To block the great ocean, how will that be possible.

147.

I am not able to tell you, when asked, the good and the Teaching;

But Bhadrakāra is my son, born from me, my own offspring;

That good and Teaching, O brahmin, go and ask him.

148.

Then Bhāradvāja went to Bhadrakāra;

The great Brahmā saw him, seated in his own dwelling.

149.

I am sent as a messenger of the glorious Korabya king;

"He asks about good and Teaching," thus spoke Yudhiṭṭhila;

That good and Teaching, O Bhadrakāra, tell me.

150.

Having left the basket of meat, I chase after the monitor lizard;

I am not able to tell you, when asked, the good and the Teaching.

151.

My brother named Sañcaya, my younger brother of good conduct;

That good and Teaching, O brahmin, go and ask him.

152.

Bhāradvāja went to where Sañcaya was;

The great Brahmā saw him, seated in his own dwelling.

153.

I am sent as a messenger of the glorious Korabya king;

"He asks about good and Teaching," thus spoke Yudhiṭṭhila;

That good and Teaching, O Sañcaya, tell me when asked.

154.

Death always devours me, evening and morning, O one of good conduct;

I am not able to tell you, when asked, the good and the Teaching.

155.

My brother named Sambhava, my younger brother of good conduct;

That good and Teaching, O brahmin, go and ask him.

156.

"Oh wonderful indeed is the Teaching, this is not what we approve of;

Three people, father and sons, among them we do not know who is wise.

157.

You are not able to tell, when asked, the good and the Teaching;

How would a young one know, when asked about the good and the Teaching.

158.

Do not despise him for being young, without asking about his origin;

Having asked about his origin, brahmin, one would know the good and the Teaching.

159.

Just as the spotless moon, moving through the realm of space;

All the constellations in the world, he outshines with radiance.

160.

Thus too one endowed with youth, originating through the exertion of wisdom;

Do not despise him for being young, without asking about his origin;

Having asked about his origin, brahmin, one would know the good and the Teaching.

161.

Just as the delightful month, brahmin, of the hot season;

Excels other months, shining with tree blossoms.

162.

Thus too one endowed with youth, originating through the exertion of wisdom;

Do not despise him for being young, without asking about his origin;

Having asked about his origin, brahmin, one would know the good and the Teaching.

163.

Just as, O Brahmā, the Himalayas, the fragrant mountain;

Covered with various trees, an abode for groups of great elements;

And with divine medicinal herbs, it shines and blows in all directions.

164.

Thus too one endowed with youth, originating through the exertion of wisdom;

Do not despise him for being young, without asking about his origin;

Having asked about his origin, brahmin, one would know the good and the Teaching.

165.

Just as, O Brahmā, a blazing fire, with a garland of flames, glorious;

Blazing in the forest goes the fire, with a path of blackness.

166.

The fire fed with ghee, with a banner of smoke, consuming the best of offerings;

At midnight on the mountain peak, with abundant fuel it shines forth.

167.

Thus too one endowed with youth, originating through the exertion of wisdom;

Do not despise him for being young, without asking about his origin;

Having asked about his origin, brahmin, one would know the good and the Teaching.

168.

By speed one knows a good horse, and an ox by its burden-bearing;

By milking one knows a cow, and a wise person by their speech.

169.

Thus too one endowed with youth, originating through the exertion of wisdom;

Do not despise him for being young, without asking about his origin;

Having asked about his origin, brahmin, one would know the good and the Teaching.

170.

Bhāradvāja went well to the presence of Sambhava;

The great Brahmā saw him, playing outside the city.

171.

I am sent as a messenger of the glorious Korabya king;

"He asks about good and Teaching," thus spoke Yudhiṭṭhila;

That good and Teaching, tell me about their origin when asked.

172.

Indeed I will tell you, just as one who is skilled;

The king knows that, whether he will do it or not.

173.

When asked by the king, O virtuous one, you should say "today or tomorrow";

O Yudhiṭṭhila, let not the king dwell having done nothing when the need has arisen.

174.

When asked by the king, O virtuous one, you should speak only internally;

Do not establish the wrong path, like one who is deluded and mindless.

175.

One should not transgress oneself, should not practise what is contrary to the Teaching;

Should not cross at what is not a ford, should not be engaged in what is unbeneficial.

176.

And that noble who knows to practise these states;

That king always increases, like the moon in the bright fortnight.

177.

He is dear to relatives and shines among friends;

With the breaking up of the body, that wise one is reborn in heaven."

The Birth Story of Sambhava, the fifth.

516.

The Great Monkey Birth Story (6)

178.

In Bārāṇasī there was a king, who increased the kingdom of Kāsi;

Surrounded by friends and ministers, he went to the deer park.

179.

There he saw a brahmin, white, mottled, with leprosy;

Like a shattered koviḷāra tree, lean, with veins showing.

180.

Having seen the man in distress, who had reached the utmost state of compassion,

The astonished king spoke: "Which of the spirits are you?

181.

"Your hands and feet are white, and your head even whiter;

Your body is of mottled appearance, and you are full of leprosy.

182.

"Like a coiled snake, your back is slanting up and down;

Your limbs are like black mountain rocks, I do not see another like this.

183.

"With blistered feet, thirsty, thin, with veins showing through;

You look hungry and scorched, where are you from, where are you going?

184.

"You are unpleasant to look at and of little worth, ugly and frightful to behold;

Even the mother who bore you would not wish to see you.

185.

"What action did you do in the past, whom did you kill who should not have been killed;

Having done what evil deed, have you come to this suffering?"

186.

Indeed I will tell you, just as one who is skilled;

For in this world the wise praise one who speaks truth.

187.

Wandering alone searching for cattle, confused I went astray in the forest;

In the forest, in the barren wasteland, frequented by various elephants.

188.

Roamed by wild beasts, I was lost in the forest;

I wandered there for seven days, overcome by hunger and thirst.

189.

There, being hungry, I saw an ebony tree, standing in an uneven place;

Hanging over a precipice, bearing ripe fruits.

190.

I ate those that had fallen in the wind, they greatly pleased me;

Not satisfied, I climbed the tree, there I will be seated.

191.

I had eaten one, and desired a second;

Then that branch broke, as if cut by an axe.

192.

Together with the branches, I fell feet up and head down;

Without support, without anything to hold onto, I fell into a mountain chasm.

193.

Because the water was deep, therefore I did not reach the bottom;

There I lay joyless for exactly ten nights.

194.

Then a monkey came there, with a cow's tail, living in caves;

Moving from branch to branch, eating tree fruits.

195.

Seeing me thin and pale, he felt compassion for me;

"Hey, who is this here, afflicted with such suffering?"

196.

"Human or nonhuman spirit, reveal yourself to me;

Having paid reverential salutation to him, I spoke these words.

197.

"I am a human being who has met with misfortune, I have no destination from here;

This I say to you, good fortune to you, may you be a refuge for me.

198.

Taking up a heavy stone, the monkey wandered on the mountain;

Having made a bond with the stone, the bull said this.

199.

"Come, climb on my back, grasp my neck with your arms;

I will pull you out swiftly from the mountain precipice.

200.

Having heard those words of the glorious lord of monkeys;

I climbed on the back of the wise one and grasped his neck with my arms.

201.

Then that powerful, strong monkey rose up with me,

Though struggling with difficulty, he went swiftly through the mountain passes.

202.

Having lifted me up, that good bull spoke thus:

"Come now, friend, watch over me, I shall sleep for a moment.

203.

Lions and tigers and leopards, bears and hyenas;

They might harm me when unmindful, when you see them, ward them off.

204.

Having thus protected me, he slept for a moment;

Then I gained a wrong view, unwisely.

205.

"This is food for human beings, just like other beasts in the forest;

What if I were to kill this monkey and eat it when hungry.

206.

I will go with a sickle, taking meat as provisions;

I will cross the wilderness, it will be my provisions.

207.

Then taking a stone, I struck his head;

As my limbs were tired, the blow was weak.

208.

And that monkey, covered with blood, sprang up quickly;

With eyes full of tears, weeping he looked at me.

209.

Noble sir, do not do this to me, you should not do such a thing;

Indeed you, long-lived one, should restrain others.

210.

Alas indeed, O person, such a doer of difficult deeds;

From such unrighteous bad destinations and precipices I was raised.

211.

As if brought from another world, he thought I could be deceived;

Due to that evil nature, evil was conceived by evil.

212.

May you not, O unrighteous one, experience painful feeling;

May that evil action not destroy you like a bamboo.

213.

In these three there is no trust, O evil-natured unrestrained one;

Come, follow behind me, being visible nearby.

214.

You are freed from the hands of wild beasts, you have attained the human state;

This is the path, unrighteous one, go by it as you please.

215.

Having said this, the mountain dweller, having washed his head in the pool;

Having wiped away his tears, then climbed the mountain.

216.

I was afflicted by that, tormented by passion;

With my body burning, I approached to drink water.

217.

As if burnt by fire, the pool was smeared with blood;

Like old blood in appearance, all became equal in me.

218.

As many drops of water, as fell upon my body;

So many boils arose, the size of half a wood-apple.

219.

They burst and oozed from me, corpse-like old blood;

Wherever I went, in villages and market towns.

220.

With sticks in hand they ward off, both women and men ward me off;

Overwhelmed with putrid odour, do not come this way.

221.

Such is this suffering, now for seven years;

I experience my own action, formerly done wrongly by myself.

222.

This I say to you, Venerable Sir, all who have gathered here:

Do not be one who betrays friends, for betrayal of a friend is evil.

223.

One who betrays friends here becomes a leper, a scabby one;

With the breaking up of the body, the betrayer of friends is reborn in hell.

The Great Monkey Birth Story, the sixth.

517.

The Birth Story of the Water Demon (7)

224.

If when seven of you are being carried away in the ocean,

A demon seeking human sacrifice should seize the boat,

Having given them progressively, how did you get free from the water demon?

225.

First I would give mother, having given wife then brother,

Then having given friend, fifth I would give the brahmin;

On the sixth day I would give myself, but I would not give Mahosadha.

226.

Your mother who nourished you, who bore you, who had tender concern for you for a long time;

She who was wise and saw the good, who committed six offences against you;

Making another proximate cause, she saved you from death.

227.

Such a one who gave you life, who bore you in her womb;

For what hatred would you give your mother to the water-guardians?

228.

Though young, she wears ornaments and decorations;

She laughs excessively at the doorkeepers and army officers.

229.

Moreover, she herself sends messages to rival kings;

For that hatred would I give my mother to the water-guardians.

230.

The most excellent of the group of women, speaking exceedingly lovingly;

Following along, virtuous, like an unrepelled shadow.

231.

Free from anger, meritorious, wise, seeing the good;

For what hatred would you give Ubbarī to the water-guardians.

232.

Immersed in playful delight, come under the power of harm;

She asks me for wealth, unasked by her own sons.

233.

I, deeply attached, give much varied wealth;

Having given up what is very hard to give up, afterwards I grieve, dejected;

For that hatred would I give Ubbarī to the water-guardians.

234.

By whom the country folk were gathered, and brought to acceptance;

Having brought much wealth from other kingdoms, having overcome.

235.

The best of archers, brave, of sharp counsel;

For what hatred would you give your brother to the water-guardians?

236.

By whom the country folk were gathered, and brought to acceptance;

Having brought much wealth from other kingdoms, having overcome.

237.

The best of archers, brave, and of sharp counsel;

Made happy by me, this boy-king shows arrogance.

238.

My lady, he does not come to attend on me as before;

For that hatred would I give my brother to the water-guardians.

239.

In one night both you and the trainee archer;

Both Pañcālas were born here, companions of equal age.

240.

He followed your conduct, sharing your pleasure and pain;

Devoted to you day and night, engaged in all tasks;

For what hatred would you give your companion to the water-guardians?

241.

Noble lady, this conduct of mine, he laughed together with me;

Even today with that beauty, he laughs excessively.

242.

Noble lady, I too consult with Ubbarī in private;

He enters without announcement, previously without notice.

243.

Having gained entry, having made opportunity, shameless and disrespectful;

For that hatred would I give my companion to the water-guardians.

244.

Skilled in all signs, knower of sounds, learned in tradition;

Engaged in portents and dreams, in going out and entering.

245.

Renowned on earth and in the sky, skilled in the paths of the stars;

For what hatred would you give the brahmin to the water-guardians?

246.

Noble lady, even in the assembly he looks at me with open eyes;

Therefore that cruel one with raised eyebrows would I give to the water-guardians.

247.

The earth bounded by the ocean, encircled by the sea;

You dwelt on earth, surrounded by ministers and retinue.

248.

A great realm extending to four borders, victorious and of great strength;

You were sole monarch of the earth, your fame spread extensively.

249.

Sixteen thousand women, wearing jewelled earrings;

Women from various countries, beautiful like celestial maidens.

250.

Thus perfect in all factors, with all sensual pleasures fulfilled;

They say the life of the happy and dear ones is long, O noble.

251.

Then for what reason, and because of what,

While protecting the wise one, do you give up life that is hard to give up.

252.

Since Mahosadha, my lady, has come to my hand;

I do not recall even a minute evil deed of that wise one.

253.

If at some time death should come to me first;

That Mahosadha would make my children and grandchildren happy.

254.

He sees all benefit, both future and present;

I would not give one of blameless action to the water-guardians.

255.

Listen to this, O people of Pañcāla, the words of Cūḷaneyya;

While protecting the wise one, he gives up life that is hard to give up.

256.

Of mother, wife, and brother, friend and brahmin;

And of himself too, Pañcāla gives up the life of six.

257.

Thus wisdom is of great benefit, subtle and well-reflecting;

For welfare in this very life, and for happiness in the life to come.

The Birth Story of the Water Demon, the seventh.

518.

The Birth Story of Paṇḍara, the Dragon King (8)

258.

One with scattered speech not concealing counsel, unrestrained, not circumspect;

Fear follows him who lacks understanding himself, as the divine bird follows Paṇḍara the dragon.

259.

The person who should protect secret counsel, through delusion wanders about laughing;

Fear quickly follows him whose counsel is broken, as the divine bird follows Paṇḍara the dragon.

260.

An unfriendly person does not deserve to know a serious, secret matter;

A good friend does not deserve to know what is unenlightened, enlightened, or harmful.

261.

I trusted a naked ascetic, thinking "This ascetic is respected and has developed self";

I revealed to him a secret matter, and now that the matter is past, I weep wretchedly.

262.

I told him, O supreme deity, that supreme secret, for I was not able to control my speech;

From that faction fear has come to me, and now that the matter is past, I weep wretchedly.

263.

Whatever person, thinking someone a friend, tells a secret matter to one of bad family;

Through hatred, fear, or caught up in lust, that fool is certainly overthrown.

264.

Having entered among the bad, speaking deceitfully, who utters speech in gatherings;

They call that person a venomous snake with a foul mouth, keep far, far away in self-control from such a one.

265.

Food and drink, Kāsi sandalwood, agreeable women, garlands and ointments;

Abandoning all sensual pleasures we go, we are like those who have come under the power of the divine bird.

266.

Who here among the three deserves blame, in this world of living beings, O dragon king;

The ascetic, the divine bird, or yourself, for what reason was Paṇḍaraka seized?

267.

I thought he was an ascetic, and he was dear to me, one with a developed mind;

I revealed to him a secret matter, and now that the matter is past, I weep wretchedly.

268.

There is no immortal being on earth, there are no discriminations of wisdom that should not be blamed;

By truth, by Teaching, by steadfastness, by self-control, here a person speaks what cannot be obtained.

269.

Mother and father are the highest among relatives, there is no third compassionate one for him;

Even to them one should not tell the highest secret, fearing the breaking of counsel.

270.

Mother and father, sister and brothers, and friends who are on his side;

Even to them one should not tell the highest secret, fearing the breaking of counsel.

271.

If a wife should speak to her husband, a maiden speaking lovingly;

Endowed with children, form and fame, honoured by the assembly of relatives, even to her one should not tell the highest secret;

Fearing the breaking of counsel.

272.

One should not reveal a secret matter, one should guard it like a treasure;

For it is not good to reveal what should be concealed, a matter to be understood.

273.

A wise person should not tell a secret to a woman, nor to an enemy;

Nor to one who can be bought with material things, nor to a person who is a thief of hearts.

274.

When a person reveals an unenlightened secret matter,

Due to fear of breaking confidence, one must endure being like a slave.

275.

As many confidants who know a person's secret matter,

So many are his fears, therefore one should not disclose a secret.

276.

One should speak of secrets during the day in seclusion, at night one should not utter speech beyond proper time;

For eavesdroppers hear secrets, therefore secrets quickly become disclosed.

277.

Just as there might be a great city, without gates, made of iron, with beautiful halls;

Surrounded by a moat that has been dug all around, even so are my secrets here.

278.

Those people who keep secrets, whose speech is not scattered, who are firm in their own good, who are double-tongued;

Their enemies stay far away from them, like hostile groups of venomous snakes.

279.

Having left home, gone forth unclothed, naked and shaven-headed one wanders for the sake of food;

To such a one I should not reveal a secret matter, we have departed from both good and Teaching.

280.

How does one act, O king of supaṇṇas, what virtuous behavior and what vow should one follow;

The ascetic wandering having abandoned possessiveness, how does one act to reach the heavenly state.

281.

Endowed with moral shame, patience and self-control, free from anger having abandoned slander;

The ascetic wandering having abandoned possessiveness, acting thus reaches the heavenly state.

282.

Just as a mother her tender young child, touching pervades the whole body;

Thus too you appeared to me, O king of birds, showing compassion like a mother to her child.

283.

Come now today release from death the snake, for there are three sons and no other;

The pupil, the adopted and the natural born, one of these sons was mine to rule.

284.

Having spoken these words the supaṇṇa, the bird standing on the ground to the snake;

Released today you have overcome all fear, be protected by me on land and water.

285.

Just as a skilled physician to the sick, and like a cool lake to the thirsty;

Just as a dwelling for those afflicted by cold snow, so too I am a refuge for you.

286.

"Having made an alliance with an enemy, egg-born with water-born,

You lie with fangs exposed, from where has fear come to you?

287.

Be suspicious of an enemy, and do not trust even in a friend;

Fear arisen from fearlessness even cuts off the roots.

288.

How can one trust in that by which conflict was made;

One should remain permanently vigilant, he does not become attached to enemies.

289.

One should trust but should not be trusted, unsuspected one should be suspicious;

A wise person should exert themselves in such a way that others would not know their state.

290.

Those two with deity-like beauty and subtle form, equal in victory, masses of merit,

Approached the naked ascetic doing his duties, mingling like dragon-mounted steeds.

291.

Then indeed Pandaraka approached the naked ascetic and said this:

"Today I am free, having transcended all fear; surely we are not dear to your mind."

292.

"The king of birds was indeed dear to me; undoubtedly Pandaraka speaks the truth;

He did this evil action inflamed by lust, clearly comprehending, not from delusion."

293.

Nothing is dear or unloved to me, who sees this world and the beyond;

For though with the appearance of the well-restrained, you wander in this world unrestrained.

294.

You appear noble but are ignoble, unrestrained though appearing restrained;

You are of dark birth, ignoble in form, you have done much evil and misconduct.

295.

You betrayed one who did no wrong, and you are a betrayer and malicious;

By this truth-utterance, may your head split into seven pieces.

296.

Therefore one should not betray friends, there is none worse than one who betrays friends;

The devoted one was struck down on the earth, for by Inda's word the restrained one was destroyed.

The Birth Story of Paṇḍara, the Dragon King, the Eighth.

519.

The Birth Story of Sambulā (9)

297.

Who are you trembling in the mountain cave, standing alone with shapely thighs;

I ask you with waist that can be spanned by hands, tell me your name and relatives.

298.

Illuminating the delightful forest, frequented by lions and tigers;

Who are you, O good one, or whose are you, O one with beautiful waist;

I pay homage to you, O fortunate one, I am a demon, honour to you.

299.

Who is the son of the king of Kāsi, known as Sotthisena;

I am Sambulā, his wife, know this thus, O demon;

I pay homage to you, Venerable Sir, I am Sambulā, honour to you.

300.

The son of Videha, Venerable Sir, lives in the forest, afflicted;

I alone attended to him who was afflicted with sickness.

301.

When I bring from foraging in the forest honey, meat and game from burrows;

That food is surely not enough for him today.

302.

What will you do in the forest with a sick prince;

I who have served Sambula, I will be your husband.

303.

What form do I have, being afflicted with sorrow and misfortune;

Look for another, venerable sir, one more beautiful than me.

304.

Come, climb this mountain with me, I have four hundred wives;

You shall be the chief among them, fulfilled with all sensual pleasures.

305.

"Surely, O star-like beauty, whatever you wish in your mind;

All that is abundant for me, delight with me today.

306.

If you will not make the great bed, Sambulā;

Enough of breakfast, you will be food in the evening.

307.

And that cruel seven-matted man-eater,

Seeing her without protection in the forest, seized Sambulā by the arm.

308.

Overcome by a demon, cruel with materialistic vision,

She, having fallen into the power of the enemy, laments only for her husband.

309.

This suffering is not like that, should the demon eat me;

And if my noble husband's mind will be otherwise.

310.

The deities are not present, they must be away, surely there are no world-protectors here;

For those who act violently and are unrestrained, surely there are no ones to stop them.

311.

This is the foremost among women, glorious, peaceful, righteous, with blazing heat like fire;

If you speak to that maiden like a demon, your head would split into seven pieces;

Do not burn yourself, release her who is devoted to her husband.

312.

And she came to the hermitage, freed from the man-eater;

Like a bird to its nest in the sand, like one who has gone to its abode.

313.

There she lamented, the glorious princess;

Sambulā with tearful eyes, not seeing her lord in the forest.

314.

I pay homage to ascetics and brahmins, sages of perfect conduct;

Not seeing the prince, I have gone to you for refuge.

315.

I pay homage to lions and tigers, and other wild beasts in the forest;

Not seeing the prince, I have gone to you for refuge.

316.

Grass, creepers and herbs, mountains and forests;

Not seeing the prince, I have gone to you for refuge.

317.

I pay homage to the blue-lotus-like night, garlanded with stars;

Not seeing the prince, I have gone to you for refuge.

318.

I pay homage to the Ganges of Bhagīratha, receiver of flowing streams;

Not seeing the prince, I have gone to you for refuge.

319.

I pay homage to the king of mountains, the best, Himavanta, the mountain;

Not seeing the prince, I have gone to you for refuge.

320.

Too late indeed you have come, glorious princess;

Why have you come today, who is dearer to you than me.

321.

This is what I said then, seized by that enemy;

This suffering is not like that, should the demon eat me;

And if my noble husband's mind will be otherwise.

322.

Of the many cunning female thieves, among whom truth is very hard to find;

The nature of women is hard to know, like the path of fish in water.

323.

May truth protect me thus, if it will protect me;

As I do not directly know of anyone dearer than you;

By this truth-utterance, may your illness subside.

324.

Those excellent seven hundred elephants, guarding day and night with weapons ready;

And sixteen hundred archers, what kind of enemies do you see, good lady?

325.

Adorned, with skin like lotuses, dispassionate, with voices like swans;

Having heard their measured songs and music, father, it is not now for me as it was before.

326.

Wearing golden bodices, with beautiful figures, adorned like celestial nymphs in human form;

The army-loving, unblemished-limbed noble maidens, father, try to seduce him.

327.

If I were, father, as before, to support my husband by gathering in the forest;

He would respect me and not disrespect me, father, that would be better for me than this.

328.

When abundant food and drink are set down, a woman adorned with polished ornaments,

Though perfect in all limbs but unloved by her husband, death is better than that for her.

329.

Even if poor, wretched and destitute, with only a mat as companion, but dear to her husband;

Better is this poor one who is loved than one perfect in all limbs but unloved.

330.

Very hard to find is a woman who is beneficial to a man, and hard to find is one beneficial to a devoted woman;

And since your wife is beneficial and virtuous, lord of people, practise the Teaching towards Sambulā.

331.

If you, overcome by envy, go to death despite obtaining vast wealth;

I and these princesses, my dear, we shall all be obedient to your word.

The Birth Story of Sambulā, Ninth.

520.

The Birth Story of the Fragrant Tinduka Tree (10)

332.

Diligence is the Deathless state, heedlessness is the state of death;

The diligent do not die, those who are negligent are as if dead.

333.

From vanity heedlessness is born, from heedlessness destruction is born;

From destruction hatred is born, do not be heedless, O bull of the Bharatas.

334.

Many nobles have perished, along with their realm, through heedlessness;

And also villagers from their villages, and householders from their homes.

335.

When a noble is heedless, O increaser of the kingdom;

All pleasures perish, that is called the king's misery.

336.

This is not the Teaching, great king, you are too excessively heedless;

The prosperous, thriving country, robbers destroy it.

337.

You will have no sons, no gold, no grain;

When the kingdom is being plundered, you will be deprived of all pleasures.

338.

A king or noble deprived of all pleasures,

Relatives, friends and well-wishers do not consider him worthy of honour.

339.

Elephant riders, army members, charioteers, foot soldiers;

Though they live depending on him, they do not consider him worthy of honour.

340.

The fool of poor judgement, with actions unorganized,

Glory abandons the unintelligent one, like a snake its worn out skin.

341.

One whose actions are well organized, who rises early and is untiring,

All enjoyments increase for him, like cattle under a good bull.

342.

Great king, move about listening secretly in the kingdom and countryside;

Having seen and heard there, then you should act accordingly.

343.

Thus may Pañcāla feel, pierced by an arrow in battle;

As I experience today, pierced by a thorn.

344.

You are old with weak eyes, you do not see form well;

What is there for Brahmadatta, that a thorn should seek him out.

345.

There is much here for Brahmadatta, I am seeking on the path, brahmin;

The districts are unprotected, destroyed by unrighteous force.

346.

For thieves devour by night, and bandits devour by day;

In the kingdom of a corrupt king, there are many unrighteous people.

347.

When such fear has arisen, dear one, young men afraid,

Make hiding places, having driven stakes in the forest.

348.

"When indeed will this king Brahmadatta die;

In whose kingdom young women grow old without husbands.

349.

"Indeed your words are ill-spoken, you wretch, skilled in harmful terms;

Where will the king find husbands for young women.

350.

"My words are not ill-spoken, O brahmin, I am skilled in beneficial terms;

The districts are unprotected, destroyed by unrighteous force.

351.

For thieves devour by night, and bandits devour by day;

In the kingdom of a corrupt king, there are many unrighteous people;

Life is hard, wives are difficult to maintain, how can there be husbands for young women.

352.

Thus may Pañcāla lie, slain by a spear in battle;

Just as this wretched one lies, the rice bird slain by a ploughshare.

353.

Wrongfully you, vile one, are angry with Brahmadatta;

You who curse the king, having wronged yourself.

354.

Rightfully I am angry with Brahmadatta, brahmin;

The districts are unprotected, destroyed by unrighteous force.

355.

For thieves devour by night, and bandits devour by day;

In the kingdom of a corrupt king, there are many unrighteous people.

356.

Surely then again she brought the meal at the wrong time;

Waiting for the food-bringer, the rice bird slain by a ploughshare.

357.

Thus may Pañcāla be slain, killed by a sword in battle;

Just as I am struck today, and my milk has been spilled.

358.

When cattle spill their milk, they harm the cattle-keeper;

What is there for Brahmadatta, that your honor reproaches us.

359.

Blameworthy, Brahmā, is Pañcāla, of King Brahmadatta;

The districts are unprotected, destroyed by unrighteous force.

360.

For thieves devour by night, and bandits devour by day;

In the kingdom of a corrupt king, there are many unrighteous people.

361.

The fierce wandering cow, which we did not milk before;

Now today we milk it, afflicted by desire for milk.

362.

Thus let Pañcāla weep, bereft of sons let him dry up;

Just as this wretched cow, bereft of her calf runs about.

363.

When cattle of the herdsman might tremble or cry out,

What fault is there here of King Brahmadatta?

364.

There is a fault, Great Brahmā, of King Brahmadatta;

The districts are unprotected, destroyed by unrighteous force.

365.

For thieves devour by night, and bandits devour by day;

In the kingdom of a corrupt king, there are many unrighteous people;

How not by sword and knife, is the generation killed by milk-drinkers.

366.

Thus let the Pañcāla be devoured, slain in battle with his son;

Just as I, forest-born, am today devoured by villagers.

367.

Kings in the human world do not provide protection to all beings, O frog;

Not just because of this is a king unrighteous, that crows might take such a life.

368.

Indeed unrighteous in form is the holy life practitioner, you speak what is pleasing to the noble.

When many generations were being plundered, he worshipped the king with utmost negligence.

369.

"If, O deity, this kingdom would be well-ruled, prosperous, joyful and serene;

Having eaten offerings and the best almsfood, crows would not give life to one like me."

The Birth Story of the Fragrant Tinduka Tree, the Tenth.

Here is its summary -

What desire, pot, Jayaddisa, six-tusked, then origin of the wise, monkey head;

Water demon, excellent white dragon, then Sambula and divine son of Tinduka.

The Chapter of Thirty Verses is concluded.

The First Part of the Text of Birth Stories is concluded.

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