1.
The Chapter on an Ascetic’s Perceptions
1.
The Discourse on an Ascetic's Perceptions
101. "These three perceptions of an ascetic, monks, when developed and cultivated, fulfil seven qualities. Which three? 'I have entered upon a state of disfigurement, my livelihood is dependent on others, a different deportment is to be done by me' - these, monks, are the three perceptions of an ascetic which when developed and cultivated fulfil seven qualities.
"Which seven? He is one who acts continuously, one of continuous conduct regarding morality, he is non-covetous, he is without affliction, he is not arrogant, he is eager to train, he regards the requisites of life as having this purpose, and he dwells putting forth strenuous energy. These, monks, are the three perceptions of an ascetic which when developed and cultivated fulfil these seven qualities." The first.
2.
The Discourse on the Factors of Enlightenment
102. "Monks, these seven factors of enlightenment, when developed and cultivated, fulfil the three true knowledges. Which seven? The enlightenment factor of mindfulness, the enlightenment factor of investigation of phenomena, the enlightenment factor of energy, the enlightenment factor of rapture, the enlightenment factor of tranquillity, the enlightenment factor of concentration, the enlightenment factor of equanimity - these, monks, are the seven factors of enlightenment which, when developed and cultivated, fulfil the three true knowledges. Which three? Here, monks, a monk recollects manifold past lives, as follows - one birth, two births, three births, etc. thus with aspects and terms he recollects manifold past lives. With the divine eye, which is pure and surpasses the human, etc. he understands beings according to their actions. With the elimination of the mental corruptions, etc. having realised, having attained, dwells. These, monks, are the seven factors of enlightenment which, when developed and cultivated, fulfil these three true knowledges." The second.
3.
The Discourse on Wrongness
103. "Owing to the wrong course, monks, there is failure, not accomplishment. And how, monks, owing to the wrong course, is there failure, not accomplishment? For one of wrong view, monks, wrong thought is able to arise; for one of wrong thought, wrong speech is able to arise; for one of wrong speech, wrong action is able to arise; for one of wrong action, wrong livelihood is able to arise; for one of wrong livelihood, wrong effort is able to arise; for one of wrong effort, wrong mindfulness is able to arise; for one of wrong mindfulness, wrong concentration is able to arise; for one of wrong concentration, wrong knowledge is able to arise; for one of wrong knowledge, wrong liberation is able to arise. Thus, monks, owing to the wrong course, there is failure, not accomplishment.
"Owing to the right course, monks, there is accomplishment, not failure. And how, monks, owing to the right course, is there accomplishment, not failure? For one of right view, monks, right thought is able to arise; for one of right thought, right speech is able to arise; for one of right speech, right action is able to arise; for one of right action, right livelihood is able to arise; for one of right livelihood, right effort is able to arise; for one of right effort, right mindfulness is able to arise; for one of right mindfulness, right concentration is able to arise; for one of right concentration, right knowledge is able to arise; for one of right knowledge, right liberation is able to arise. Thus, monks, owing to the right course, there is accomplishment, not failure." The third.
4.
The Discourse on the Seed
104. "For a male person of wrong view, monks, of wrong thought, of wrong speech, of wrong action, of wrong livelihood, of wrong effort, of wrong mindfulness, of wrong concentration, of wrong knowledge, of wrong liberation, whatever bodily action is complete and taken upon oneself according to that view, and whatever verbal action... and whatever mental action is complete and taken upon oneself according to that view, and whatever volition, and whatever longing, and whatever aspiration, and whatever activities - all those mental states lead to the undesirable, to the unpleasant, to the disagreeable, to harm, to suffering. What is the reason for this? Because his view, monks, is evil.
"Just as, monks, a neem seed, or a bitter gourd seed, or a bitter calabash seed, planted in moist earth, whatever earth-essence it takes up, and whatever water-essence it takes up, all that leads to bitterness, to pungency, to unpleasantness. What is the reason for this? Because the seed, monks, is evil. Just so, monks, for a male person of wrong view, of wrong thought, of wrong speech, of wrong action, of wrong livelihood, of wrong effort, of wrong mindfulness, of wrong concentration, of wrong knowledge, of wrong liberation, whatever bodily action is complete and taken upon oneself according to that view, and whatever verbal action... and whatever mental action is complete and taken upon oneself according to that view, and whatever volition, and whatever longing, and whatever aspiration, and whatever activities - all those mental states lead to the undesirable, to the unpleasant, to the disagreeable, to harm, to suffering. What is the reason for this? Because his view, monks, is evil.
"For a male person of right view, monks, of right thought, of right speech, of right action, of right livelihood, of right effort, of right mindfulness, of right concentration, of right knowledge, of right liberation, whatever bodily action is complete and taken upon oneself according to that view, and whatever verbal action is complete and taken upon oneself according to that view, and whatever mental action is complete and taken upon oneself according to that view, and whatever volition, and whatever longing, and whatever aspiration, and whatever activities - all those mental states lead to the desirable, to the pleasant, to the agreeable, to welfare, to happiness. What is the reason for this? Because his view, monks, is excellent.
"Just as, monks, a sugar-cane seed, or a rice seed, or a grape seed, planted in moist earth, whatever earth-essence it takes up, and whatever water-essence it takes up, all that leads to pleasantness, to sweetness, to deliciousness. What is the reason for this? Because the seed, monks, is excellent. Just so, monks, for a male person of right view... etc. of right liberation, whatever bodily action is complete and taken upon oneself according to that view, and whatever verbal action... and whatever mental action is complete and taken upon oneself according to that view, and whatever volition, and whatever longing, and whatever aspiration, and whatever activities - all those mental states lead to the desirable, to the pleasant, to the agreeable, to welfare, to happiness. What is the reason for this? Because his view, monks, is excellent." The fourth.
5.
The Discourse on True Knowledge
105. "Ignorance, monks, is the forerunner for the attainment of unwholesome mental states, followed right behind by shamelessness and moral fearlessness. For one gone to ignorance, monks, for a fool, wrong view is able to arise; for one of wrong view, wrong thought is able to arise; for one of wrong thought, wrong speech is able to arise; for one of wrong speech, wrong action is able to arise; for one of wrong action, wrong livelihood is able to arise; for one of wrong livelihood, wrong effort is able to arise; for one of wrong effort, wrong mindfulness is able to arise; for one of wrong mindfulness, wrong concentration is able to arise; for one of wrong concentration, wrong knowledge is able to arise; for one of wrong knowledge, wrong liberation is able to arise.
"True knowledge, monks, is the forerunner for the attainment of wholesome mental states, followed right behind by shame and moral fear. For one gone to true knowledge, monks, for a wise man, right view is able to arise; for one of right view, right thought is able to arise; for one of right thought, right speech is able to arise; for one of right speech, right action is able to arise; for one of right action, right livelihood is able to arise; for one of right livelihood, right effort is able to arise; for one of right effort, right mindfulness is able to arise; for one of right mindfulness, right concentration is able to arise; for one of right concentration, right knowledge is able to arise; for one of right knowledge, right liberation is able to arise." The fifth.
6.
The Discourse on Wearing Away
106. "There are, monks, these ten cases of wearing away. What are the ten? For one of right view, monks, wrong view has been worn away; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong view as condition, those too have been worn away for him; and with right view as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development.
"For one of right thought, monks, wrong thought has been worn away; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong thought as condition, those too have been worn away for him; and with right thought as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development.
"For one of right speech, monks, wrong speech has been worn away; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong speech as condition, those too have been worn away for him; and with right speech as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development.
"For one of right action, monks, wrong action has been worn away; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong action as condition, those too have been worn away for him; and with right action as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development.
"For one of right livelihood, monks, wrong livelihood has been worn away; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong livelihood as condition, those too have been worn away for him; and with right livelihood as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development.
"For one of right effort, monks, wrong effort has been worn away; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong effort as condition, those too have been worn away for him; and with right effort as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development.
"For one of right mindfulness, monks, wrong mindfulness has been worn away; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong mindfulness as condition, those too have been worn away for him; and with right mindfulness as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development.
"For one of right concentration, monks, wrong concentration has been worn away; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong concentration as condition, those too have been worn away for him; and with right concentration as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development.
"For one of right knowledge, monks, wrong knowledge has been worn away; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong knowledge as condition, those too have been worn away for him; and with right knowledge as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development.
"For one with right liberation, monks, wrong liberation has been worn away; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong liberation as condition, those too have been worn away for him; and with right liberation as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development. These, monks, are the ten cases of wearing away." The sixth.
7.
The Discourse on Washing
107. "There is, monks, in the southern countries a festival called 'washing'. There is food and drink and hard food and soft food and lickable food and drinkable food and dancing and singing and music. There is, monks, this washing; I do not say 'there is not'. But this washing, monks, is low, vulgar, belonging to ordinary people, ignoble, not connected with benefit; it does not lead to disenchantment, to dispassion, to cessation, to peace, to direct knowledge, to enlightenment, to Nibbāna.
"But I, monks, will teach the noble washing, which washing leads exclusively to disenchantment, to dispassion, to cessation, to peace, to direct knowledge, to enlightenment, to Nibbāna; by which washing beings subject to birth are released from birth, beings subject to ageing are released from ageing, beings subject to death are released from death, beings subject to sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish are released from sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish. Listen to that, pay close attention; I will speak." "Yes, venerable sir," those monks assented to the Blessed One. The Blessed One said this -
"And what, monks, is that noble washing, which leads exclusively to disenchantment, to dispassion, to cessation, to peace, to direct knowledge, to enlightenment, to Nibbāna; by which washing beings subject to birth are released from birth, beings subject to ageing are released from ageing, beings subject to death are released from death, beings subject to sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish are released from sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish?
"For one of right view, monks, wrong view is washed away; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong view as condition, those too are washed away for him; and with right view as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development.
"For one of right thought, monks, wrong thought is washed away. Etc. For one of right speech, monks, wrong speech is washed away. For one of right action, monks, wrong action is washed away. For one of right livelihood, monks, wrong livelihood is washed away. For one of right effort, monks, wrong effort is washed away. For one of right mindfulness, monks, wrong mindfulness is washed away. For one of right concentration, monks, wrong concentration is washed away. For one of right knowledge, monks, wrong knowledge is washed away. Etc.
"For one of right liberation, monks, wrong liberation is washed away; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong liberation as condition, those too are washed away for him; and with right liberation as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development. This, monks, is that noble washing which leads exclusively to disenchantment, to dispassion, to cessation, to peace, to direct knowledge, to enlightenment, to Nibbāna; by which washing beings subject to birth are released from birth, beings subject to ageing are released from ageing, beings subject to death are released from death, beings subject to sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish are released from sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish." The seventh.
8.
The Discourse on the Physician
108. "Physicians, monks, give a purgative for the warding off of illnesses originating from bile, for the warding off of illnesses originating from phlegm, for the warding off of illnesses originating from wind. There is, monks, this purgative; I do not say 'there is not'. But this purgative, monks, sometimes succeeds and sometimes fails.
"But I, monks, will teach the noble purgative, which purgative only succeeds and does not fail, by which purgative beings subject to birth are released from birth, beings subject to ageing are released from ageing, beings subject to death are released from death, beings subject to sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish are released from sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish. Listen to that, pay close attention; I will speak." "Yes, venerable sir," those monks assented to the Blessed One. The Blessed One said this -
"And what, monks, is that noble purgative, which purgative only succeeds and does not fail, by which purgative beings subject to birth are released from birth, beings subject to ageing are released from ageing, beings subject to death are released from death, beings subject to sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish are released from sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish?
"For one of right view, monks, wrong view is purged; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong view as condition, those too are purged for him; and with right view as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development.
"For one of right thought, monks, wrong thought is purged. Etc. For one of right speech, monks, wrong speech is purged. For one of right action, monks, wrong action is purged. For one of right livelihood, monks, wrong livelihood is purged. For one of right effort, monks, wrong effort is purged. For one of right mindfulness, monks, wrong mindfulness is purged. For one of right concentration, monks, wrong concentration is purged. For one of right knowledge, monks, wrong knowledge is purged. Etc.
"For one of right liberation, monks, wrong liberation is purged; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong liberation as condition, those too are purged for him; and with right liberation as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development. This, monks, is that noble purgative, which purgative only succeeds and does not fail, by which purgative beings subject to birth are released from birth. Etc. are released from sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish." The eighth.
9.
The Discourse on Vomiting
109. "Physicians, monks, give an emetic for the warding off of illnesses originating from bile, for the warding off of illnesses originating from phlegm, for the warding off of illnesses originating from wind. There is, monks, this emetic; I do not say 'there is not'. But this emetic, monks, sometimes succeeds and sometimes fails.
"But I, monks, will teach the noble emetic, which emetic only succeeds and does not fail, by which emetic beings subject to birth are released from birth, beings subject to ageing are released from ageing, beings subject to death are released from death, beings subject to sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish are released from sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish. Listen to that, etc.
"And what, monks, is that noble emetic, which emetic only succeeds and does not fail, by which emetic beings subject to birth are released from birth, etc. beings subject to sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish are released from sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish?
"For one of right view, monks, wrong view has been vomited out; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong view as condition, those too have been vomited out for him; and with right view as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development.
"For one of right thought, monks, wrong thought has been vomited out, etc. For one of right speech, monks, wrong speech has been vomited out. For one of right action, monks, wrong action has been vomited out. For one of right livelihood, monks, wrong livelihood has been vomited out. For one of right effort, monks, wrong effort has been vomited out. For one of right mindfulness, monks, wrong mindfulness has been vomited out. For one of right concentration, monks, wrong concentration has been vomited out. For one of right knowledge, monks, wrong knowledge has been vomited out, etc.
"For one of right liberation, monks, wrong liberation has been vomited out; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong liberation as condition, those too have been vomited out for him; and with right liberation as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development. This, monks, is that noble emetic, which emetic only succeeds and does not fail, by which emetic beings subject to birth are released from birth, etc. are released from sorrow, lamentation, suffering, displeasure and anguish." The ninth.
10.
The Discourse on What Should Be Expelled
110. "Monks, there are these ten phenomena to be expelled. What are the ten? For one of right view, monks, wrong view has been expelled; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong view as condition, those too have been expelled for him; and with right view as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development.
"For one of right thought, monks, wrong thought has been expelled. Etc. For one of right speech, monks, wrong speech has been expelled. For one of right action, monks, wrong action has been expelled. For one of right livelihood, monks, wrong livelihood has been expelled. For one of right effort, monks, wrong effort has been expelled. For one of right mindfulness, monks, wrong mindfulness has been expelled. For one of right concentration, monks, wrong concentration has been expelled. For one of right knowledge, monks, wrong knowledge has been expelled.
"For one with right liberation, monks, wrong liberation has been expelled; and whatever many evil unwholesome mental states come to be with wrong liberation as condition, those too have been expelled for him; and with right liberation as condition, many wholesome mental states go to fulfilment through development. These, monks, are the ten phenomena to be expelled." The tenth.
11.
The First Discourse on One Beyond Training
111. Then a certain monk approached the Blessed One; having approached, he paid respect to the Blessed One and sat down to one side. Seated to one side, that monk said this to the Blessed One -
"'One beyond training, one beyond training', venerable sir, is said. In what respect, venerable sir, is a monk one beyond training?" "Here, monk, a monk is endowed with the right view of one beyond training, is endowed with the right thought of one beyond training, is endowed with the right speech of one beyond training, is endowed with the right action of one beyond training, is endowed with the right livelihood of one beyond training, is endowed with the right effort of one beyond training, is endowed with the right mindfulness of one beyond training, is endowed with the right concentration of one beyond training, is endowed with the right knowledge of one beyond training, is endowed with the right liberation of one beyond training. Thus, monk, a monk is one beyond training." The eleventh.
12.
The Second Discourse on One Beyond Training
112. "Monks, there are these ten qualities of one beyond training. What are the ten? Right view of one beyond training, right thought of one beyond training, right speech of one beyond training, right action of one beyond training, right livelihood of one beyond training, right effort of one beyond training, right mindfulness of one beyond training, right concentration of one beyond training, right knowledge of one beyond training, right liberation of one beyond training - these, monks, are the ten qualities of one beyond training." The twelfth.
The Chapter on Perception of an Ascetic is the first.
Its summary:
Washing, medical treatment, vomiting, ejection, two on one beyond training.